Distinguish between monohybrid, dihybrid and test crosses.

Albedo is decreasing as the earth moves back towards the sun.

This is because the heat generated from the sun makes the ice caps melt.
Snow and ice reflect a lot of the sun’s energy back into space. The darker oceans absorb energy, which warms the water. Oceans help keep the Earth warm because they absorb a lot of heat (approximately 90%).
This warming increases water vapour, which acts as a greenhouse gas and helps to keep temperatures within ranges humans have largely taken for granted for millennia.

What is Albedo?
Albedo is a measure of the reflectivity of a surface. The albedo effect when applied to the Earth is a measure of how much of the Sun's energy is reflected back into space. Overall, the Earth's albedo has a cooling effect.

Hence, the Albedo is decreasing as the Earth moves back towards the Sun.

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The absence of special food and water conducting system restricts the body size in algae, liverworts and mosses.

Algae- The term "algae" refers to a class of mainly watery, photosynthetic, & nucleus-bearing organisms which lack the real roots, stems, and leaves of plants as well as their specialized multicellular reproductive structures.

Mosses- Mosses belong to the group of land plants called Bryophyta and are non-vascular plants. They are herbaceous (non-woody) tiny plants (some few centimeters tall) that primarily absorb nutrients and water via their leaves and use light and carbon dioxide to produce food through photosynthesis.

Liverworts- Small flowerless plants known as liverworts have thallus structures that resemble the lobes of a lobed liver. Insects and other small invertebrates depend on the 6000–8000 species of liverworts that are thought to exist.

The given question is incomplete, find below the complete question,

Q. The absence of special food and water-conducting systems restricts the body size in

A. algae, liverworts and mosses

B. liverworts, mosses and ferns

C. the bryophytes and the pteridophytes

D. the thallophytes and pteridophytes

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Plants with chloroplasts carrying out Calvin cycle but unable to carry out light-dependent reactions could not carry out photosynthesis because to produce sugars, the light dependent reactions are essential in order to produce ATP and NADPH.

Calvin cycle is the light-independent reaction that is performed with the help of products from light dependent reactions. The Calvin cycle is accomplished in three steps: Carbon fixation, reduction and regeneration. The product of Calvin cycle is triose phosphate which is further used in glucose production.

Light dependent reactions are those that involved in the production of ATP and NADPH through a series of electron transporters. These ATP and NADPH are therefore used for synthesis of glucose.

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Cells membranes are a phospholipid bilayer, with the hydrophobic "tails" of the phospholipids oriented to the interior of the bilayer, and the hydrophilic "heads" to the exterior of the bilayer.

They are fluid, which means that other molecules in them, such as proteins, are not fixed in position. One of the components of the membrane in animal cells is cholesterol, which helps to give rigidity and strength to the membrane

The cell membrane is impermeable to ions and polar molecules, while hydrophobic molecules can pass by passive diffusion.

This means that only statement 2 is true (option b).

Regulating the body temperature happens through the process of thermoregulation. One system that is responsible for this is the excretory system. This process is an example of negative feedback. The body temperature tends to fluctuate within a normal range. So, the brain's control system and other parts of the body monitor this fluctuation and react to deviations from homeostasis.

The circulatory system is composed of blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries that are capable of dilation and constriction in order to help the body maintain its homeostasis. This system is also an example of negative feedback

Due to independent assortment, the possible genetic make-up of gametes produced by this organism is TS, tS, Ts, ts.

Independent Assortment- According to Mendel's independent assortment, the alleles of two or more distinct genes are independently selected into gametes. In other words, an allele with one gene doesn't really affect the allele for another gene that a gamete acquires.

Gametes- An individual's reproductive cells are called gametes. They are additionally known as sex cells. Male gametes are referred to as sperm, whereas female gametes are referred to as ova or egg cells. Each haploid cell that makes up a gamete has one set of chromosomes.

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In this case, we are talking of food chain, so phytoplankton is a photosynthetic organism, an autotroph, therefore is a producer, now the zooplankton is the primary consumer, which makes the minnows a secondary consumer and in turn, the Walleye pike fish is a tertiary consumer. Taking this into account we can say that the correct answer is option B.

All somatic cells contain the same genes, the only difference among them is on what genes are expressed. Therefore, this statement is true.

The male and female reproductive parts in plants are different in terms that the female plants (pistiliate) possess a functional pistil but lack stamens, while the male plants (staminate) contains stamens, but no pistils. Therefore the complete flower structure have stigma, style, pistil, stamen and the other acessory parts of the reproductive system, while a imperfect (pistillate) flowers don't have a stamen. According to the question and the information above the correct alternative to differenciate the gender of that plant flower is A. stamen.

Decomposers break down dead and organic material. Herbivores feeds in plants. Omnivores feeds on plants and animals Detritivores feeds on organisms and wastes. Worms are example of detritivores. They break down detritus or dead plant and animals remains. They eat dead or decaying plants or animals in order to survive.

Answer - A Detrivore

Endocrine glands are organs connected to the lymphatic system and are in charge to produce hormones.

The answer is D

Cities are a kind of atmosphere, due to the fact they comprise all of the additives and connections we use to outline ecosystem .An city atmosphere is surely the network of plants, animals, and people that inhabit the city environment.

It is a place bodily ruled through constructed systems like buildings, roads, sewers, and energy lines.City ecosystems are taken into consideration a atmosphere practical institution inside the extensive land-use biome. They are structurally complicated ecosystems with quite heterogeneous and dynamic spatial shape this is created and maintained through people.

Unlike herbal ecosystems however, city ecosystems are a hybrid of herbal and man-made factors whose interactions are affected now no longer handiest through the herbal environment, however additionally culture, private behaviour, politics, economics and social organisation.

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The nerves in the body send signals along their pathway to the spinal cord, then to the brain. Once the signals reach your brain, your body registers the sensation, and you are able to feel it. Sensory signals travel so fast that it seems like you get the message instantaneously.

Corn kernels' color and shape are coded by diallelic genes expressing complete dominance. The genotype of individuals carrying Yellow kernels and a smooth shape phenotype can be either ppSS or ppSs.

Complete dominance refers to the inheritance pattern in which the dominant allele of a gene completely masks the expression of the recessive allele.

The presence of at least one dominant allele is enough to express the dominant trait. This becomes evident in heterozygous individuals.

In the exposed example, two traits are involved. One of them is the kernel color and the other one is the kernel shape.

Genes coding for each of the traits express complete dominance,

If a corn plant had Yellow kernels and a smooth seed shape, it is expressing the recessive phenotype for color (pp) and the dominant phenotype for shape (SS or Ss), so the possible genotypes are,

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Complete question

In corn, purple kernels are dominant to yellow kernels, and smooth kernels are dominant to wrinkled kernels.

The following letters were selected to represent each of the possible alleles:

Color

Kernel shape

If a corn plant had Yellow kernels and a smooth seed shape, what could it's possible genotype be? Choose all that apply.

Group of answer choices

nonsense mutation will cause translation to stop.

Cut off Codon

In DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA), a stop codon is a trinucleotide sequence of three nucleotides that instructs the cell to stop production of proteins. The number of trinucleotide codons is 64. 3 stop codons are present, and 61 define amino acids (i.e., UAA, UAG and UGA).

A DNA change that causes a protein to cease or end its translation earlier than predicted is known as a nonsense mutation or its synonym, a stop mutation. This is a frequent type of mutation that affects both humans and other animals and results in the expression of a protein that is either truncated or ineffective.

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A three-letter sequence of mRMA that encodes for a specific amino acid is called a codon. A series of these links specific amino acids together to form a polypeptide.

The correct answer is option D.

The chararcteristics shown in the chart suggest that: Chimpanzees and bonobos most likely shared a common ancestor.

This can be figured out by the simmilarities, that are features that have been mantained while

Solution:

The correct answer is:

Definition and General Description: Kudzu or -Pueraria montana lobata variety- is a group of perennial vines and climbers. a relative of the pea and native to Japan. the kudzu is listed as one of the hundred most harmful invasive species in the world,

Origin: East Asia, Southeast Asia, and some Pacific islands. This plant is invasive in North America.

Food: autotrophic because the Kudzu is a plant.

Important feature: Kudzu can cause environmental damage as it is an invasive plant. In fact, the environmental and ecological damage of Kudzu results from its competition with other plant species. In particular, kudzu competes with native flora for light and acts to block their access to this vital resource by growing over them and shading them with its leaves. Native plants may die as a result

Every cell contains the following elements: A depiction of DNA is shown by Label A.

The cell structure would be indicated by Label B.

Label C had really been applied to the ribosome.

The designation D designates the cytoplasm.

It appears that DNA and deoxyribonucleic acid make up the genetic material. The building blocks of DNA, known as nucleotides, had just traditionally consisted of something like a nitrogen base, a sugar, as well as a phosphate molecule.

The plasma membrane is yet another term for such cell membrane. According to the juxtaposition of a relatively lipid bilayer, it provides a protective barrier for the constituents of cells as well as simultaneously simplifies the process for compounds to be moved between cells.

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Answer:  Meristimetic tissue continues to divide and help the growth of a plant. Permanent tissue consists of plant cells that no longer divide.

Explanation: Trust me.

Meristematic tissue

The tissues (group of cells) which undergoes repeated cell division. At the tip of the plant, there is apical meristem. Those tissue helps the plant to grow longer. If the apical meristem is cuts accidentally, then the plant no longer grow and dies.

Permanent tissue

The tissues (group of cells) which does not undergo repeated cell division. The middle portion of the plant cells is permanent tissue.

Overall the plant growth depends on the apical meristematic cells.

Nucleotides are composed of a sugar molecule (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base (which can be Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine in the case of a DNA). Of those three parts, the only one that changes (and therefore identifies the nucleotide) is the nitrogen containing-base. Therefore, the correct answer is C. base.

Answer:

The function that makes HIV virus unique is option B: It attacks and destroys certain cells in the bodies of its host organism

HIV is a viral disease popularly known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

It is transmitted through exchange of blood and semen such as blood transfusion, sexual intercourse, sharing of sharp objects.

HIV attacks its host by weakening and destroying the antibodies and the entire immune system of the host

Any host organism that is affected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus will be susceptible to different kinds of ailments because certain cells responsible for fighting these diseases have been

Human Immunodeficiency Virus will be susceptible to different kinds of ailments because certain cells responsible for fighting these diseases have been attacked and destroyed

Therefore, the function that makes the HIV virus unique is that it attacks and destroys certain cells in the bodies of its host organism

Genetic flow is a mechanism of evolution wherein allele frequencies of a populace extrude over generations because of chance .

Genetic flow happens in all populations of non-endless size, however its outcomes are most powerful in small populations. Genetic flow can also additionally bring about the lack of a few alleles (together with useful ones) and the fixation, or upward thrust to, percent frequency, of different alleles.

Genetic flow could have main outcomes while a populace is sharply contracted via way of means of a herbal disaster (bottleneck effect) or while a small institution splits off from the principle populace to determined a colony (founder effect).

In an countless populace, we anticipate directional choice to sooner or later restoration an effective allele, however this could now no longer always manifest in a finite populace, because the outcomes of waft can triumph over the outcomes of choice if choice is susceptible and/or the populace is small.

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Here we have the lac operator of E. coli, involved in lactose metabolism, regulators turn on and off the operon depending on the levels of glucose and lactose. Repressor lac blocks transcription in lactose absence, the promoter where RNA polymerase joins to start transcription, and the operator where the repressor will join. With this in mind, we can proceed to answer the question.

Repressor: Second option (protein that binds...)

Operator: Third option (sequence of nucleotides that controls...)

Promoter: First option (sequence of nucleotide where RNA...)

The characteristics formed during interphase, attached to one another by cohesin and they are replicas of a single chromosome correspond to sister chromatids (Options 1, 2 and 7).

Sister chromatids are two identical copies of a given chromosome, which are attached by specific proteins at the centromere level. These copies are generated during the interphase (S synthesis phase) of the cell division (either mitosis or meiosis).

Therefore, with this data, we can see those sister chromatids are identical to each other and they are generated during the interphase of the cell division process.

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The elements that would be found in high concentrations in the center of the planet is iron and nickel.

This is referred to as a type of substance which can't be broken down into simpler units by the use of a chemical reaction and examples include the following: hydrogen, iron etc.

The center of the planet is referred to as its core and is known as the innermost geologic layer which consists of different types of elements such as iron and nickel.

These type of elements was discovered to be a part of the core because of the analysis of seismic wave velocities which was done by scientists and the high temperature observed also denotes that it is made up of a very strong conductor such as metals due to the high heat absorption.

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the answer is interpretation thei field notes where they try to interpret what was in the field and reconstruct the events that took place