Under the laws enforced by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), it is illegal to discriminate against someone based on protected characteristics such as race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, gender identity, and sexual orientation), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information. Despite these legal protections, stereotypes and prejudices can still enter the hiring process and impact hiring decisions.
For example, an employer may hold a stereotype that women are not as capable or committed to their jobs after having children, leading to discriminatory practices in the hiring process. Similarly, an employer may hold a bias against older workers, assuming that they are not as productive or adaptable to new technologies, leading to age discrimination in hiring decisions.
Prejudices and stereotypes can also manifest in more subtle ways, such as in the language used in job postings, the types of questions asked during an interview, and in the selection criteria used to evaluate candidates. Hiring decisions that are based on stereotypes and prejudices can have legal consequences for employers who are found to be in violation of anti-discrimination laws.
Employers have a responsibility to ensure that their hiring practices are unbiased and based on objective criteria related to the job qualifications and criteria that are needed for the job. Training hiring managers and HR staff on unconscious bias and developing objective selection criteria can help reduce the impact of stereotypes and prejudices on the hiring process.
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Using examples from the case study, discuss the three inferred
flaws that the multinationals are making currently and what is the
impact of these flaws?
According to the case study, the three inferred flaws that multinationals often make are:
Lack of Cultural Sensitivity:Neglecting Local Regulations:What are the inferred flaws?Lack of Cultural Sensitivity: Multinationals may fail to understand the cultural nuances of the regions they operate in, leading to insensitive marketing campaigns, misunderstandings with local partners, and potential reputational damage.
Neglecting Local Regulations: Ignoring or failing to adhere to local regulations can result in hefty fines and legal repercussions, as well as harm the company's image and relationships with local authorities.
Poor Corporate Social Responsibility: Companies may prioritize profits over social responsibility, leading to unethical practices such as exploitation of labor, environmental damage, and human rights violations, which can lead to consumer boycotts and negative publicity.
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Anwer owns a rental home and is involved in maintaining it and approving renters, During the year, he has a net loss. of
$10,500
from renting the home. His other sources of income during the year are a salary of
$125,000
and
$20,900
of long-term capital gains. How much of Anwer's
$10,500
rental loss can he deduct currently if he has no sources of passive income?
His other sources of income during the year are a salary of $125,000 and $20,900 of long-term capital gains.Answer:Anwer can deduct $0 of the rental loss if he has no sources of passive income.
Why?As per the passive activity loss rules, rental losses can only offset passive income, which includes profits from rental properties as well as other types of income like royalties, limited partnerships, and other types of investments.The rental loss is a passive activity loss because he has not materially participated in the rental property's operation for more than 500 hours during the year.
The passive activity loss can be deducted from passive income and, if any, then from the income earned from other sources.Anwer has no passive income; thus, he cannot deduct the rental loss in the current year. He can, however, carry forward the rental loss to future tax years, deducting them from any future passive income in those years.
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_____ are defined as a cushion of extra resources that can be used with options-based planning to adapt to unanticipated changes, problems, or opportunities.Slack resourcesStrategic groupsSecondary firmsStanding plans
Slack resources are defined as a cushion of extra resources that can be used with options-based planning to adapt to unanticipated changes, problems, or opportunities.
Slack resources refer to resources that are available to a company in case of emergencies or unexpected situations, such as changes in the market, workforce or economy. The concept of Slack resources is particularly useful in options-based planning, where organizations analyze their available resources and prepare a contingency plan. It is an essential aspect of corporate strategy, particularly for businesses that operate in dynamic and uncertain environments.
Examples of slack resources include extra labor, additional raw materials, excess manufacturing capacity, or extra cash reserves. By having slack resources available, businesses can adapt to unexpected situations more easily and are less likely to experience catastrophic failures if unforeseen events occur.
In summary, slack resources are defined as a cushion of extra resources that can be used with options-based planning to adapt to unanticipated changes, problems, or opportunities. These resources can include excess labor, additional raw materials, extra cash reserves, and other surplus assets that can be deployed in case of emergencies or unexpected changes.
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Following are selected balance sheet accounts of Del Conte Corp. at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the increases or decreases in each account from 2020 to 2021. Also presented is selected income statement information for the year ended December 31, 2021, and additional information.
Selected Balance Sheet Accounts 2021 2020 Increase (Decrease)
Assets Accounts receivable $ 48,000 $ 31,000 $ 17,000 Property, plant, and equipment 291,000 254,000 37,000 Accumulated depreciation (192,000) (174,000) 18,000 Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Bonds payable 70,000 60,000 10,000 Dividends payable 11,500 7,800 3,700 Common stock, $1 par 36,000 26,000 10,000 Additional paid-in capital 12,500 5,800 6,700 Retained earnings 118,000 98,000 20,000 Selected Income Statement Information for the Year Ended December 31, 2021 Sales revenue $ 169,000 Depreciation 47,000 Gain on sale of equipment 16,500 Net income 42,000 Additional information:
Accounts receivable relate to sales of merchandise.
During 2021, equipment costing $54,000 was sold for cash.
During 2021, bonds payable with a face value of $34,000 were issued in exchange for property, plant, and equipment. There was no amortization of bond discount or premium.
Required:
Items 1 through 5 represent activities that will be reported in Del Conte's statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021. The following two responses are required for each item:
Determine the amount that should be reported in Del Conte's 2021 statement of cash flows.
Select the category (i.e., O - Operating activity, I - Investing activity and F - Financing activity) in which the amount should be reported in the statement of cash flows
Following are selected balance sheet accounts of Del Conte Corp. at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the increases or decreases in each account from 2020 to 2021. Also presented is selected income statement information for the year ended December 31, 2021, and additional information.
Selected Balance Sheet Accounts 2021 2020 Increase (Decrease)
Assets Accounts receivable $ 48,000 $ 31,000 $ 17,000 Property, plant, and equipment 291,000 254,000 37,000 Accumulated depreciation (192,000) (174,000) 18,000 Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Bonds payable 70,000 60,000 10,000 Dividends payable 11,500 7,800 3,700 Common stock, $1 par 36,000 26,000 10,000 Additional paid-in capital 12,500 5,800 6,700 Retained earnings 118,000 98,000 20,000 Selected Income Statement Information for the Year Ended December 31, 2021 Sales revenue $ 169,000 Depreciation 47,000 Gain on sale of equipment 16,500 Net income 42,000 Additional information:
Accounts receivable relate to sales of merchandise.
During 2021, equipment costing $54,000 was sold for cash.
During 2021, bonds payable with a face value of $34,000 were issued in exchange for property, plant, and equipment. There was no amortization of bond discount or premium.
Required:
Items 1 through 5 represent activities that will be reported in Del Conte's statement of cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2021. The following two responses are required for each item:
1. Determine the amount that should be reported in Del Conte's 2021 statement of cash flows.
2. Select the category (i.e., O - Operating activity, I - Investing activity and F - Financing activity) in which the amount should be reported in the statement of cash flows.
1. Increase in Accounts Receivable: $17,000,Category: O - Operating Activity2. Increase in Property, Plant, and Equipment: $37,000Category: I - Investing Activity.
What is Property ?Property is an intangible asset that is owned by an individual or entity. It can be tangible, such as land, cars, and buildings, or it can be intangible, such as stocks, copyrights, trademarks, or patents. Property ownership gives the owner the right to use, possess, and enjoy the benefits of the asset.
3. Increase in Bonds Payable: $10,000, Category: F - Financing Activity
4. Sale of Equipment for Cash: $54,000Category: I - Investing Activity
5. Issuance of Bonds Payable: $34,000Category: F - Financing Activity.
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A company sells headphones for $45 per unit. Fixed costs total
$162,000, and variable costs are $18 per unit. The company’s
break-even point in dollars is $270,000.
True or False
According to the solving the statement "The company’s break-even point in dollars is $270,000" is true.
What does break-even point mean?The break-even point, sometimes known as "even," is the point at which total costs and total revenues are equal, or "even," in economics, business, and specifically cost accounting. There is no net loss or gain, and one has actually "broken even", despite opportunity costs have been paid as well as capital has received the risk-adjusted, expected return.
According to the given information:Break-even point (units) = Fixed costs / (Price per unit - Variable cost per unit)
In this case, the fixed costs are $162,000, the price per unit is $45, and the variable cost per unit is $18.
Break-even point (units) = $162,000 / ($45 - $18)
Break-even point (units) = $162,000 / $27
Break-even point (units) = 6,000 units
So the company needs to sell 6,000 units to break even.
To find the break-even point in dollars, we can multiply the break-even point in units by the price per unit:
Break-even point (dollars) = Break-even point (units) x Price per unit
Break-even point (dollars) = 6,000 units x $45
Break-even point (dollars) = $270,000
the statement "The company’s break-even point in dollars is $270,000" is true.
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Of the following, which would be LEAST appropriate to use as an allocation base for calculating factory overhead rates? Question 4 options: - direct labor hours
- direct labor dollars - machine hours - total units produced
Direct labor dollars would be the least appropriate allocation base for calculating factory overhead rates because it does not necessarily correspond to the amount of overhead resources used.
For example, if two different products require the same amount of direct labor, but one uses significantly more overhead resources than the other, allocating overhead based on direct labor dollars would not accurately reflect the true costs of producing each product. Therefore, direct labor dollars would not provide an appropriate basis for allocating overhead costs.
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bertrand wants to buy a property in a rural area and needs to know whether the property site can sustain a septic system. what test should he perform before deciding to purchase the property?
Before purchasing a property in a rural area, Bertrand should perform test to know if the property site can sustain a septic system. Bertrand needs to carry out a percolation test to know if the property site can sustain a septic system.
A percolation test is a method that is used to test the suitability of soil for septic system installation. A septic system is an underground wastewater treatment system used in rural areas. A percolation test is a simple test that can be done to check the capability of the soil to absorb fluids.
In a percolation test, the soil’s ability to absorb water is tested to see if it’s appropriate for a septic system to be installed. The test checks the speed at which water drains from a test hole. The purpose of a percolation test is to check the soil’s capacity to absorb water or sewage.
This is important for installing a septic system. Therefore, Bertrand needs to carry out a percolation test before deciding to purchase the property. The percolation test is an important test that must be carried out before any installation of a septic system.
A percolation test is recommended before the installation of a septic system to determine the best site for the system. It is also essential to determine the appropriate design and size of the system that will fit the soil’s ability to absorb water. Bertrand needs to carry out a percolation test to know if the property site can sustain a septic system.
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of the following statements about the critical path, which is accurate? seleccione una: a. the critical path is the longest path on the project network diagram b. there can only be one critical path per project c. if ahead of schedule, a project can have negative slack (float) d. the least project risk occurs on the critical path
The accurate statement about the critical path is that "the critical path is the longest path on the project network diagram." The correct statement is a.
What is the critical path?The critical path is the sequence of activities that determine the project's completion date. The critical path is the longest path on the project network diagram.
There can only be one critical path for each project. In this sequence, the amount of time required for each activity is estimated. It is frequently used in project management and is beneficial for project managers.
What is the purpose of the critical path method (CPM)?The critical path method (CPM) is a project management technique for planning and scheduling. This method aids in the efficient allocation of resources, task management, and budget planning. The critical path method's main objective is to calculate the shortest time necessary to complete the project, as well as the project's critical path.
The critical path method enables project managers to manage and track project progress more efficiently.
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Sunbeam recorded vendor rebates in the wrong account and in thewrong period. a. How would either of these affect net income?Please explain.
The incorrect recording of vendor rebates would have a direct effect on net income.
If the vendor rebates were recorded in the wrong account, then it would cause an inaccurate representation of assets and liabilities, which would in turn cause an incorrect calculation of net income.
Additionally, if the vendor rebates were recorded in the wrong period, it would create an inaccurate reflection of the expenses that are associated with the current period. This would lead to an inaccurate net income calculation as well.
In summary, incorrect recording of vendor rebates in either the wrong account or the wrong period would cause an incorrect calculation of net income.
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What is the World Economic Forum? Who is the founder?
The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international organization that aims to promote public-private cooperation to solve global issues. The founder of WEF is Klaus Schwab, a German engineer and economist.
What is the World Economic Forum?The World Economic Forum (WEF) is a non-profit international organization that provides a forum for public-private cooperation in order to improve the state of the world. It is an organization that brings together leaders from different sectors of society, including government, business, academia, and civil society. They aim to discuss and find solutions to pressing global issues such as climate change, poverty, inequality, and other related issues.
The WEF organizes an annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland, which brings together some of the world's most influential people. This meeting is known as the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting or simply the Davos Forum. It provides an opportunity for leaders to engage in dialogue and brainstorm solutions to the world's most pressing problems. The organization also publishes research papers, reports, and books on various global issues.
Who is the founder?Klaus Schwab, a German engineer and economist, is the founder of the World Economic Forum. He established the WEF in 1971 as a not-for-profit foundation. Schwab had the vision of creating an organization that would bring together leaders from different sectors to collaborate on global challenges. Today, the WEF has become one of the world's leading platforms for public-private cooperation.
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A capital projects fund would probably not be used for which of the following assets?a. Construction and installation of new shelving in the mayor’s office.b. Financing and construction of three new fire substations.c. Purchase and installation of an entity-wide integrated computer system (such as SAP or Oracle).d. Replacing a bridge.
A capital projects fund would not be used for a. Construction and installation of new shelving in the mayor’s office.
A capital projects fund is intended for major investments in long-term assets such as infrastructure, property, equipment, and other capital improvements.
Therefore, the other three options -
b. Financing and construction of three new fire substations;
c. Purchase and installation of an entity-wide integrated computer system (such as SAP or Oracle); and
d. Replacing a bridge - are the type of investments a capital projects fund would be used for.
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Cedar Rapids Intl has current and expected FCFFs of $15mn, $18mn, $22mn, and $26mn over the Year 0-3. Then from Year 4 on, the FCFF is expected to stabilize and grow at 2.5% annually. The company has debt of $100mn and 30mn shares outstanding. (Hint: This is a two-stage DCF problem, so you should first estimate the terminal value as of Year 3.)
What is the value of each share if the WACC was 10%? Enter the numeric portion of your answer going into two decimal places without the dollar sign.
Without doing any calculation, can you tell whether the estimated share value will increase or decrease compared to your answer in Part (a)? Note by what percentage your estimate of share value changes when WACC changes from 8% to 10%.
Value of each share= (318.53-100)/30= $6.85. The estimated share value will decrease by 9.25% when the WACC changes from 8% to 10%.
Using the formula for the terminal value of FCFF.TV = (FCFFn(1+g))/(r-g) where, n=3FCFF3=$26mn, g=2.5%, r=10% TV= (26(1+.025))/(.10-.025)= 357.50. Now, let us calculate the PV of FCFF0-3 using the formula for the present value of FCFF. PV of [tex]FCFF=FCFF0/((1+r)^0)+FCFF1/((1+r)^1)+FCFF2/((1+r)^2)+FCFF3/((1+r)^3)PV.[/tex]
[tex]PV of TV=TV/((1+r)^n)PV of TV=357.50/(1+.10)^3=250.55[/tex] Now, let us calculate the total firm value (V) as the sum of the PV of FCFF0-3 and the PV of TV.V=PV of FCFF+PV of TV=67.98+250.55=318.53. Finally, let us calculate the value of each share using the formula for the value of each share.
Value of each share= (V-Debt)/Number of shares outstanding. Value of each share= (318.53-100)/30= $6.85. Thus, the value of each share if the WACC was 10% is $6.85.The estimated share value will, the required rate of return on the investment increases.
The percentage change in the estimated share value when WACC changes from 8% to 10% can be calculated using the following formula. Percentage change in share value= (New share value-Old share value)/ Old share value x 100. Percentage change in share value= (8.44-9.30)/9.30 x 100= -9.25%
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Refer to Chapter 2. Would you consider Rolls-Royce’s digital
twins and Intelligent Engine to be strategic systems to the
manufacturer? Why or why not? Support your answer.
Yes, Rolls-Royce's digital twins and Intelligent Engine are strategic systems for the manufacturer.
These systems enable Rolls-Royce to collect and analyze vast amounts of data from its engines, allowing the company to optimize engine performance and reduce maintenance costs for its customers.
The digital twin system creates a virtual replica of the physical engine, enabling Rolls-Royce to monitor and simulate its performance in real-time. This technology provides valuable insights into the engine's performance, which can be used to improve design, predict maintenance needs, and reduce downtime.
Additionally, the Intelligent Engine system integrates data from multiple sources, including sensors, weather data, and flight data, to provide a comprehensive view of the engine's performance. The insights gained from these systems provide Rolls-Royce with a competitive advantage in the aerospace industry.
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Is the process of human resource manganment much wider than simply the design of personnel programme
Yes, it can be argued that the Human resources management process is much broader than just designing a personnel system.
Human resources management focuses on maintaining all executive and mortal coffers systems, while mortal coffers operation takes a more strategic approach, anticipating the requirements of the association and constantly covering and conforming all systems.
Human resource management ( HRM), also known as labor force operation, includes all conditioning of the company aimed at icing the effective use of workers to achieve individual, collaborative, and organizational pretensions. The association's HRM function focuses on the mortal side of the operation.
One of the main parallels between human resource operation is that both consider placing the right people in the right jobs as one of the overall pretensions of people operating in the plant.
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The 2017 balance sheet of dream, inc. , showed current assets of $1,330 and current liabilities of $840. The 2018 balance sheet showed current assets of $1,760 and current liabilities of $1,140. What was the company's 2018 change in net working capital, or nwc?
The 2017 balance sheet of dream, inc., showed current assets of $1,330 and current liabilities of $840. The 2018 balance sheet showed current assets of $1,760 and current liabilities of $1,140. The company's 2018 change in net working capital or NWC is -$190.
Irrespective whether they're a sole proprietorship, a business partnership, a corporation, a private company, or another type of organization like the government or a not-for-profit entity, a balance sheet provides an overview of the financial positions of a person or an organization in financial accounting.
Net working capital of 2017 is given as:
= ($4,810 - $2,230)
= $2,580
Similarly, net working capital of 2018 is given as:
= ($5,360 - $2,970)
= $2,390
To find change in net working capital:
= ($2,390 - $2,580)
= ($190) (Negative)
Hence, the company's 2018 change in net working capital, or NWC is ($190).
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Employer fired Worker for wearing a Steelers sweater to work, because Employer was a Bengals fan.
Employer is:
a. Liable to Worker for the tort of invasion of privacy.
b. Liable to Worker for harassment.
c. Liable to Worker for the tort of wrongful discharge.
d. Not liable to Worker.
Employer fired Worker for wearing a Steelers sweater to work, because Employer was a Bengals fan. Employer is (d) Not liable to Worker.
Wearing a Steelers sweater to work does not fall under any protected category such as race, gender, religion, or national origin. Therefore, the Employer's action does not violate any anti-discrimination laws, nor does it constitute harassment or invasion of privacy.
Additionally, unless there is a specific employment contract or collective bargaining agreement that states otherwise, employment in the United States is generally considered "at-will," which means an employer can terminate an employee for any reason, as long as it's not discriminatory or retaliatory.
Therefore, the Employer is not liable to Worker for any torts, and the Worker's termination is legal as long as the Employer did not violate any discrimination laws or the employment contract.
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On January 1, 2018, Methodical Manufacturing issued 100 bonds, each with a face value of $1,000, a stated interest rate of 8 percent paid annually on December 31, and a maturity date of December 31, 2020. On the issue date, the market interest rate was 7. 25 percent, so the total proceeds from the bond issue were $101,959. Methodical uses the straight-line bond amortization method and adjusts for any rounding errors when recording interest in the final year. Required: 1. Prepare a bond amortization schedule. 2-5. Prepare the required journal entries to record the bond issue, interest payments on December 31, 2018 and 2019, the interest and face value payment on December 31, 2020 and the bond retirement. Assume the bonds are retired on January 1, 2020, at a price of 102
(1). The bond amortization schedule is given below:
Year Beginning Interest Amortization Ending
Balance Expense Balance
2018 $101,959.00 $7,375.33 $1,086.05 $94,597.62
2019 $94,597.62 $6,833.41 $1,627.96 $88,803.65
2020 $88,803.65 $5,104.41 $5,357.05 $0.00
(2). Journal Entry to record bond issue:
Cash dr. $101,959.00
To Discount on Bonds Payable $1,959.00
To Bonds Payable $100,000.00
(3). Journal Entry to record interest payment on December 31, 2018:
Interest Expense dr. $7,375.33
Discount on Bonds Payable dr. $459.28
To Cash $7,934.61
(4). Journal Entry to record interest payment on December 31, 2019:
Interest Expense dr. $6,833.41
Discount on Bonds Payable dr. $795.53
To Cash $7,628.94
(5). Journal Entry to record interest and face value payment on December 31, 2020:
Interest Expense dr. $5,104.41
Discount on Bonds Payable dr. $141.31
Bonds Payable dr. $100,000.00
To Cash $105,963.70
(6). Journal Entry to record bond retirement on January 1, 2020:
Bonds Payable dr. $100,000.00
Loss on Bond Retirement dr. $2,000.00
Discount on Bonds Payable dr. $3,040.00
To Cash $105,040.00
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What Elon Musk says about China?
Elon Musk has made various comments about China over the years, both positive and negative. Here are some notable remarks:
Positive comments:In May 2021, Musk tweeted, "China rocks in my opinion. The energy in China is great. People there – gosh, there’s like a lot of smart, hard working people. And they’re really – they’re not entitled, they’re not complacent."Musk has praised China's progress in electric vehicles and renewable energy. In 2019, he said, "China is becoming a global leader in advanced energy, especially electric cars. It is remarkable to see."Negative comments:In 2020, Musk criticized China's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, tweeting, "The panic is ." He later added, "Brutal lockdowns just won’t work and do immense harm to people."In 2019, Musk criticized China's trade policies, saying, "We're not allowed to own anything over there. I think that's pretty uncool." He also expressed concern about intellectual property theft in China.Overall, Musk's comments about China have been mixed, reflecting both admiration for its technological advancements and criticism of certain policies and actions.
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Edwina Industrial Products (EIP) manufactures cleaning products. The Grant Street Plant produces a single product in three departments: Mixing. Refining, and Packaging. Additional materials are added in the Refining Process when units are 40 percent complete with respect to conversion. Information for operations in September in the Refining process appear as follows. Work in process on September 1 consisted of 28,600 units with the following costs: During September, 293,000 units were transferred in from Mixing at a cost of$166,097. The following costs were added in Refining in September. Refining finished 278,000 units in September and transferred them to Packaging. At the end of September, there were 43,600 units in work-in-process inventory. The units were 20 percent complete with respect to conversion costs. The Refining Department uses the weighted-average method of process costing. The Mixing Department at the Grant Street Plant uses the FIFO method of process costing. If the Mixing Department at the plant had used the weighted-average method, the amount of costs transferred in from Mixing would have been$188,400for the amount transferred in this month. Required: Prepare a production cost report for September for the Refining Department. Note: Round "Cost per equivalent unit" to 2 decimal places. Round your final answers to nearest whole number. EDWINA INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS Refining Department Production Cost Report-Weighted-Average
Step 1: Calculate the equivalent units of production Equivalent units of production = Units completed and transferred out + Equivalent units in ending work in process inventory Units completed and transferred out:
= 278,000 unit.
What is an equivalent ?Equivalent in the context of process costing refers to a unit of production that combines both the completed units and the partially completed units in the production process. Equivalent units are used to express the total amount of production in terms of completed units, even if there are partially completed units in the production process that still need additional work to become finished goods. In other words, equivalent units take into account the stage of completion of partially completed units and express it in terms of completed units. This is important in process costing because it enables us to accurately calculate the cost per unit of production.
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Determine whether the firm reports each of the following items as part of cash, cash equivalents, or neither in the balance sheet.
Item Cash, Cash Equivalent, or neither
1. Inventory to sale for customers 2. Investment with maturity of 80 days at purchase 3. Three month US treasury bill 4. Bank Deposits
Inventory to sale for customers, is neither cash nor cash equivalent, Investment with maturity of 80 days at purchase, is neither cash nor cash equivalent, Three month US treasury bill, is considered a cash equivalent. and Bank Deposits, are considered cash or cash equivalents
How to determine if item is cash or cash equivalents, or neither in the balance sheet.Item 1, Inventory to sale for customers, is neither cash nor cash equivalent. It represents goods held for sale, which is a current asset category on the balance sheet.
Item 2, Investment with maturity of 80 days at purchase, is neither cash nor cash equivalent. It represents an investment that is not readily convertible to cash, and would be classified as either a current or non-current investment on the balance sheet depending on the company's intentions with the investment.
Item 3, Three month US treasury bill, is considered a cash equivalent. It represents a highly liquid, short-term investment that is readily convertible to cash with minimal risk of loss.
Item 4, Bank Deposits, are considered cash or cash equivalents, depending on the nature of the deposit. If the deposits are readily convertible to cash and represent funds that can be used to meet current obligations, they are classified as cash or cash equivalents on the balance sheet.
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A. $33,500 paid at the end of 4 years. The discount rate is 7 percent.
b. $4,650 paid at the end of 3 years and $9,750 paid at the end of 5 years. The discount rate is 9 percent.
c. $10,600 paid annually at the end of each of the next 4 years. The discount rate is 7 percent.
d. $2,040 paid annually at the end of each of the next 4 years and $4,080 paid at the end of the fifth year. The discount rate is 6 percent.
Fill the follwoing table:
a. Net present value
b. Net present value
c. Net present value
d. Net present value
The net present values are a.) -$9,366.26 b.) -$4,502.47 c.) -$7,858.61 d.) $939.53.
To calculate the net present value of $33,500 paid at the end of 4 years at a discount rate of 7 percent, we need to find the present value of each payment and add them up. Using the formula for the present value of a single amount:
Present value = Future value / (1 + discount rate) ^ number of periods
The present value of $33,500 paid at the end of 4 years is:
$33,500 / (1 + 0.07) ^ 4 = $24,133.74
Therefore, the net present value is:
Net present value = Present value of cash inflows - Present value of cash outflows
Net present value = $24,133.74 - $33,500
Net present value = -$9,366.26
To calculate the net present value of $4,650 paid at the end of 3 years and $9,750 paid at the end of 5 years at a discount rate of 9 percent, we can use the same formula as above to find the present value of each payment and add them up. The present value of each payment is:
$4,650 / (1 + 0.09) ^ 3 = $3,329.06
$9,750 / (1 + 0.09) ^ 5 = $6,568.47
Therefore, the net present value is:
Net present value = Present value of cash inflows - Present value of cash outflows
Net present value = $3,329.06 + $6,568.47 - $14,400
Net present value = -$4,502.47
To calculate the net present value of $10,600 paid annually at the end of each of the next 4 years at a discount rate of 7 percent, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity:
Present value = Annual payment x [1 - (1 + discount rate) ^ -number of periods] / discount rate
The present value of the annuity is:
$10,600 x [1 - (1 + 0.07) ^ -4] / 0.07 = $34,541.39
Therefore, the net present value is:
Net present value = Present value of cash inflows - Present value of cash outflows
Net present value = $34,541.39 - $42,400
Net present value = -$7,858.61
To calculate the net present value of $2,040 paid annually at the end of each of the next 4 years and $4,080 paid at the end of the fifth year at a discount rate of 6 percent, we can use the same formula as above to find the present value of each payment and add them up. The present value of each payment is:
$2,040 x [1 - (1 + 0.06) ^ -4] / 0.06 = $7,178.55
$4,080 / (1 + 0.06) ^ 5 = $2,760.98
Therefore, the net present value is:
Net present value = Present value of cash inflows - Present value of cash outflows
Net present value = $7,178.55 + $2,760.98 - $10,000
Net present value = $939.53
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How do firms maximize profits? A manufacturer of consumer electronics anticipates that due to a temporary spike in production cost, it will operate at a slight loss for three quarters (nine months) before returning to profitability. Nonetheless, the firm plans to keep production levels at the point where MR MC. Why? Click or tap a choice to answer the question Shifts in policy are possible only during periods of profitability. The same policy that maximizes profits will minimize losses. Decisions are based on profit or loss in the long run, not the short run. A different production level would involve the same variable costs
The correct answer is "The same policy that maximizes profits will minimize losses."
The firm plans to keep production levels at the point where MR=MC because maximizing profits is the goal of any business. Despite the expected losses in the short-term, they are willing to accept it because they know that the same policy that maximizes profits will minimize losses in the long run.
Therefore, decisions are based on the potential profit or loss in the long run, not just in the short run. Shifts in policy are possible only during periods of profitability. The firm plans to keep production levels at the point where MR=MC, due to the fact that the same policy that maximizes profits will minimize losses.
It is the best choice that they can make to minimize the loss that they are expected to incur in the next 3 quarters. Therefore, a firm maximizes profits by keeping production levels where MR (Marginal Revenue) = MC (Marginal Cost). When MR is equal to MC, it means that the firm is producing the optimal quantity of goods that will maximize profits.
They should produce more goods when MR is greater than MC, and they should produce fewer goods when MC is greater than MR.
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The balance sheet of Consolidated Paper, Inc., included the following shareholders’ equity accounts at December 31, 2017:
Paid-in capital: Preferred stock, 8.0%, 83,000 shares at $1 par $ 83,000 Common stock, 333,300 shares at $1 par 333,300 Paid-in capital—excess of par, preferred 1,455,000 Paid-in capital—excess of par, common 2,505,000 Retained earnings 8,345,000 Treasury stock, at cost; 3,300 common shares (36,300 )
Total shareholders' equity $ 12,685,000 During 2018, several events and transactions affected the retained earnings of Consolidated Paper.
Required:
1. Prepare the appropriate entries for these events.
On March 3 the board of directors declared a property dividend of 215,000 shares of Leasco International common stock that Consolidated Paper had purchased in January as an investment (book value: $632,000). The investment shares had a fair value of $3 per share and were distributed March 31 to shareholders of record March 15.
On May 3 a 5-for-4 stock split was declared and distributed. The stock split was effected in the form of a 25% stock dividend. The market value of the $1 par common stock was $11 per share.
On July 5 a 1% common stock dividend was declared and distributed. The market value of the common stock was $11 per share.
On December 1 the board of directors declared the 8.0% cash dividend on the 83,000 preferred shares, payable on December 28 to shareholders of record December 20.
On December 1 the board of directors declared a cash dividend of $0.40 per share on its common shares, payable on December 28 to shareholders of record December 20.
2. Prepare the shareholders' equity section of the balance sheet for Consolidated Paper, Inc., at December 31, 2018. Net income for the year was $730,000.
The information provided generate the journal entries given below
Journal Entries:
March 3:
Property dividend declaration:
Dividend Payable (215,000 shares * $3) 645,000
Investment in Leasco International Stock 632,000
Gain on Property Dividend 13,000
What are the records of other entries?May 3:
Stock split declaration:
Common Stock Dividend Distributable (333,300 shares * 25%) 83,325
Common Stock 83,325
July 5:
Common stock dividend declaration:
Common Stock Dividend Payable (333,300 shares * 1%) 3,333
Common Stock 3,333
December 1:
Preferred stock dividend declaration:
Preferred Dividend Payable (83,000 shares * 8% * $1) 66,400
Preferred Stock 66,400
Common stock dividend declaration:
Common Stock Dividend Payable (333,300 shares * $0.40) 133,320
Retained Earnings 133,320
Shareholders' Equity Section of Balance Sheet:
Paid-in capital:
Preferred stock, 8.0%, 83,000 shares at $1 par $ 83,000
Common stock, 416,625 shares at $1 par 416,625
Paid-in capital—excess of par, preferred 1,455,000
Paid-in capital—excess of par, common 2,505,000
Total paid-in capital $ 4,459,625
Retained earnings $ 9,057,353
Less: Treasury stock (36,300)
Total shareholders' equity $ 13,480,678
Note:
The 5-for-4 stock split resulted in an increase of 83,325 shares of common stock [(333,300 shares * 25%)/4].
The 1% common stock dividend resulted in an increase of 3,333 shares of common stock [(333,300 shares * 1%)/100].
The net income of $730,000 is not included in the shareholders' equity section of the balance sheet. It is included in the income statement.
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1. Abner Corporation's bonds mature in 18 years and pay 8
percent interest annually. If you purchase the bonds for $750,
what is your yield to maturity?
2. Calculate the value of a bond that
Hence, the bonds issued by Abner Corporate Bond have a yield to maturity of around 8.52%.
Describe a corporate bond.
Businesses sell corporate bonds to obtain money for a range of projects, including the construction of new facilities, the purchase of machinery, or expanding their businesses.
To calculate the present value of these future cash flows, we can use the formula for the present value of an annuity and the present value of a lump sum:
PV = [C / r] x [1 - (1 + r)⁻ⁿ] + FV / (1 + r)ⁿ
where:
PV = present value (market price) of the bond, which is $750
C = annual coupon payment, which is $60
r = yield to maturity (unknown)
n = number of years until maturity, which is 18
FV stands for the bond's $1,000 face value.
Substituting the values we know, we get:
$750 = [$60 / r] x [1 - (1 + r)⁻¹⁸] + $1000 / (1 + r)¹⁸
We can solve for r using trial and error or using a financial calculator or spreadsheet. Using a financial calculator, we can use the "IRR" or "YTM" function to find the yield to maturity, which is approximately 8.52%.
The bonds issued by Abner Corporate Bond have a yield to maturity of around 8.52%.
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Deferred Tax Example – Balance Sheet Classification of DTAs/DTLs
At the end of 2024, Bonny Company had a $50,000 Balance in its DTA and a $425,000 balance in its DTL. The tax rate for all years is 35%. An explanation of the items that composed these balances is as follows:
What if?
What if?
Temporary Differences Cumulative Temporary Differences DTA or DTL? DTA or DTL?
(causing DTAs or DTLs) (Amount) (Amount)
Excess tax depreciation over book. $45,000 of the temporary difference will reverse next year. $500,000 Litigation expense accrual on books, not allowed for tax purposes until paid. The lawsuit is expected to be settled and paid next year. $125,000 An investment was sold this year. We have a receivable from the buyer that will be paid over the next several years. The full sale is recognized now on books, but the installment method for tax. $180,000 of the temporary difference will be reversed next year. $562,500 Totals DTL DTA The tax rate for 2024 is 35%, and 30% beyond. How does this change the DTA & DTL Balances?
Expert Answer
At the end of 2024, Bonny Company had a $50,000 Balance in its DTA and a $425,000 balance in its DTL. The changes to the DTA and DTL balances is based on the amount and timing of the reversal of temporary differences (causing DTAs or DTLs) and the applicable tax rate.
The temporary differences of $45,000 for excess tax depreciation over book and $180,000 for the investment sale will reverse in 2025. As these amounts will be taxed at a rate of 30%, the resulting deferred taxes of $13,500 ($45,000 x 0.30) and $54,000 ($180,000 x 0.30) will increase the DTA balance by $67,500 ($13,500 + $54,000).
The temporary difference of $500,000 for litigation expense accrual will reverse in 2025 and will be taxed at the rate of 35%, resulting in a deferred tax of $175,000 ($500,000 x 0.35). This will increase the DTL balance by $175,000.
As a result, the DTA balance will increase to $117,500 ($50,000 + $67,500) and the DTL balance will increase to $600,000 ($425,000 + $175,000).
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On December 31, Year 1, JM Co. exchanged a used machine for a new machine from DP Inc. The used machine had a book value of $100,000 ($120,000 cost minus $20,000 accumulated depreciation) and a fair value of $90,000. The new machine had a list price of $150,000, and DP gave JM a trade-in allowance of $ 105,000, with the difference paid in cash. The exchange has commercial substance. Question How much should JM record as the cost of the new machine in Year 1? How much should JM record as a gain (loss), if any, in Year 1? ear 1?
The cost of the new machine recorded in Year 1 is $45,000. JM record a loss of $10,000 on the trade.
The cost of the new machine to JM Co. should be computed as follows:
New machine list price = $150,000
Less trade-in allowance = $105,000
Cash payment = $45,000 (calculated as $150,000 – $105,000)
Therefore, the cost of the new machine is $45,000.
When an exchange has commercial substance and no cash is involved, a gain or loss should be recognized. In this instance, a gain is recognized when the fair value of the asset received is more than the carrying value of the asset given up. A loss, on the other hand, is recognized when the fair value of the asset received is less than the carrying value of the asset given up.
Since the exchange has commercial substance, JM Co. must first determine whether it has a gain or loss on the trade. Gain on the trade is calculated as follows:
Fair value of the old machine given up = $90,000
Less book value of old machine given up = $100,000
Loss on trade = $10,000
Since the fair value of the old machine is less than its book value, a loss of $10,000 should be recorded. Thus, JM Co. should record a loss of $10,000 on the trade.
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Mark is a single father applying for a loan to buy a house of his own. Which of these items is a liability on a residential loan application?
a. motorcycle
b. savings account
c. cash
d. child support
Mark, a father who is unmarried, has applied for a loan to purchase a home. On a residential loan application, child support is listed as a liability.
What is a residential loan application?The mortgage industry uses a standardized loan application called the Universal Home Loan Application. Before a loan may be made between a lender and a borrower, this form, known as a 1003 form, requires that borrowers fill out all required information. Nearly all mortgage lenders in the US employ the Universal Residential Loan Application, often known as the 1003 mortgage application, as their standard form. When making an application for a mortgage loan, borrowers must complete this fundamental form or its counterpart, Form 65.You might need to complete an universal residential loan application when you apply for a mortgage to buy a house (URLA). To establish your qualification for a mortgage, the majority of lenders use this application.To learn more about residential loan application, refer to:
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A liability on a residential loan application is an item that can negatively impact an applicant's ability to repay the loan. In the case of Mark, the correct answer would be d. child support.
This is because child support is a monthly expense that Mark must pay, which can reduce his ability to repay the loan. Therefore, it is considered a liability on his loan application.
A liability is something that can negatively impact an applicant's ability to repay a loan. In the case of Mark, child support is a monthly expense that he must pay, which can reduce his ability to repay the loan.
Therefore, it is considered a liability on his loan application.
The other items listed, a motorcycle, savings account, and cash, are not considered liabilities because they do not have a negative impact on Mark's ability to repay the loan.
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If the team charges $10 per dream bag and sells all 100 bags how much revenue will they collect?
If the team sells all 100 bags how much profit will they make
(hint revenue - total cost = profit)
The team will make a profit of $400 if they sell all 100 bags for $10 each and spend $600 overall.
How are variable costs defined?Variable expenses will be costs that fluctuate in relation to the volume of labor and products that a business produces. To put it another way, these are costs that fluctuate based on the amount of activity. The costs go up when there are more activities, but they go down when there are fewer activities.
Assuming the group charges $10 per dream pack and sells each of the 100 sacks, their income will be:
If the team sells all 100 bags, they will make $1000 in revenue, which is calculated as follows: revenue = price per bag x number of bags sold x revenue = $10 x 100 revenue = $1000.
We need to know the total cost of making and selling the dream bags in order to figure out the profit. Let's say the total expense is $600.
Profit = Revenue - Total Profit
= $1000 - $600
Profit = $400
If the team sells all 100 bags for $10 each and has a total cost of $600, they will make a profit of $400.
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For several years, Baytown Rehabilita- tive Camp for Disabled Children (hereafter referred to as the camp) has ap- for an operating grant from the Baytown Area United Way. As the finance adviser for the local United Way allocation panel, it is your responsibility to financial the request for forthcoming year its audited statements. The camp's most recent comparative statement of finan- cial position and statement of activities are presented below. BAYTOWN REHABILITATIVE CAMP FOR DISABLED CHILDREN Statement of Financial Position December 31, 2017, and 2016 2017 2016 Assets Current assets Cash 36,802 12,248 Contributions receivable 28,728 16,372 Prepaid expenses 15,559 17,748 Total current assets 81,089 46,368
The Baytown Rehabilitative Camp for Disabled Children's statement of financial position shows an increase in total current assets from $46,368 in 2016 to $81,089 in 2017.
This increase is primarily due to an increase in cash and contributions receivable. The camp has also decreased its prepaid expenses from $17,748 in 2016 to $15,559 in 2017. Overall, the increase in current assets indicates a positive financial position for the camp.
However, it is important to note that without a full analysis of the camp's revenue and expenses, it is difficult to determine the sustainability of this financial position. The United Way allocation panel should consider requesting additional financial information before making a decision on the grant request.
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Return on Investment and Investment Decisions
Leslie Blandings, division manager of Audiotech Inc., was debating the merits of a new product—a weather radio that would put out a warning if the county in which the listener lived were under a severe thunderstorm or tornado alert.
The budgeted income of the division was $775,000 with operating assets of $5,125,000. The proposed investment would add income of $640,000 and would require an additional investment in equipment of $4,000,000. The minimum required return on investment for the company is 15%.
Required:
1. Compute the ROI of the following (round to the nearest whole percent):
a. The division if the radio project is not undertaken. fill in the blank 1 %
b. The radio project alone. fill in the blank 2 %
c. The division if the radio project is undertaken. fill in the blank 3 %
2. Compute the residual income of the following:
a. The division if the radio project is not undertaken. $fill in the blank 4
b. The radio project alone. $fill in the blank 5
c. The division if the radio project is undertaken. $fill in the blank 6
3. This depends on whether Leslie’s division is evaluated on the basis of ROI or on the basis of residual income. Overall division ROI wills
decreaseincrease
; so if ROI is the basis for evaluation, she will
acceptdecline
the investment. On the other hand, residual income for the project is
positivenegative
and will
raisereduce
overall residual income. If the division is evaluated on the basis of residual income, the project will be
accepteddeclined
It is important to understand Return on Investment (ROI). ROI is the percentage of profit made from an investment relative to the amount of money invested.
It is calculated by subtracting the investment cost from the income and then dividing by the investment cost.
Explanation:
1. Compute the ROI of the following (round to the nearest whole percent):
a. The division if the radio project is not undertaken.
c. The division if the radio project is undertaken.
3. This depends on whether Leslie’s division is evaluated on the basis of ROI or on the basis of residual income. Overall division ROI will decrease; so if ROI is the basis for evaluation, she will decline the investment. On the other hand, residual income for the project is positive and will raise overall residual income. If the division is evaluated on the basis of residual income, the project will be accepted.
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