Determine the point estate of the population proportion, the margins of one for the following confidence interval, orderumber of individuals in the sample with the specited character,fpr the sample scine providect
Lower bound=0082. upper bound - 0.338, n=1200
The point estimats of the population proportion 0215
(Round to the nearest thouth as needed)
the margin error' is 0,123
(Round to the neareal thousander, as needed)
The number of individuals in the sample with the spected characteristics is
(Round to the nearest adeger as needed)

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

1, 3 and 4

The value of the sides are;

CB = 13.8

CD = 6. 9

To determine the value of the sides of the triangle, we need to know the different trigonometric identities are;

From the information given, we have that;

Using the sine identity, we have that;

tan 60 = CD/4

cross multiply the values, we have;

CD = 4(1.73)

multiply the values

CD = 6.9

To determine the value;

sin 30 = 6.9/CB

CB = 13.8

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We can say with 99% confidence that the true mean price of all transactions is between $2,799.16 and $3,000.84.

To obtain a 99% confidence interval for the mean price of all transactions, we can use the formula:

CI =  ± z*(σ/√n)

Where:
= sample mean price = 2900 dollars
σ = population standard deviation = 290 dollars
n = sample size = 30
z = z-score for a 99% confidence level = 2.576 (from the standard normal distribution table)

Substituting these values into the formula, we get:

CI = 2900 ± 2.576*(290/√30)
CI = 2900 ± 100.84
CI = (2799.16, 3000.84)

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The two positive numbers with a product of 242 and the smallest possible sum of one number and twice the second number are 11 and 22.

To find two positive numbers with a product of 242, we can start by finding the prime factorization of 242, which is 2 x 11 x 11. From this, we know that the two numbers we're looking for must be a combination of these factors.

To minimize the sum of one number and twice the second number, we need to choose the two factors that are closest in value. In this case, that would be 11 and 22 (twice 11). So the two positive numbers we're looking for are 11 and 22.

To check that these numbers have a product of 242, we can multiply them together: 11 x 22 = 242.

Now we need to check that the sum of 11 and twice 22 is smaller than the sum of any other combination of factors. The sum of 11 and twice 22 is 55. If we try any other combination of factors, the sum will be larger. For example, if we chose 2 and 121 (11 x 11), the sum would be 244.

Therefore, the two positive numbers with a product of 242 and the smallest possible sum of one number and twice the second number are 11 and 22.

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Answer:

m = - 3 , b = 5

Step-by-step explanation:

calculate the slope m using the slope formula

m = [tex]\frac{y_{2}-y_{1} }{x_{2}-x_{1} }[/tex]

with (x₁, y₁ ) = (0, 5) and (x₂, y₂ ) = (2, - 1) ← 2 points on the line

m = [tex]\frac{-1-5}{2-0}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{-6}{2}[/tex] = - 3

the y- intercept b is the value of y on the y- axis where the line crosses

that is b = 5

Answer:

b = 5

m = -3

Step-by-step explanation:

y-intercept is where the line intersects the y-axis. So, the line intersects at (0,5).

So, y-intercept = b = 5

       Choose two points on the line: (0,5) and (1,2)

 x₁ = 0    ; y₁ = 5

  x₂ = 1    ; y₂ = 2

Substitute the points in the below formula to find the slope.

                [tex]\sf \boxed{\bf Slope =\dfrac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1}}[/tex]

                            [tex]= \dfrac{2-5}{1-0}\\\\=\dfrac{-3}{1}[/tex]

                        [tex]\boxed{\bf m = -3}[/tex]

The probability that at least two of the kittens will be chocolate brown is 0.3087.

We have,

Number of kittens = 5

Each kitten has a 30% chance of being chocolate brown.

So, p = 0.5 and q= 1-0.3 = 0.7

Now, P(X =2) = C( 5, 2) 0.3² (0.7)³

= 5! / 2!3! (0.09) (0.343)

= 10 x 0.03087

= 0.3087

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According to Financial experts you should save between 10% to 15% of your annual income for retirement. For a salary of $79,000/year, the minimum saved should be between $790,000 to $948,000.

Financial experts generally recommend that you should aim to save between 10% to 15% of your income each year for retirement. For a salary of $79,000 per year, this means saving between $7,900 to $11,850 annually.

Assuming you have been saving for retirement throughout your working years and are ready to retire, financial experts suggest that you should have saved at least 10 to 12 times your current annual income to maintain your pre-retirement standard of living. Therefore, the minimum you should have saved in retirement accounts is

$79,000 x 10 = $790,000 (using the conservative end of the range)

or

$79,000 x 12 = $948,000 (using the more aggressive end of the range)

Therefore, the minimum you should have saved in retirement accounts if you are currently making $79,000/year is between $790,000 to $948,000, depending on the end of the range you choose to follow.

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If this is a sample of 4 scores, then By using the definitional formula, SS equals 5. Your answer: 5.

Using the definitional formula, SS can be calculated as:

SS = ∑(x - X)2

where X is the sample mean.

To find X, we can use the formula:

X = ∑x / n

where n is the sample size.

Given that ∑x = 22 and n = 4, we can calculate X as:

X = 22 / 4 = 5.5

Now, we'll plug these values into the formula:

SS = 126 - (22)² / 4

Calculate (∑x)² / n:

(22)² / 4 = 484 / 4 = 121
Now we can plug in the values into the formula for SS:

SS = ∑(x - X)2
  = (1-5.5)2 + (2-5.5)2 + (3-5.5)2 + (4-5.5)2
  = (-4.5)2 + (-3.5)2 + (-2.5)2 + (-1.5)2
  = 20.5

Therefore, SS equals 20.5.

So, using the definitional formula, SS equals 5. Your answer: 5.

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The probability that a randomly selected adult has an IQ greater than 133.2 is 0.0436 or 4.36%.

To find the probability that a randomly selected adult has an IQ greater than 133.2, assuming adults have IQ scores that are normally distributed with a mean of 97.6 and a standard deviation of 20.9, follow these steps:

1. Calculate the z-score: z = (X - μ) / σ, where X is the IQ score, μ is the mean, and σ is the standard deviation.
  z = (133.2 - 97.6) / 20.9
  z ≈ 1.71

2. Use a z-table or a calculator to find the area to the left of the z-score, which represents the probability of having an IQ score lower than 133.2.
  P(Z < 1.71) ≈ 0.9564

3. Since we want the probability of having an IQ greater than 133.2, subtract the area to the left of the z-score from 1.
  P(Z > 1.71) = 1 - P(Z < 1.71) = 1 - 0.9564 = 0.0436

So, the probability that a randomly selected adult has an IQ greater than 133.2 is approximately 0.0436 or 4.36%.

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The probability that the sample mean will be within $500 of the population mean is approximately 0.3982 (or 39.82% when expressed as a percentage) to 4 decimal places.

To find the answers using the z-table, we need to calculate the standard error of the mean and then use it to determine the probability.

a. The standard error of the mean (SE) is calculated using the formula:

SE = σ / sqrt(n),

where σ is the standard deviation and n is the sample size.

Given that the standard deviation is $8,500 and the sample size is 80, we can calculate the standard error of the mean:

SE = 8,500 / sqrt(80) ≈ 950.77.

Rounding to the nearest whole number, the value of the standard error of the mean is 951.

b. To find the probability that the sample mean will be more than $29,000, we need to calculate the z-score and then look up the corresponding probability in the z-table.

The z-score is calculated using the formula:

z = (x - μ) / SE,

where x is the sample mean, μ is the population mean, and SE is the standard error of the mean.

In this case, x = $29,000, μ = population mean (unknown), and SE = 951.

Since the population mean is unknown, we assume that it is equal to the sample mean.

z = (29,000 - 29,000) / 951 = 0.

Looking up the probability in the z-table for a z-score of 0 (which corresponds to the mean), we find that the probability is 0.5000.

However, since we want the probability that the sample mean will be more than $29,000, we need to find the area to the right of the z-score. This is equal to 1 - 0.5000 = 0.5000.

Therefore, the probability that the sample mean will be more than $29,000 is 0.50 (or 50% when expressed as a percentage) to 2 decimal places.

To find the probability that the sample mean will be within $500 of the population mean, we need to calculate the z-scores for the upper and lower limits and then find the area between these z-scores using the z-table.

c. Let's assume the population mean is equal to the sample mean, which is $29,000. We want to find the probability that the sample mean falls within $500 of this value.

The upper limit is $29,000 + $500 = $29,500, and the lower limit is $29,000 - $500 = $28,500.

To calculate the z-scores for these limits, we use the formula:

z = (x - μ) / SE,

where x is the limit value, μ is the population mean, and SE is the standard error of the mean.

For the upper limit:

z_upper = ($29,500 - $29,000) / 951 ≈ 0.526

For the lower limit:

z_lower = ($28,500 - $29,000) / 951 ≈ -0.526

Now, we look up the probabilities associated with these z-scores in the z-table. The area between the z-scores represents the probability that the sample mean will be within $500 of the population mean.

Using the z-table, we find that the probability corresponding to z = 0.526 is approximately 0.6991, and the probability corresponding to z = -0.526 is approximately 0.3009.

The probability that the sample mean will be within $500 of the population mean is the difference between these two probabilities:

Probability = 0.6991 - 0.3009 ≈ 0.3982.

Therefore, the probability that the sample mean will be within $500 of the population mean is approximately 0.3982 (or 39.82% when expressed as a percentage) to 4 decimal places.

To determine how the probability would change if the sample size were increased to 120, we need the population standard deviation (σ). Unfortunately, the value of the population standard deviation was not provided.

The population standard deviation is a crucial parameter for calculating the standard error of the mean (SE) and determining the probability associated with the sample mean falling within a certain range around the population mean.

Without knowing the population standard deviation, we cannot calculate the new standard error of the mean or determine the exact change in the probability. The population standard deviation is necessary to estimate the precision of the sample mean and quantify the spread of the population values.

In general, as the sample size increases, the standard error of the mean decreases, resulting in a narrower distribution of sample means. This reduction in standard error typically leads to a higher probability of the sample mean falling within a specific range around the population mean.

To determine the specific change in the probability, we would need to know the population standard deviation (σ). Without that information, we cannot provide a precise answer to part (d) of the question.

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The coordinate point (8, -15) is lies in fourth quadrant.

The given coordinate point is (8, -15).

Part A: Here, x-coordinate is positive that is 8 and the y-coordinate is negative that is -15.

Quadrant IV: The bottom right quadrant is the fourth quadrant, denoted as Quadrant IV. In this quadrant, the x-axis has positive numbers and the y-axis has negative numbers.

So, the point lies in IV quadrant.

Part B:

Here r²=x²+y²

r²=8²+(-15)²

r²=64+225

r²=289

r=√289

r=17 units

So, the radius is 17 units

Therefore, the coordinate point (8, -15) is lies in fourth quadrant.

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The average speed of the train is both greater than or equal to 2.3928 km/minute and less than or equal to 3.3567 km/minute.

To find the average speed of the train, we divide the distance traveled by the time taken:

Average speed = distance / time

= 503 km / 180 minutes

= 2.7944... km/minute

Since the distance is measured correct to the nearest kilometer, the actual distance could be as low as 502.5 km or as high as 503.5 km. Similarly, since the time is measured correct to the nearest minute, the actual time taken could be as low as 2.5 hours or as high as 3.5 hours.

To find the maximum average speed, we assume that the distance traveled is 503.5 km and the time taken is 2.5 hours.

Maximum average speed = 503.5 km / 150 minutes = 3.3567... km/minute

To find the minimum average speed, we assume that the distance traveled is 502.5 km and the time taken is 3.5 hours.

Minimum average speed = 502.5 km / 210 minutes = 2.3928... km/minute

Therefore, the average speed of the train is both greater than or equal to 2.3928 km/minute and less than or equal to 3.3567 km/minute.

Rounding to two decimal places, the average speed of the train is 2.79 km/minute.

Reason: Both 2.79 km/minute and the minimum and maximum average speeds are correct to the nearest hundredth of a kilometer per minute and take into account the maximum possible error in the measurements.

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There are 15 children’s tickets were sold.

Given that;

At a local carnival, kid's tickets cost $10 apiece and adult tickets cost $20 apiece.

And, These are the only two types of tickets sold. At the recent show, 29 total tickets were sold for a total revenue of $430.

Let number of children’s tickets = x

And, Number of adult tickets = y

Hence, We can formulate;

⇒ x + y = 29 .. (i)

And, 10x + 20y = 430

⇒ x + 2y = 43

⇒ x = 43 - 2y

Plug above value in (i);

⇒ x + y = 29

⇒ 43 - 2y + y = 29

⇒ 43 - 29 = y

⇒ y = 14

From (i);

⇒ x + y = 29

⇒ x + 14 = 29

⇒ x = 29 - 14

⇒ x = 15

Thus, There are 15 children’s tickets were sold.

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The likelihood of randomly selecting a terrier from the shelter would be unlikely. That is option B

The formula that can be used to determine the probability of a selected event is given as follows;

Probability = possible event/sample space.

The possible sample space for terriers = 15%

Therefore the remaining sample space goes for Labradors and Golden Retrievers which is = 75%

Therefore, the probability of selecting the terriers at random is unlikely when compared with other dogs.

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Answer:

1/4

Step-by-step explanation:

it came to me in a dream.

1/4 or 25% is the probability that the randomly selected point is in the bullseye.

Probability is a number that expresses the likelihood or chance that a specific event will take place. Both proportions ranging from 0 to 1 and percentages ranging from 0% to 100% can be used to describe probabilities.

The area of the bullseye is the area of the inner circle with a radius of 4 cm. Similarly, the area of the entire target is the area of the outer circle with a radius of 8 cm.

The area of a circle is given by the formula A = πr², where A is the area and r is the radius.

Therefore, the area of the bullseye is:

A_bullseye = π(4 cm)² = 16π cm²

And the area of the entire target is:

A_target = π(8 cm)² = 64π cm²

So, the probability that the randomly selected point is in the bullseye is the ratio of the area of the bullseye to the area of the target:

P(bullseye) = A_bullseye / A_target

P(bullseye) = (16π cm²) / (64π cm²)

P(bullseye) = 1/4

Therefore, the probability that the randomly selected point is in the bullseye is 1/4 or 25%.

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The answers are:

(a) f is decreasing on (-∞, 0) and increasing on (0, ∞).

(b) f is concave up on (-∞, ∞).

(c) Local minimum value at x = 0, local maximum value DNE.

(d) Global minimum value is -2 at x = -1, global maximum value is 22 at x = 2.

(e) There are no points of inflection.

(a) To find where the function is increasing or decreasing, we need to find the critical points and test the intervals between them:

[tex]f(x) = x^4 + 3x^3 + 3x^2\\f'(x) = 4x^3 + 9x^2 + 6x[/tex]

Setting f'(x) = 0, we get:

[tex]0 = 2x(2x^2 + 3x + 3)[/tex]

The quadratic factor has no real roots, so the only critical point is x = 0.

We can test the intervals (-∞, 0) and (0, ∞) to find where f is increasing or decreasing:

For x < 0, f'(x) is negative, so f is decreasing.

For x > 0, f'(x) is positive, so f is increasing.

Therefore, f is decreasing on (-∞, 0) and increasing on (0, ∞).

(b) To find where the function is concave up or concave down, we need to find the inflection points:

f''(x) =[tex]12x^2 + 18x + 6[/tex]

Setting f''(x) = 0, we get:

0 = [tex]6(x^2 + 3x + 1)[/tex]

The quadratic factor has no real roots, so there are no inflection points.

Since the second derivative is always positive, f is concave up everywhere.

(c) To find the local extreme values, we need to find the critical points and determine their nature:

f'(x) = [tex]4x^3 + 9x^2 + 6x[/tex]

At x = 0, f'(0) = 0 and f''(0) = 6, so this is a local minimum.

There are no local maximum values.

(d) To find the global extreme values on [-1, 2], we need to check the endpoints and the critical points:

f(-1) = -2, f(0) = 0, f(2) = 22

The global minimum value is -2 at x = -1, and the global maximum value is 22 at x = 2.

(e) To find the points of inflection, we need to find where the concavity changes:

Since there are no inflection points, there are no points of inflection.

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The word “element” is defined as the items in a set

From the question, we have the following parameters that can be used in our computation:

The word “element”

By definition, the word “element” is defined as the items in a set

Take for instance, we have

A = {1, 2, 3}

The set is set A and the elements are 1, 2 and 3

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The two atoms are of elements in the same group in the periodic table include the following: D. Atom 1 and Atom 2.

In Chemistry, a periodic table can be defined as an organized tabular array of all the chemical elements that are typically arranged in order of increasing atomic number (number of protons), in rows.

In Chemistry, valence electrons can be defined as the number of electrons that are present in the outermost shell of an atom of a specific chemical element.

In this context, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that both Atom 1 and Atom 2 represent chemical elements that are in the same group in the periodic table because they have the same valence electrons of six (6).

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Complete Question:

A student is studying the ways different elements are similar to one another. Diagrams of atoms from four different elements are shown below.

Which two atoms are of elements in the same group in the periodic table?

Step-by-step explanation:

Using z-score table the value is    .9793     (97.93 %)

The approximate percentage error is 22.1514%.

Formulate:  (427.53−350)÷350

Calculate the sum or difference: 77.53/350

Multiply both the numerator and denominator with the same integer:

7753/35000

Rewrite a fraction as a decimal: 0.221514

Multiply a number to both the numerator and the denominator:

0.221514×100/100

Write as a single fraction: 0.221514×100/100

Calculate the product or quotient: 22.1514/100

Rewrite a fraction with denominator equals 100 to a percentage:

22.1514%

Percent error is the difference between estimated value and the actual value in comparison to the actual value and is expressed as a percentage. In other words, the percent error is the relative error multiplied by 100.

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The probability between 2 and 5 is P(2 ≤ X ≤ 5) = 0.285 + 0.296 + 0.179 + 0.066 = 0.826. We can expect around 5 customers out of 50 to qualify for the membership.

The standard deviation of the number of customers who qualify for the membership in a randomly selected sample of 50 customers is 1.5. This tells us that the distribution of X is relatively narrow and tightly clustered around the expected value of 5.

A) To find the probability that between 2 and 5 (inclusive) out of 20 randomly selected customers qualify for the membership, we can use the binomial distribution formula: P(2 ≤ X ≤ 5) = P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) + P(X = 4) + P(X = 5)

where X is the number of customers who qualify for the membership. We can calculate each probability using the binomial distribution formula:

P(X = k) =

[tex]n choose k) * p^k * (1 - p)^(n - k)[/tex]

where n is the sample size, k is the number of successes, and p is the probability of success. In this case, n = 20, k = 2, 3, 4, 5, and p = 0.1. Plugging these values into the formula, we get: P(X = 2) =

[tex](20 choose 2) * 0.1^2 * 0.9^18 = 0.285[/tex]

P(X = 3) =

[tex] (20 choose 3) * 0.1^3 * 0.9^17 = 0.296[/tex]

P(X = 4) =

[tex] (20 choose 4) * 0.1^4 * 0.9^16 = 0.179[/tex]

P(X = 5) =

[tex](20 choose 5) * 0.1^5 * 0.9^15 = 0.066[/tex]

B) To find the expected number and standard deviation of the number who qualify in a randomly selected sample of 50 customers, we can use the binomial distribution again. The expected value of X is given by: E(X) =

[tex]n * p[/tex]

where n = 50 and p = 0.1. Plugging these values in, we get: E(X) =

[tex]50 * 0.1[/tex]

= 5 The standard deviation of X is given by: SD(X) =

[tex] \sqrt{} (n \times p \times (1 - p))[/tex]

Plugging in n = 50 and p = 0.1, we get: SD(X) = sqrt(50 * 0.1 * 0.9) = 1.5

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The calculated test statistic is 0.571. P 0.5, the null hypothesis.

A one-tailed z-test can be used to verify the assertion that there is a higher than 50% chance of the home side winning.

p > 0.5, where p is the percentage of football games won by the home team in the population.

The test statistic is calculated as:

(p - p) / (p(1-p) / n) = z

If n = 53 is the sample size, p = 0.5 is the hypothesized population proportion, and p is the sample fraction of football games won by the home team.

The percentage of the sample is p = 27/53 = 0.5094.

The calculated test statistic is:

z = (0.5094 - 0.5) / √(0.5(1-0.5) / 53) = 0.571

We determine the p-value for this test to be 0.2826 using a calculator or a table of the normal distribution as a reference.

We are unable to reject the null hypothesis since the p-value is higher than the significance level of 0.05. Therefore, at the 5% level of significance, we lack sufficient data to draw the conclusion that there is a better than 50% chance of the home team winning.

The calculated test statistic is:

z = (0.5094 - 0.5) / √(0.5(1-0.5) / 53)

= 0.571

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The three pairs of fraction whose sum is 3/5 are

We have to find pairs of fractions that have a sum of 3/5.

First pair:

1/5 + 2/5

= 3/5

Second pair:

= -2/5 + 1

= -2/5+ 5/5

= 3/5

Third pair:

= -6/5 + 9/5

= 3/5

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Step-by-step explanation:

Total cost will be

$ 73.56   + 7% of 73.56

$ 73.56 + .07 * $73.56

(1.07) ( 73.56) = $ 78 . 71

In the given scenario, the nominal variables are Taia's income, the price of a digital movie rental, and the price of an americano. The real variables would be Taia's income adjusted for inflation, the real price of a digital movie rental, and the real price of an americano.

To calculate the real value of a variable, we need to adjust it for inflation using a suitable price index. As the question does not provide any information about inflation, we cannot calculate the real value of any variable.

Therefore, none of the options given in the question would give the real value of a variable.
Hi! I'd be happy to help you with this question. In the context of the classical dichotomy, real variables are quantities or values that are adjusted for inflation, while nominal variables are unadjusted values.

In the given scenario, Taia spends her income on digital movie rentals and americanos. We have the following information for 2016:

1. Hourly wage: $28.00 (nominal variable)
2. Price of a digital movie rental: $7.00 (nominal variable)
3. Price of an americano: $4.00 (nominal variable)

To determine the real value of a variable, we need to adjust these nominal values for inflation. However, the question does not provide any information about the inflation rate or a base year for comparison. Thus, we cannot calculate the real values for these variables in this scenario.

In summary, we do not have enough information to determine the real value of any variable in this case. Please provide the inflation rate or base year if you'd like me to help you calculate the real values.

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In the given case equation P(A|B) = 0.6 means that the probability of choosing blue marble after red removed in 0.6

Let the event where the second marble chosen is blue be = B

Therefore, the Probability P(B|A) =0.6

Bayes' Theorem states that the likelihood of the second event given the first event multiplied by the probability of the first event equals the conditional probability of an event dependent on the occurrence of another event.

In the given case,

P(A|B) = probability of occurrence of A given B has already occurred.

P(B|A) = probability of occurrence of B given A has already occurred.

Therefore,

P(A|B) = P(B|A) P(A)/ P(B)

The likelihood of selecting a blue marble after removing a red stone is 0.6, which is how the probability P(B|A)=0.6 is defined.

Complete question:

John has a bag of red and blue marbles. John chooses 2 marbles without replacing the first. Let A be the event where the first marble chosen is red. Let B be the event where the second marble chosen is blue. What does equation P(A|B) = 0.6 mean ?

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Answer: 2

Step-by-step explanation:

The minimum sample size needed to construct a 95% confidence interval with a margin of error of 0.06 for the population proportion supporting candidate A is 268 residents.

To find the minimum sample size for a 95% confidence interval on the population proportion supporting candidate A, we'll need to use the following terms: sample size (n), population proportion (p), margin of error (E), and confidence level (z-score).

First, let's determine the proportion supporting candidate A from the preselected poll:
100 residents - 22 (supporting B) - 14 (supporting C) = 64 (supporting A)
So, the proportion p = 64/100 = 0.64.

For a 95% confidence interval, the z-score is 1.96 (found using a standard normal distribution table or calculator).

Now, we can use the formula for sample size calculation:
n = (z² × p × (1-p)) / E²

Substituting the values:
n = (1.96² × 0.64 × 0.36) / 0.06²
n ≈ 267.24

Since sample size must be a whole number, we round up to the nearest whole number, which is 268.

Therefore, the minimum sample size needed to construct a 95% confidence interval with a margin of error of 0.06 for the population proportion supporting candidate A is 268 residents.

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The description of the parabola of the quadratic function is:

It opens downwards and is thinner than the parent function

The general formula for expressing a quadratic equation in standard form is:

y = ax² + bx + c

Quadratic equation In vertex form is:

y = a(x − h)² + k .

In both forms, y is the y -coordinate, x is the x -coordinate, and a is the constant that tells you whether the parabola is facing up ( + a ) or down ( − a ), (h, k) are coordinates of the vertex

In this case, a is negative and as such it indicates that it opens downwards and is thinner than the parent function

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Answer:

A sample is a subset of the population.