Mendel contemplated two other theories for how two characteristics might diverge during gamete formation:
1. According to the blending theory, when two people with distinct qualities unite, the resultant offspring will combine both traits in an equal amount. For instance, the offspring of a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant will produce pink flowers.
2. According to this idea, genes are small, discrete units (particles) that when two people with different traits mate, their kids will either inherit one or the other trait. For instance, the child of a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant will have either red or white flowers, but not both.
Mendel experimented on pea plants to verify these theories. He crossed plants that were true-breeding for various qualities, such as tall plants with small plants and purple-flowered plants with white-flowered plants, and he looked at the inheritance patterns in the progeny. He discovered that his results supported the particulate hypothesis because the qualities were inherited in a predictable, Mendelian manner (i.e. dominant and recessive genes). His data did not support the blending theory because the kids did not exhibit a blend of both features.
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Suppose you had four colors of modeling clay. What steps could you take to make a model of the colorful rock found on Crete? Describe the forces you would use in the process
It is crucial to remember that the finished output will be a model rather than an exact reproduction of the rock. The final sculpture will be an artistic depiction of the rock utilising the colours of clay you have on hand.
You would need to follow these procedures to create a replica of the vibrant rock seen in Crete using modelling clay: The modelling clay should be divided into four equal pieces, each of which should be coloured differently. Each colourful piece of clay should be rolled and flattened into a thin sheet using your hands. As desired, mix the colours together. To mould and shape the layered clay into the desired rock shape, use little pressure. On the rock's surface, use a tool to add textures and features. Physical force, such as pressing and sculpting the clay with your hands and tools, and cohesive forces between the clay particles are the major forces employed in this procedure.
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what volume did the methane gas occupy in the erlenmeyer flask before the syringe was attached to the flask?
When the gas syringe gets inserted into and attached to the Erlenmeyer flask which contains the methane gas, the gas expands and enters the gas syringe.
Charles law states that the volume which is occupied by an ideal gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature at constant pressure conditions. It also sometimes known as the law of volumes as it also describes how gases are able to expand with increase in temperature.
When a syringe is inserted into the Erlenmeyer flask which contains the methane gas, some of that gas in the flask expands and enters into the syringe.
--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"What happens after the gas syringe is inserted into the Erlenmeyer flask containing the methane gas?"--
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A Maillard Reaction occurs when proteins and sugars break down and rearrange themselves into ring-like structures that reflect light. What does this do for foods like cookies, turkeys, and burgers?
The Maillard reaction creates brown pigments in cooked meat in a very specific way: by rearranging amino acids and certain simple sugars, which then arrange themselves in rings and collections of rings that reflect light in such a way as to give the meat a brown color.
The advanced Maillard reaction involves breaking down the Amadori product into a variety of fission products that are composed of the sugar-amino complex. In the ultimate Maillard reaction, amino compounds and sugar fragments condense to form polymerized proteins and brown pigments called melanoidins. In the Maillard reaction, an organic chemical process, reducing sugars and amino acids combine to create a complex brew of chemicals. The distinct flavour and aroma of browned food are the result of this process. The French chemist Louis Camille Maillard's name is associated with the Maillard reaction.
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How many moles of hydrogen are produced if reacted with 0.605 moles of sodium in this reaction?
2Na + 2 H2O → 2 NaOH + H2
The number of moles of hydrogen produced if reacted with 0.605 moles of sodium in the reaction is 0.3025 moles.
How to calculate number of moles?Stoichiometry is the study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations).
According to this question, sodium reacts with water to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas as follows:
2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂
Based on the reaction above, 1 moles of hydrogen is produced by the reaction of 2 moles of sodium.
Hence, 0.605 moles of sodium will react to produce 0.3025 moles of hydrogen.
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The steps done and develops human skills or builds structures to reduce risk you are doing
The steps done and develops human skills or builds structures to reduce risk you are doing is a. capacity building.
The capacity building is the process of the developing the skill or the strengthening the skills. There are the four steps in the capacity building.
1) Needs the assessment
2) Design
3) Implementation
4) Monitoring
These are process to reduce the risk of what you are doing. The capacity building includes the leadership developments. The capacity budling consist of the training and the mentorships.
Thus the capacity budling is The steps done and develops human skills or builds structures to reduce risk you are doing
This question is incomplete, the complete question is :
The step done and develops human skills or builds structures to reduce risks you are doing.
a. capacity building
b. training
c. facility constructing
d. skills honing
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An aqueous solution of hydrogen
peroxide, H₂O₂, decomposes to
form water and oxygen gas. Write
a balanced symbol equation,
including state symbols, for this
reaction.
When hydrogen peroxide
decomposes, what mass of
hydrogen peroxide is needed
in solution to produce 1.6g of
Oxygen gas?
According to the equation, hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution breaks down upon heat to produce oxygen: 2H2O2(aq)→2H2O(l)+O2(g).
To make 1.6g of oxygen gas, 34g of hydrogen peroxide must be in solution.
equation:
2H2O2 —————— O2 to 2H2O mole ratio is 2: 2: 1 RMM of O2 - (16*2) = 32 RFM of H2O2 - (1*2) + (16*2) = 34
1 Mole of O2 in 32 g? 1.6 g 1.6/32 = 0.5 moles
0.5*2 = 1 MOLE OF H2O2 and 34*34 = 34 g.
A hydrogen's position.It is mainly present in Jupiter, and is present in the sun and the majority of stars. Water is where hydrogen is found most frequently on Earth. It only occurs as a gas in the atmosphere at trace concentrations, less than 1 part per minute by volume.
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a 140.0 g sample of water at 20.0 °c is mixed with 100.0 g of a certain metal at 95.0 °c. after thermal equilibrium was established, the temperature of the mixture is 24.6 °c. what is the specific heat capacity of the metal?
Specific heat capacity of the metal by the given values is 5.389 J/ g°C
Mass of water = 140.0 g
Initial temperature of water = 20.0°C
Mass of a certain metal = 100.0 g
Initial temperature of metal = 100.0°C
Final temperature of water and metal = 95.0°C
Since the metal is at a higher initial temperature it will lose heat and the water having a lower initial temperature will gain heat.
Thus, heat lost by metal = Heat gained by water
formula: (mass metal )(initialT - finalT)( Cp metal ) = ( mass water )(finalT- initalT)( Cp water)
After plugging in the given data we get,
(100.0 g )(100.0 °C -95.0°C)( Cp metal) = (140.0g )(24.6°C-20.0°C) (4.184 J/g°C)
(100.0g )(5.0C)( Cp metal )=(140.0g )(4.6°C)(4.184 J/g°C)
(500 g°C) (Cp metal) = 2694.5 J
(Cp metal) =5.389 J/ g°C
Thus, specific heat capacity(Cp) of metal = 5.389 J/ g°C
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How many mL of butane would you
add to hexane to make 750 mL of a
25.0% by volume butane solution?
Considering the definition of volume percentage, 187.5 mL of butane you would add to hexane to make 750 mL of a 25.0% by volume butane solution
Volume percentageVolume Percentage is defined as the ratio of the volume of the component to the volume of the solution, expressed as a percentage. That is, it refers to the volume of solute per 100 volume units of the solution.
The volume percentage of a solution is determined by the following expression:
Volume Percentage= (volume of solute÷ volume of solution) ×100%
Volume of butaneIn this case, you know:
volume percentage= 25 %volume of solute= ?volume of solution= 750 mLReplacing in the definition of volume percentage:
25%= (volume of solute÷ 750 mL) ×100%
Solving:
25%÷ 100%= volume of solute÷ 750 mL
0.25= volume of solute÷ 750 mL
0.25× 750 mL= volume of solute
187.5 mL= volume of solute
Finally, the volume of butane in the solution is 187.5 mL.
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The density of ether is 0.714 g/mL. What is the mass of 1.45 L of ether?
The mass of 1.45 L of ether is
4.9 x 10^-7 kg
It is given that
density of ether = 0.714 g/mL
volume of ether = 1.45 L = 1450 ml
We have to find mass of 1.45 L of ether
Density is the measurement of how tightly a material is packed together. It is defined as the mass per unit volume. Density Symbol, D or ρ Density Formula ρ = m/V, where ρ is the density, m is the mass of the object and V is the volume of the object.
Density = Mass/Volume
0.714 g/mL = Mass/1450 ml
Mass = 0.00049 gram
Mass = 4.9 x 10^-7 kg
Hence, mass of 1.45 L of ether is
4.9 x 10^-7 kg
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Question 1: How many molecules are there in 67g of CO2?
Question2: What is the mass of 3.01 x 1023 atoms of FeO? Round to two decimal places.
Question3: If a sample contained 9.65 x 1023 atoms of iodine, how many grams would this be? Round to one decimal point.
1. The number of molecules in 67g of CO2 can be calculated using the molar mass of CO2, which is 44.01 g/mol. To find the number of molecules, we divide the mass of CO2 (67g) by the molar mass of CO2 (44.01 g/mol). This gives us: 67g / 44.01 g/mol = 1.52 x 10^23 molecules of CO2.
2. The mass of 3.01 x 10^23 atoms of FeO can be calculated using the molar mass of FeO, which is 71.847 g/mol. To find the mass, we multiply the number of atoms (3.01 x 10^23) by the molar mass of FeO (71.847 g/mol). This gives us: 3.01 x 10^23 atoms * 71.847 g/mol = 217.31 g
3. To calculate the mass of 9.65 x 10^23 atoms of iodine, we can use the molar mass of iodine, which is 126.904 g/mol. To find the mass, we multiply the number of atoms (9.65 x 10^23) by the molar mass of iodine (126.904 g/mol). This gives us: 9.65 x 10^23 atoms * 126.904 g/mol = 1218.56 g rounded to one decimal point.
Which kind of cycle is the rock cycle-one with a set path or one with many possible paths? Construct an explanation that describes at least two possible changes to a rock.
Every rock has its place in the rock cycle. The three processes that change one rock to another are crystallization, metamorphism, and erosion and sedimentation.
What is the rock cycle?The rock cycle is described as a basic concept in geology that describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous.
There are many possible paths a rock can take to become different types of rock, and that is because there is no needed path for a rock to change in form.
WE can explain more using the example that a metamorphic rock can become sedimentary rock by erosion and deposition, but the original metamorphic rock was not ever igneous rock.
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an aqueous sodium acetate, nac2h3o2 , solution is made by dissolving 0.195 mol nac2h3o2 in 0.750 kg of water. calculate the molality of the solution.
The molality of solution is 0.26 mol/kg
Molality is defined as "The ratio of the number of moles of solute present in a solution to the mass of the solvent in kilograms".
The unit that is used to represent molality is mol/kg.
The formula used to calculate molality is given below:
Molality = moles of solute/ mass of solvent in kg-----> (i)
Here,
Given values:
Moles of NaC₂H₃O₂ (solute) = 0.195mol
Mass of solvent (water) = 0.750 kg
Putting these values in equation (i), we get-
Molality
= 0.195 mol/0.750 kg
=0.26 mol/kg
Hence, the molality of solution is 0. 26 mol/kg
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What is the original concentration of a Sulfuric Acid Solution with a pOH of 12. 43??
The original concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 0.0044
To find the original concentration of a sulfuric acid solution with a pOH of 12.43, you would need to use the relationship between the acidity of a solution and its pH. The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration (pH = -log[H+]). The pOH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration (pOH = -log[OH-]). Since the pH and pOH of a solution are related by the equation:
pH + pOH = 14
Given the pOH of 12.43, then you can calculate the pH as :
pH = 14 - pOH
pH = 14 - 12.43 = 1.57
The original concentration of the sulfuric acid solution is 10^(-pH)
[H+] = 10^(-1.57) = 0.0044.
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Magnesium ribbon reacts with an aqueous solution of copper(ll) chloride in a single-replacement reaction. Which are the products of the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction?
The reaction between magnesium metal and copper chloride produce magnesium chloride precipitate and copper. The net ionic equation of the reaction is given below:
[tex]\rm Mg(s) + 2Cl (aq) \rightarrow MgCl_{2} (s)[/tex]
What is ionic equation?The ionic equation of a reaction shows all the ions participate in the reaction and their states specified in brackets. The net ionic equation represents the balanced charges in both side of ionic equation.
The balanced equation of the given reaction is written as follows:
[tex]\rm Mg(s) + CuCl_{2} (aq) \rightarrow MgCl_{2} (s) + Cu(aq)[/tex]
Here, the copper ions are in aqueous state in both side of the reaction and they get cancelled in the net ionic equation.
Therefore, the net ionic equation represents the formation of the solid precipitate MgCl₂ as written in the reaction above.
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Balance C2H4 + O2 = CO2 + H2O using the algebraic method.
Answer: C₂H₄ + 3O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + H₂O is the balanced equation
Explanation:
First, the Carbon atoms are balanced. After balancing the equation becomes:
C₂H₄ + O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + H₂O
Then the Hydrogen atoms are balanced. After balancing the equation becomes:
C₂H₄ + O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + 2H₂O
Finally, Oxygen atoms are balanced. After balancing the equation becomes:
C₂H₄ + 3O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + H₂O
Thus, the balanced equation is C₂H₄ + 3O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + H₂O
I hope this helps! :)
There is a bell at the top of a church belltower that is 92m high. The bell weighs 900 N. Is it potential energy or kinetic energy? Why? Calculate the amount of energy
1. The illustration is potential energy
2. The amount of energy, given that the bell weighs 900 N is 82800 J
1. How do I know whether it potential or kinetic energy?Potential energy is the energy possesed by an object by virtue of it's location. While kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object.
From the above information, we can conclude that the illustration from the question is potential energy
2. How do I determine the energy?The amount of energy can be obtained as follow:
Height (h) = 92 mForce (F) = 900 N Energy (E) = ?Energy = Force × height
Energy = 900 × 92
Energy = 82800 J
Thus, we can conclude that the energy is 82800 J
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11 B
5
Mass =
Protons =
Neutrons =
Element =
CARBOHYDRATES WORKSHOP
Cx(H2O)y is the general formula for carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the carbon hydrate in its natural form.
Which of the three carbohydrate structures are they?Three subtypes of carbohydrates—monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides—are recognized in the literature.Cx(H2O)y is the general formula for carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the carbon hydrate in its natural form. In the same ratio as water, they are composed of hydrogen and oxygen. It should be noted that not all carbohydrates follow the rule Cx(H2O)y. For instance, 2-deoxyribose C5H10O4 does not follow the rule.The four main categories of carbohydrates are monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides, depending on the degree of polymerization.Only molecules of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen make up the organic compounds known as carbohydrates.To learn more about carbohydrates refer to:
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"A daisy is a non-flowering, seed-bearing plant, while a pine tree produces flowers. Both the daisy and the pine tree go through the four major stages of the life cycle, which includes the seed stage, sprouting stage, seedling stage, and the final stage, which is the adult stage. During each stage of the life cycle, the two plants have different shapes and textures. As adult plants, the daisy produces seeds in the cone, and the pine tree produces seeds in the flower."
What statement corrects the errors in Zander's passage? a .A daisy is a flowering plant, and a pine tree is a non-flowering, cone-bearing plant. During the adult stage, the daisy produces seeds in the flower and the pine tree produces seeds in the cone. b.As adult plants, the daisy sprouts seedlings, which are then reproduced. During the adult stage, the pine tree grows spores, which are reproduced. che daisy and the pine tree have different stages in their life cycles. The daisy completes the seedling stage before the sprouting stage. The pine tree has a fertilization stage when seeds are produced. d. The daisy and the pine tree both have the same life cycles, but the daisy produces seeds in the seedling stage, and the pine tree produces seeds in the sprouting stage
A daisy is a flowering plant, and a pine tree is a non-flowering, cone-bearing plant. During the adult stage, the daisy produces seeds in the flower and the pine tree produces seeds in the cone. So, the correct option is (A).
What are Cones in plants?Cones are also called strobilus. It is oval in shape, containing the reproductive organs of some non-flowering plants. Cones have unique feature of pines and other conifers, also found on all gymnosperms, some club mosses and horsetails.
Male cones produce pollen that is carried by the wind to female cones, after which the female gametes are fertilized by male gametes from the pollen, the female cones produce seeds, which are then scattered away from the plant by wind or animals.
Thus, a daisy is a flowering plant, and a pine tree is a non-flowering, cone-bearing plant. During the adult stage, the daisy produces seeds in the flower and the pine tree produces seeds in the cone. So, the correct option is (A).
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for which principle of relative age is the grand canyon a clear example?
Answer: 1,840 million years old.
Explanation:
a smartfood package indicates that one 17.7 g serving contains 51% carbohydrates. which conversion factor best represents this information?
The conversion factor that best represents the information provided in the smartfood package is grams of carbohydrates per gram of serving.
The package states that one 17.7 gram serving contains 51% carbohydrates, which can be converted to grams by multiplying the percentage by the total weight of the serving. So, 51% of 17.7 grams is approximately 9.09 grams of carbohydrates per serving. To express this as a conversion factor, it would be written as 9.09 grams of carbohydrates per gram of serving. This conversion factor can be used to convert the number of grams of carbohydrates in other serving sizes of the same food.
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what type of intermolecular force forms during the solvation process when a polar molecule like of2 dissolves in water?
Interactions between ions and dipoles. Ion-Dipole Forces were engaged for solutions in which an ionic chemical is immersed in a polar solvent, for example a table salt (NaCl) water solution.
Ion-dipole intermolecular forces seem to be electrostatic reactions between such a polar molecule as well as an ion that are frequently caused by the dissolution of ionic compounds within polar substances. The attraction here between the negative ends of one polar molecule as well as the positive ends of another polar molecule is known as dipole-dipole forces.
In polar solvents, polar molecules were also soluble (Predominant intermolecular force will be a dipole-dipole attraction between polar solute molecule as well as polar solvent molecule).
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At stp, one mole of oxygen gas (o2) and one mole of neon (ne) contain:_____.
At stp one mole of oxygen gas and one mole of neon atom both have
6* [tex]10^2^3[/tex] molcules which is avagardo number of molecules.
what is STP?STP stands for "Standard Temperature and Pressure." In chemistry, it is commonly used as a reference point to describe the properties of gases. STP is defined as a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 K) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (101.325 kPa). At these conditions, the volume of one mole of any gas is 24.45 L.
So one mole of all gas have avagadro number of molecules in it.
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Help me out please :)
Answer:
The strength of the forces holding the particles of a substance together determines its physical state at a given temperature. The stronger the forces the more energy required to overcome them and hence the particles remain in a fixed position and the substance is solid, while weaker forces may allow the particles to move freely making the substance a gas.
Explanation:
In the case of carbon dioxide (CO2), the particles are held together by weak van der Waals forces. These forces are not strong enough to keep the particles in a fixed position, so they are able to move freely and take on the properties of a gas at room temperature.
In the case of water (H2O), the particles are held together by hydrogen bonds. These bonds are stronger than the van der Waals forces in CO2, so the particles are not able to move as freely. As a result, water takes on the properties of a liquid at room temperature.
Salt (NaCl) is made up of positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and negatively charged chloride ions (Cl-). These ions are held together by strong ionic bonds, which keep the particles in a fixed position. As a result, salt takes on the properties of a solid at room temperature.
what mass of percipiate will from 25 ml of 1.5 molar copper ii sulfate sol reacts with 35 ml .75 potassium hydroxide
The mass of precipitate will from when 25 ml of 1.5 M copper(II)
sulfate solution reacts with the 35 ml 0.75 M potassium hydroxide is 2.53 g.
The balanced chemical equation is :
CuSO₄(aq) + 2KOH(aq) -----> K₂SO₄(aq) + Cu(OH)₂(s)
The moles of CuSO₄ = 1.5 × 0.025
= 0.037 mol
The moles of KOH = 0.75 × 0.035
= 0.026 mol
The KOH is the limiting reactant.
1 mole of the KOH produces the 1 mole of Cu(OH)₂
Moles of Cu(OH)₂ = 0.026 mol
The mass of Cu(OH)₂ = moles × molar mass
= 0.026 × 97.5
= 2.53 g
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___Ca2+ + ___O2 ---> Cr2O3
Answer:
Balancing chemical equations is my priority!! :-)
[tex]Ca_{2}[/tex] + [tex]O_{2}[/tex] = [tex]Ca_{2} O_{3}[/tex]
On both sides Calcium (Ca) is balanced ( 2 and 2 )
Then Oxygen (O) is 2 on the reactant side and 3 on the product side.
Divide the subscripts (product subscript/reactant subscript) to give 1.5 (3/2)
Because you can't put 1.5 in an equation you multiply everything by 2.
Then it comes [tex]2Ca_{2}[/tex] + [tex]3O_{2}[/tex] = [tex]2Ca_{2} O_{3}[/tex]
Have a wonderful day! :-)
1.
Part II: True Statements
Directions: Circle the word in parentheses that makes each statement true.
New substances are formed during a (physical, chemical) change.
Many physical and chemical changes are affected by (light, temperature).
3.
A (physical, chemical) change is one where no new substances are formed.
2.
Independent Practice
4.
5.P 9.1 Chemical and Physical Changes
The mass of a melted candle (will, will not) change, but the mass of a burned
candle (will, will not) change.
The mass of a melted candle will not change after it has been melted.
The mass of a melted candleThis is an example of a physical change, where the form of the candle has changed but it is still made up of the same elements and compounds.On the other hand, the mass of a burned candle will change, as the candle is no longer made of the same elements and compounds.This is an example of a chemical change, where new substances are formed from the original elements and compounds.Both physical and chemical changes can be affected by light and temperature.For example, when a candle is exposed to heat and light, the temperature of the candle increases and the candle will begin to melt.This is a physical change that is affected by light and temperature.Similarly, when a candle is exposed to heat and light, the temperature of the candle increases and the candle will begin to burn.This is a chemical change that is affected by light and temperature, as the burning of the candle creates new substances such as smoke and ash.To learn more about The mass of a melted candle refer to:
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PARTICULATES in the air, including ---(1)---, from DIESEL
ENGINES and DUST causes ---(2)--- problems in humans
PARTICULATES in the air, including particulate matter, from DIESEL
ENGINES and DUST cause respiratory and cardiovascular health problems in humans
What is particulate matter(PM)?This refers to solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. PM can be gotten from many places. In general, any type of burning or dust-generating activities are sources of PM. Some examples are Emissions (from vehicles and industrial plant smokestacks) etc.
We have two categories of particulate matter: primary and secondary particulate matter.
Primary particulate matter is emitted directly from:
construction sites wildfires wood burning gravel pitsagricultural activities dusty roads.Secondary particulate matter is formed in the atmosphere as a result of complex chemical reactions.
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which gas is not an example of a naturally occurring greenhouse gas?
nitrogen and chloro fluro carbon gas is not an example of a naturally occurring greenhouse gas
Water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone are examples of naturally occurring greenhouse gases. Hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) are examples of artificial greenhouse gases that are produced via a number of industrial operations. Carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and water vapour are some examples of greenhouse gases. The gas that is not a greenhouse gas is therefore nitrogen. The different greenhouse gases include nitrous oxide, water vapour, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons, methane, and chlorofluorocarbons. Infrared light cannot pass through oxygen or nitrogen, hence they are not considered greenhouse gases. These molecules are invisible because stretching one of them has no effect on the electric field. These symmetric molecules are composed of two identical atoms whose electric fields simply cancel one another out.
which gas is not an example of a naturally occurring greenhouse gas?
1. nitrogen
2.cholrofluoro carbons
3. oxygen
4. carbondioxide
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Suppose that you run a reaction in ethanol to form a very non-polar organic substance. How would you extract your product?
Select one:
a- After the reaction is complete, add water and ethanol to a separatory funnel and separate the layers.
b- After the reaction is complete, rotovap the ethanol and redissolve in suitable organic solvent and water followed by separation.
c- After the reaction is complete, add suitable organic solvent and water followed by separation.
d- There is more than one correct answer.
b- After the reaction is complete, rotovap the ethanol and redissolve in suitable organic solvent and water followed by separation . This is the correct option.
If the desired product is a non-polar organic substance and it is formed in a reaction run in ethanol, one way to extract the product would be to use liquid-liquid extraction method. The basic idea of this method is to use a solvent that is immiscible (i.e., does not mix well) with both the reaction mixture and the desired product.
Here are the general steps for a liquid-liquid extraction:
• Separate the reaction mixture into two layers, the aqueous layer and the organic layer, by using a separating funnel.
• Remove the aqueous layer and discard it.
• Take the organic layer, containing the desired product and ethanol and add a non-polar solvent, such as pentane, hexane, or diethyl ether to the organic layer.
• Shake the mixture vigorously to allow for the transfer of the desired product from the ethanol to the non-polar solvent.
• Separate the two layers by using a separating funnel.
• Remove the upper non-polar solvent layer, which should contain the desired product
• Dry the non-polar solvent layer if necessary, and evaporate the solvent if desired to isolate the pure product.
Note that the choice of the solvent and the specific steps may vary depending on the nature of the product and the reaction mixture.
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