Darla Huntley, RMA, works in a pulmonology practice. She has been instructed to schedule Betty Robinson for a spirometry within one week. Ms. Robinson has never had one before. After the procedure is scheduled, what information should Darla provide Ms. Robinson to ensure that she is prepared on the day of her test? Under what health-related circumstances would Darla need to reschedule the test for Ms. Robinson? How many maneuvers must be completed for Ms. Robinson's PFT to be considered successful on the day of her testing?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Darla should tell Ms. Robinson that spirometry is a simple test for figuring out how well the lungs work. During the test, the patient will be asked to take a deep breath and then blow as hard as they can into a mouthpiece connected to a spirometer. The spirometer will measure how much air the patient can blow out of their lungs and how fast they can do it.

Advice on medication: Darla should tell Ms. Robinson that she shouldn't use any bronchodilator inhalers, like albuterol, for four to six hours before the test.

Darla should tell Ms. Robinson when to expect her at the test and how long the test is likely to last.

Wear clothes that are comfortable. Darla should tell Ms. Robinson to wear clothes that are comfortable and won't make it hard for her to breathe.

Darla might have to reschedule Ms. Robinson's test if something goes wrong with her health. For example, if Ms. Robinson has recently had chest surgery, a heart attack, or a stroke, Darla may need to reschedule the test to avoid any possible health risks.

For Ms. Robinson's spirometry test to be successful, she must do at least three things that give acceptable and repeatable results. If Ms. Robinson can't do three maneuvers, Darla may have to reschedule the test to make sure the results are correct.

Major source:

American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. (2005). ATS/ERS statement on respiratory muscle testing. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 171(8), 866-878. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200401-044ST

Related Questions

a nurse is caring for a client with scabies for which a topical medication has been prescribed. when educating the client on how to use the medication, which should the nurse tell the client regarding the application?

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The nurse should tell the client the following instructions regarding the application of the medication: SCABIES  

S: Sharing items, such as clothing or bedding,

C: Close contact, such as holding hands or sexual contact,

A: Areas of the body with thin skin, such as wrists and groin,

B: Burrows or bumps in the skin,

I  : Itching,

E: Epidemic outbreaks.

The topical medication is used to treat the scabies which is a skin infestation caused by a mite, Sarcoptes scabiei.

The medication is applied to the affected areas of the skin, particularly to the folds of the skin where mites and eggs may be found.

The client should follow these instructions while using the topical medication :

Wash the affected area with mild soap and water, and dry it with a clean towel. Apply a thin layer of the medication to the affected areas and rub it in thoroughly. Cover the affected areas with clothing or a dressing after applying the medication. Keep the medication on the skin for at least 8-14 hours, and then wash it off with soap and water. Avoid contact with other people until the medication is completely removed. Clean and vacuum the living areas and wash clothing and bedding in hot water to prevent reinfestation.

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What are Gene-environment correlations?

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Genotype–environment correlations refer to genetic differences in exposure to particular environments.

Passive genotype–environment correlation refers to the association between the genotype a child inherits from his or her parents and the environment in which the child is raised. For example, because parents who have histories of antisocial behaviour (which is moderately heritable) are at increased risk of abusing their children, maltreatment may be a marker for genetic risk that parents transmit to children rather than a causal risk factor for children’s conduct problems

Evocative (or reactive) genotype–environment correlation refers to the association between an individual’s genetically influenced behaviour and others’ reactions to that behaviour.

Active (or selective) genotype–environment correlation refers to the association between an individual’s genetic propensities and the environmental niches that individual selects.

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the nurse is caring for a female client with cholelithiasis. which assessment findings from the client's history and physical examination may have contributed to development of the condition? (select all that apply.) a. body mass index (bmi) of 46 b. vegetarian diet c. drinking 4 ounces of red wine nightly d. pregnant with twins e. history of metabolic syndrome f. glycosylated hemoglobin level of 15%

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The following assessment findings from the client's history and physical examination that may have contributed to the development of the condition of cholelithiasis are a body mass index (BMI) of 46, pregnant with twins, history of metabolic syndrome, and glycosylated hemoglobin level of 15%.

So the correct answer si A, D, E, F

Cholelithiasis refers to the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts. It often develops when bile contains too much cholesterol, bilirubin, or other substances. As such, obesity, pregnancy, metabolic syndrome, and hyperlipidemia are some of the contributing factors to the development of the condition. Thus, the assessment findings from the client's history and physical examination that may have contributed to the development of cholelithiasis include A body mass index (BMI) of 46, being pregnant with twins, a history of metabolic syndrome, and glycosylated hemoglobin level of 15%.

The correct options are;

A body mass index (BMI) of 46.Pregnant with twins.History of metabolic syndrome.Glycosylated hemoglobin level of 15%.

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a 4-month-old breastfeeding infant is at the 80th percentile for weight and the 75th percentile for height. how should the nurse interpret this finding?

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A 4-month-old breastfeeding infant is at the 80th percentile for weight and the 75th percentile for height. The nurse should interpret this finding as normal because there is no cause for concern in the development of the child. In fact, the infant is growing well and is not experiencing any developmental issues.

The percentile is the best way to evaluate a child's growth and development. Percentiles are used to compare a child's growth and development to that of other children of the same age and gender. When an infant is above the 50th percentile for weight and height, the infant is considered to be growing well. When an infant is below the 50th percentile for weight and height, there is cause for concern because the infant is not growing well.

When the weight of the infant is at the 80th percentile and the height is at the 75th percentile, it indicates that the infant is growing well and is not experiencing any developmental issues. The nurse should encourage the mother to continue breastfeeding because the child is growing well and is not experiencing any health problems.

The nurse should also recommend that the mother consult with a pediatrician if there are any concerns about the infant's development.

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Items requested due to lack of inventory on hand can be referred to as a(n) ________ system.

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Items requested due to lack of inventory on hand can be referred to as a "reorder" system, also known as a "replenishment" system. This type of system is designed to automatically request or reorder items when inventory levels fall below a certain threshold.

a client develops a vitamin k deficiency due to intestinal malabsorption. what intervention should the registered nurse (rn) implement in the plan of care?

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The registered nurse should add the vitamin K in the client’s diet, and implement Vitamin K injections if the patient is unable to take it orally.

The nurse should also monitor the client's INR level and educate the client about the condition and diet changes. Intestinal malabsorption is a condition in which the small intestine is unable to absorb essential nutrients from the food that is consumed. Intestinal malabsorption can result from a variety of medical conditions, including Crohn's disease, celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, and pancreatic insufficiency.

Vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding, blood clotting difficulties, and the development of bruises. Because vitamin K is essential for blood clotting, a vitamin K deficiency can result in excessive bleeding and bruising.The vitamin K should be added to the patient's diet. Green vegetables, especially broccoli, kale, collard greens, turnip greens, spinach, and mustard greens, are abundant in vitamin K.

Vitamin K injections can be given to the patient if they are unable to consume it orally. INR levels should be monitored by the registered nurse regularly. Vitamin K deficiency can be the root cause of high INR levels, which may cause internal bleeding, hematomas, or other complications. The client should be educated about the importance of dietary changes, avoiding anticoagulants, and taking medications as prescribed by the doctor.

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a nursing student is helping the precepting nurse work through a preoperative checklist for a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who is scheduled to have an arthrodesis. the student asks the nurse what an arthrodesis is so she can explain the procedure and the risks to the patient before having the permit signed. what is the best response by the nurse?

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The nurse should explain to the nursing student that an arthrodesis is a surgical procedure to fuse two or more bones in a joint together to create stability and prevent movement.

What should the nurse about arthrodesis?

In this case, the patient with rheumatoid arthritis may be having an arthrodesis to treat joint damage and pain.

The nurse should also explain the potential risks associated with the procedure, such as infection, blood loss, nerve damage, and the possibility of limited mobility or joint stiffness after the surgery.

It is important to ensure that the patient fully understands the procedure and the risks involved before signing the consent form. The nursing student can assist the precepting nurse in educating the patient about the procedure and answering any questions they may have.

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a student nurse enters the room of a client and begins the assessment while the registered nurse observes. which action made by the student nurse requires correction by the registered nurse?

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The registered nurse should correct any action made by the student nurse that does not meet the standards of safety and quality care.

There are several possible mistakes that a student nurse might make while assessing a patient.

Below are some common errors that student nurses make and require correction from registered nurses:

Using medical jargon or abbreviations that the client or family cannot understand.Not explaining the procedure or purpose of the assessment.Not washing hands or wearing gloves while performing the assessment.Not using proper equipment for vital sign measurement or examination such as a stethoscope or blood pressure cuff. Overlooking critical information during the health history such as allergies, medications, or past surgeries.Not accurately recording data, such as documenting an incorrect vital sign, measurement or time.Communicating disrespectfully with the patient, family or healthcare team members.

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the first-line treatment for cough related to an upper respiratory tract infection (uri) in a 5-year-old child is:

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The first-line treatment for cough related to an Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URI) in a 5-year-old child is supportive care, including rest, fluids, and symptomatic relief with acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever and pain.

Most coughs related to URI are caused by viruses, and antibiotics are not effective against viral infections. However, if the cough is caused by bacterial infections, antibiotics may be necessary. Before prescribing antibiotics, the healthcare provider should evaluate the child to determine the cause of the cough.

Cough suppressants, such as dextromethorphan, are not recommended for children under six years old due to the risk of side effects. Instead, honey can be used as a natural cough suppressant in children over one year old.

If the cough persists or worsens, or if the child experiences difficulty breathing, wheezing, or other concerning symptoms, medical attention should be sought immediately.

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flag a nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about using the nursing process when caring for a client who has an acid-base imbalance. the nurse should include that the stages of the nursing process should be performed in what order?

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The stages of the nursing process should be performed in the following order when caring for a client with an acid-base imbalance:

AssessmentDiagnosisPlanningImplementationEvaluation

Assessment: A newly licensed nurse must first conduct a thorough assessment of the client's medical history, which includes past and present medical history. By taking a medical history, nurses will be able to learn about the client's current medical condition and identify the cause of the acid-base imbalance.

Diagnosis: After conducting an assessment, the nurse should create a diagnosis based on the client's symptoms and diagnostic tests. A nursing diagnosis is the identification of the client's medical problem or issue. The nursing diagnosis is utilized to create the nursing care plan.

Planning: The nurse will plan a nursing care plan that includes methods to address the client's problem. The nurse must consider the client's physical, mental, and emotional well-being. It is important to recognize the client's perspective when creating the nursing care plan.

Implementation: Once the nursing care plan has been developed, the nurse will begin to implement it. The nurse will provide the necessary treatments and services, such as medication administration, intravenous therapy, and ongoing patient monitoring.

Evaluation: After providing the nursing care plan, the nurse should evaluate the client's response to the treatment. Nurses must examine whether the client's condition has improved or whether the nursing care plan should be revised.

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the nurse includes which information in the teaching plan for the patient with viral hepatitis b? a. limit alcohol intake to less than 5 drinks a week. b. avoid all medications unless prescribed by physician. c. avoid protein in your diet. d. increase intake of carbohydrates. e. do not share razors or nail clipper

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The nurse should include the following information in the teaching plan for the patient with viral hepatitis limiting alcohol intake, avoiding medications unless prescribed, avoiding protein in the diet, increasing the intake of carbohydrates, and not sharing razors or nail clippers.

Viral hepatitis B is a serious illness that affects the liver. This disease can be chronic, and in some cases, it can be life-threatening. Patients who are infected with hepatitis B require extensive nursing care, and the nurse should include information about the disease in the patient's teaching plan. This information should cover the following areas:

Avoid all medications unless prescribed by physicians is essential to avoid all medications unless they have been prescribed by a physician. Patients with hepatitis B should not take over-the-counter medications or herbal supplements, as these can cause liver damage.

Do not share razors or nail clipperPatients with hepatitis B should not share razors or nail clippers. This is because the virus can be transmitted through blood and other bodily fluids, which can be present on these objects. By sharing these items, the virus can spread from one person to another.

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You are preparing a full days supply of enteral feedings for a client. The client takes 120 mL of 3/4 strength Isomil q4h. Isomil is supplied in 120 mL bottles. How many bottles will you need? Provide your answer as a whole number.

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Answer:

The client takes 120 mL of 3/4 strength Isomil q4h, which means that they take this amount every 4 hours. To determine the number of bottles needed for a full day's supply, we need to calculate how many times the client will take the feeding in a 24-hour period and then divide that number by the amount of feeding in each bottle.

There are 24 hours in a day, and if the client takes the feeding every 4 hours, then they will take it 6 times in a day (24/4=6).

Each bottle of Isomil contains 120 mL, which is the same amount the client needs for each feeding. Therefore, the number of bottles required for a full day's supply would be:

6 (number of feedings per day) x 1 (120 mL bottle per feeding) = 6 bottles.

So, the client will need 6 bottles of Isomil for a full day's supply.

the nurse is preparing to administer acyclovir intravenously to a child with varicella infection who is immunocompromised. the nurse correctly administers the medication over which time frame?

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The nurse should correctly administer acyclovir intravenously to a child with varicella infection who is immuno compromised over a time frame of 60 minutes.

Acyclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat herpes infections, such as shingles or genital herpes. Acyclovir is also known as acycloguanosine. It is usually used to treat infections, including cold sores.

Acyclovir works by inhibiting the multiplication of herpes viruses in the body, allowing the immune system to fight the infection.

Intravenous (IV) administration is a way of administering a medication directly into the vein. The medication enters the bloodstream directly, bypassing the digestive system. The medicines for IV are given for a specific period of time.

And so, the nurse should manage acyclovir intravenously for atleast over 60 minutes or an hour while treating a child infected with varicella infection and is immuno compromised.

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Relating to special evaluation and Management services basic life and on or disability evaluation services and work-related or medical disability evaluation services are only used when the insurance is asking for specific examination claims true or false

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False. Basic life and disability evaluation services, as well as work-related or medical disability evaluation services, can be used for various reasons beyond insurance claims, such as employer requests or individual needs for government benefits or accommodations.

Basic life and disability evaluation services, as well as work-related or medical disability evaluation services, can be used for various reasons beyond insurance claims. For example, employers may request disability evaluations to determine if an employee is able to perform their job duties, or individuals may seek disability evaluations to qualify for government benefits or accommodations. Insurance companies may request these services as part of their claims process, but they are not the only ones who can request them.

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a patient presents to the er with a 3 week history of left-sided headache. as part of the diagnostic workup a contrast ct scan is scheduled. nursing assessment associated with this contrast ct scan include:

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The nursing assessment associated with a contrast CT scan, which is scheduled as part of the diagnostic workup for a patient who presents to the ER with a three-week history of left-sided headache are: Obtaining a detailed history of the patient's symptoms, Obtaining baseline vital signs, Evaluating the patient's allergies and medications, Monitoring the patient's vital signs throughout the scan, Assessing the patient for contrast-induced adverse reactions, Providing patient education about the procedure.

Prior to undergoing a contrast CT scan, it is critical to perform a complete nursing assessment, which includes: Obtaining a detailed history of the patient's allergies, including those to food, contrast agents, and medication.

A baseline blood pressure measurement is taken, as well as a review of the patient's cardiac status. It is critical to determine if the patient is suffering from renal dysfunction or if they have a history of renal dysfunction. If the patient has diabetes, the nurse should confirm that they have taken their insulin or other diabetes medications, as well as the most recent glucose level.

It's crucial to verify that the patient's physician has submitted an order for the contrast CT scan and that the order is accurate. if the patient has any form of metallic objects, such as a pacemaker or aneurysm clips, that would make it impossible for them to undergo the scan. If so, the doctor should be notified.

Obtain signed informed consent for the procedure. Explain the procedure, including the use of contrast media, and provide clear and detailed pre- and post-care directions.

The patient should not eat or drink for at least 4 hours prior to the procedure. If a patient has a history of claustrophobia, premedication may be necessary to ensure they can endure the procedure.

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the student nurse is collecting data on a child diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and notes the child has a barrel chest and clubbing of the fingers. in explaining this manifestation of the disease, the staff nurse explains the cause of this symptom to be:

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The staff nurse states that the student nurse is gathering information on a child with cystic fibrosis and has noticed the child has clubbing of the fingers and a barrel chest, the cause of this symptom is reduced lung compliance and elastic recoil, the correct option is (D).

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the lungs, digestive system, and other organs. Reduced lung compliance and elastic recoil are common manifestations of cystic fibrosis that result from the buildup of thick, sticky mucus in the airways, leading to inflammation and damage of the lung tissue. This damage causes the lungs to lose their elasticity, which in turn reduces their ability to expand and contract efficiently during breathing, leading to a barrel-shaped chest. Clubbing of the fingers is also a common manifestation of cystic fibrosis, which is believed to result from chronic hypoxia (low oxygen levels) due to poor oxygen exchange in the lungs.

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The complete question is:

The student nurse is collecting data on a child diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and notes the child has a barrel chest and clubbing of the fingers. In explaining this manifestation of the disease, the staff nurse explains the cause of this symptom to be:

A. Hypertrophy of the respiratory muscles

B. Bronchospasm and increased airway resistance

C. Hypoxemia and chronic respiratory acidosis

D. Reduced lung compliance and elastic recoil

an older adult client tells the nurse that the client's depression has gotten worse after starting prescribed antihypertensives to address high blood pressure. what information will the nurse include in an explanation?

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An older adult client tells the nurse that the client's depression has gotten worse after starting prescribed antihypertensives to address high blood pressure. The nurse includes in an explanation that keeps taking the medication as prescribed and reports a change in mood to the healthcare provider, the correct option is (B).

The nurse should explain to the client that antihypertensive medications are known to have side effects such as fatigue, dizziness, and depression. However, stopping the medication suddenly can cause a sudden increase in blood pressure, which can be dangerous. The client should continue taking the medication as prescribed and report any changes in mood to the healthcare provider. The healthcare provider can evaluate whether the medication is contributing to the client's depression and, if necessary, adjust the medication or prescribe a different one. It's important to note that older adults may be more sensitive to the effects of medication and may require lower doses or a different medication altogether.

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The complete question is:

An older adult client tells the nurse that the client's depression has gotten worse after starting prescribed antihypertensives to address high blood pressure. What information will the nurse include in an explanation?

A) Stop taking the medication immediately

B) Keep taking the medication as prescribed and report changes in mood to the healthcare provider

C) Reduce the dosage of the medication without consulting the healthcare provider

D) Switch to a different medication without consulting the healthcare provider

which are helpful tips for a nurse who has been active in health care policy and reform give to a nurse who is interested in becoming active in this area? select all that apply.

Answers

There are several helpful tips for a nurse who has been active in health care policy and reform that can be shared with a nurse who is interested in getting involved in this area. Here are some of them:

Do research and stay up to date on current healthcare policy and reform initiatives.Get involved with healthcare organizations and attend conferences or seminars to stay informed.Engage in conversations with healthcare professionals to learn more about healthcare policy and reform.Network with other nurses and build relationships to discuss health care policy and reform.Stay active in online discussion forums to stay informed and discuss current healthcare policy and reform.

Following these tips can help nurses become more involved in health care policy and reform and make a positive impact on health care in their communities.

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a nurse caring for an older adult postsurgical client helps the client perform leg exercises. which age-related change makes these exercises important for this client?

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A nurse caring for an older adult postsurgical client helps the client perform leg exercises. The age-related change that makes these exercises important for this client is the loss of muscle strength and flexibility as one ages.

What is a surgical patient?

A surgical patient is someone who is undergoing or has undergone surgery. There are various types of surgery, ranging from minor to major. It may be done to eliminate a tumor, treat a health problem, replace a faulty organ, or repair a wound, among other reasons.

Older adults are more vulnerable to complications after surgery due to changes in their physiological and psychological health that come with aging. According to evidence, the decreased muscle strength and flexibility as one ages can cause loss of function, increased risk of falls, fractures, and poor balance.

Maintaining or increasing muscle strength and flexibility in older adults, particularly following surgery, is beneficial. The goal of leg exercises, in particular, is to improve mobility and function, making activities of daily living (ADLs) simpler, reducing falls and fall-related injuries, and improving overall quality of life.

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a worried mother calls the nurse and tells her that her son has developed a horrible croup cough and is having trouble breathing. what would be the best intervention for the nurse to recommend to the mother?

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Run a hot shower to create steam in the room and keep the boy there. Running the shower or hot water tap in the bathroom until the space is filled with steam and keeping the child in this warm, moist atmosphere can help relieve croup symptoms in an emergency. This relaxes the airway tissues and opens the bronchi lumens.

What would a nurse anticipate finding while examining a youngster with croup?

Stridor during rest, tracheal tug, chest wall retractions, fluctuating breathing rate, and elevated heart rate all point to the need for medical intervention.

Is wheezing in children best detected during exhalation?

High-pitched whistling or purring is the sound of wheezing. As your child is exhaling, you can hear it the greatest. Over 40 breaths per minute of rapid breathing. restless breathing (having to work hard to push air out).

What is one of the steps in treating croup in children?

The majority of croup cases are minor and manageable at home. It's crucial to sit your child up straight and console them if they're upset because sobbing could make the symptoms worse. To avoid dehydration, your youngster should also drink plenty of fluids.

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Calculate how many tablets for one (1) dose for each of the prescriptions below:

Order: Abilify 10 mg po qd

Give:

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The prescription is for Abilify 10 mg po qd.

The abbreviation "po" stands for "by mouth," and "qd" stands for "once daily."

This means that the patient is supposed to take 10 mg of Abilify orally once a day.

The number of tablets needed for one dose will depend on the strength of the tablets that are available.

If the tablets available are 10 mg each, then the patient would take one tablet per dose.

If the tablets available are a different strength, then the number of tablets needed for one dose will need to be adjusted accordingly.

Describe positive and open nonverbal behaviors that should be used with patients

Answers

With patients, encouraging nonverbal cues including eye contact, smiling, nodding, open body posture, leaning in, touching, and mirroring should be used.

What kind of nonverbal behaviours are effective?

Positive nonverbal cues include smiles, body language, eye contact, tone of voice, and eye contact. Positive nonverbal communication helps interactions with children and their development.

What is a good illustration of nonverbal communication?

When in a conversation, a smile, a nod, and the use of your brows can convey satisfaction. Example: When a coworker is telling you about their recent vacation, you can nod in agreement and smile to convey that you are enjoying what they are saying.

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the nurse is caring for a client with a recent lower extremity injury. during the physical assessment, the nurse should include which components during inspection and palpation of the injury? select all that apply.

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During the physical assessment of a client with a recent lower extremity injury, the nurse should include the following components during inspection and palpation of the injury are: swelling, pain, temperature, movement, and color.

Swelling: This is one of the most common signs of an injury. Swelling is a result of the accumulation of fluid in the injured area. Therefore, during inspection and palpation of the injury, the nurse should check for swelling.

Pain: Pain is another important sign of an injury. It is important for the nurse to ask the client about the location, intensity, and character of the pain. During palpation, the nurse should apply pressure on the injury to determine the level of pain.

Temperature: The injured area might be warmer than the surrounding areas due to increased blood flow. Therefore, during palpation, the nurse should check for warmth in the injured area.

Movement: The nurse should check for movement in the injured area. If the injury is severe, the client may be unable to move the injured area. During palpation, the nurse should check for a range of motion and the level of pain during movement.

Color: The nurse should check for any changes in the color of the injured area. The area may be discolored, red, or bruised. During the inspection, the nurse should look for any color changes in the injured area. Palpation involves the use of hands or fingers to feel different parts of the body.

Therefore, during palpation, the nurse should apply pressure on the injured area to determine the level of pain, warmth, and swelling. During the inspection, the nurse should look for any visible changes in the injured area. A comprehensive physical assessment of a client with a recent lower extremity injury should include inspection and palpation.

Inspection is the visual assessment of the injured area, while palpation involves the use of hands or fingers to feel different parts of the body. During inspection and palpation, the nurse should check for swelling, pain, temperature, movement, and color changes in the injured area.

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which of the following is not considered a health benefit of calcium in the body? it reduces blood pressure. it decreases risk of colon cancer. it contributes to the increase in cardiovascular disease. it blocks the formation of kidney stones.

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Calcium contributes to the increase in cardiovascular disease is not considered a health benefit of calcium in the body.

Calcium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various body functions. It is required for strong bones, healthy teeth, proper blood clotting, and muscular function. Calcium also plays a significant role in maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing several diseases.

Calcium is essential for good health, and here are some health benefits of calcium in the body:

1. Strong Bones and Teeth: Calcium is an essential nutrient required for the growth and maintenance of bones and teeth. It is necessary for the development of healthy bones and teeth in children. Calcium also helps in maintaining the bone density and structure of bones in adults, preventing osteoporosis, and reducing the risk of fractures.

2. Prevents Osteoporosis: Calcium helps in preventing osteoporosis, a condition in which bones become weak and fragile, leading to fractures. It also helps in the formation of new bone tissue and improves bone density.

3. Reduces the Risk of Colon Cancer: Calcium has been found to have protective effects against colon cancer. It binds to cancer-causing agents in the colon and helps in their elimination from the body, reducing the risk of colon cancer.

4. Reduces Blood Pressure: Calcium plays a significant role in regulating blood pressure levels. It helps in relaxing blood vessels and reducing the resistance to blood flow, leading to lower blood pressure levels.

5. Blocks the Formation of Kidney Stones: Calcium helps in blocking the formation of kidney stones by binding to oxalate in the intestine, preventing its absorption into the bloodstream, and reducing its concentration in the urine. This helps in preventing the formation of calcium oxalate stones in the kidneys.

Calcium contributes to the increase in cardiovascular disease is not considered a health benefit of calcium in the body. Calcium plays a significant role in maintaining cardiovascular health by helping in the contraction and relaxation of blood vessels and regulating the heartbeat. It reduces the risk of hypertension, stroke, and heart disease.

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the client is asking if there is a pill that can be ordered to control the symptoms of menopause. which assessment finding is most important in determining nursing care in association with hormone replacement therapy?

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The client is asking if there is a pill that can be ordered to control the symptoms of menopause. The assessment finding most important in determining nursing care in association with hormone replacement therapy is the patient's current health status.

The nurse should assess the patient’s overall health and risk factors for potential complications such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and breast cancer.

Additionally, the nurse should assess for any existing symptoms related to the menopause, such as hot flashes, night sweats, sleep disturbances, and other signs of hormonal imbalance. Other important assessment findings include the patient’s age and family history, as well as any allergies or sensitivities to certain medications.

The nurse should also assess the patient’s understanding of the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy, as well as her current lifestyle and related habits that may affect the effectiveness of the therapy. With this information, the nurse can then work with the patient to determine if hormone replacement therapy is an appropriate treatment option and provide her with the necessary education and support to ensure that she has the best possible outcome.

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a group of pregnant women are discussing high-risk newborn conditions as part of a prenatal class. when describing the complications that can occur in these newborns to the group, which would the nurse include as being at lowest risk?

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The nurse should include low Apgar scores, premature births, low birth weight, and blood disorders as being at the lowest risk in a prenatal class when a group of pregnant women is discussing high-risk newborn conditions.



1. Low Apgar scores: The Apgar score is a measure of a newborn's health, taken shortly after birth. Low Apgar scores may indicate a health problem but are generally considered to be of the lowest risk in newborns.

2. Premature births: Premature births occur when a baby is born before 37 weeks gestation. Premature babies may have certain health risks, but many of these can be managed or avoided with proper medical care.

3. Low birth weight: Low birth weight refers to a baby that weighs less than 5 pounds 8 ounces at birth. Low birth weight is associated with certain health risks, but these risks are usually lower than those associated with more severe conditions.

4. Blood disorders: Blood disorders such as anemia, sickle cell anemia, and thalassemia are relatively uncommon in newborns. While they can be serious if present, they usually present with mild symptoms and can be managed with proper medical care.


In conclusion, the nurse should include low Apgar scores, premature births, low birth weight, and blood disorders as being at the lowest risk.

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a registered nurse (rn) from the operating room is told by the charge nurse to report (float) to the intensive care unit (icu) for several hours until relief can be sent. the nurse has never worked in the icu before. which action should the rn take first?

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In the given scenario, the registered nurse from the operating room is instructed by the charge nurse to report to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for some hours. This type of situation is called a float situation.

Action taken by the RN take first- The RN should first assess and observe the condition of the patient before starting to work in the ICU. After gathering the relevant information, the nurse should report to the ICU charge nurse and take the necessary information about the patient and the staff working in the ICU.

The nurse should take a tour of the ICU and observe the environment, understand the arrangement of equipment, and ask the relevant questions from the ICU team. By taking these actions, the nurse would be prepared to work in the ICU, and it would also ensure that the patient's safety is the top priority for the nurse.

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fast food contributes to obesity because it generally provides: a. nutrient-dense foods. b. smaller portions. c. large portions and energy-dense foods. d. plenty of low-kcalorie choices. e. kcalorie information on menu boards.

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The correct answer for "fast food contributes to obesity because it generally provides" is C - large portions and energy-dense foods.

Fast food generally provides large portions and energy-dense foods, which are high in calories, saturated fats, and added sugars. These foods can lead to an increase in calorie intake, weight gain, and obesity. Additionally, fast food often contains fewer nutrients and more empty calories than homemade meals.

It also generally contains fewer fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, which are important for a healthy diet. Furthermore, the convenience of fast food makes it easier for people to eat in large portions, which can further contribute to weight gain.

Consuming a high-calorie, energy-dense diet, such as those found in fast food, has been linked to weight gain, poor nutrition, and an increased risk of chronic disease, including diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Consuming fast food regularly has also been linked to poor eating habits and a greater likelihood of obesity in children and adolescents.

In conclusion, fast food generally provides large portions and energy-dense foods. It is important to be mindful of portion sizes and make sure to include fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in your diet.

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an older client presents with a sudden onset of impaired level of consciousness. the triage nurse should assess for signs and symptoms of which condition?

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When an older client presents with a sudden onset of impaired level of consciousness, the triage nurse should assess for signs and symptoms of stroke.

The triage nurse should assess for signs and symptoms of a stroke. Stroke can cause a sudden onset of impaired level of consciousness. The nurse should look for any signs of facial drooping, slurred speech, arm weakness or difficulty speaking. They should also check the patient's blood pressure and monitor their pulse. Additionally, they should check for signs of any head or neck injury that could be associated with the stroke.


Stroke is a sudden impairment of brain function caused by an interruption in the blood supply to the brain. A stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention as it can cause brain damage and can be fatal if not treated promptly.

Symptoms of stroke include sudden onset of confusion or trouble speaking, trouble seeing in one or both eyes, weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg, sudden severe headache with no known cause, dizziness, trouble walking or loss of balance, and sudden onset of impaired level of consciousness.

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a nurse reviews the medication list of an older adult upon transfer from an acute care to a long-term care facility. which method is appropriate to reduce the occurrence of adverse effects?

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One of the methods that is appropriate to reduce the occurrence of adverse effects upon transfer from an acute care to a long-term care facility is to use computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) system.

A computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) system is a healthcare software system that allows healthcare providers to enter and manage medical prescriptions electronically in both acute care and long term care.

Benefits-

CPOE helps to ensure that the appropriate medications are prescribed and that the appropriate dosages are provided to the patient.CPOE systems are designed to decrease medication errors, reduce delays in care, improve efficiency, and improve the quality of care provided to patients.It reduces the risk of errors in medication administration, such as prescribing the wrong medication, dose, or frequency, and reduces delays in the time it takes to prescribe and administer medications.It improves communication among healthcare providers, resulting in more accurate and timely care, including medication administration.It promotes patient safety by ensuring that medications are dispensed and administered as prescribed, and by providing warnings and alerts if there are any potential drug interactions or side effects.CPOE allows healthcare providers to track and monitor medication use, identify potential drug-related problems, and make adjustments as needed to prevent or minimize adverse effects.

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