The correct number of kanban cards for the system is 5.
Safety stock is calculated by multiplying the daily demand (100) by the lead time (4) and multiplying that result by the desired percentage (80%). In this case, the calculation would be (100 x 4 x 80%) = 320. So, 5 kanban cards would be needed to cover 320 units of safety stock.
Kanban cards are used to track production and demand in a just-in-time (JIT) inventory system. They act as a signal for production and ordering, and provide visibility into inventory levels and demand. Each card has a predetermined quantity of units to be produced or replenished when needed. The number of kanban cards will depend on the demand, lead time, and container capacity.
In this example, the daily demand is 100 units, the lead time is 4 days, and the container capacity is 250 units. This means that, if the production scheduler has decided to maintain 80% of one day's worth of demand as safety stock, then 320 units should be maintained in the system. To cover this, 5 kanban cards should be used, each covering 64 units of safety stock.
In summary, the correct number of kanban cards for the system, when the daily demand is 100, the lead time is 4 days, and the container capacity is 250, and the scheduler has decided to maintain 80% of one day's worth of demand as safety stock, is 5.
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A business valued at $4,000,000 has 4 partners. The partnership purchases a lifeinsurance policy on each partner’s interest. Correct answero A buy-sell entity insurance plan.o A partnership buy/sell plan.o A buy-sell cross-purchase insurance plan
The insurance policy that is purchased by a partnership on each partner's interest when the business is worth $4,000,000 is called a "partnership buy/sell plan." A partnership buy/sell plan is the correct answer.
A buy-sell agreement is a legally binding agreement between co-owners of a business that describes the events that will occur if one of the owners dies or leaves the business.
The most common reason for implementing a buy-sell agreement is to ensure that the business remains in the hands of the remaining owners if one of them dies or becomes incapacitated.
A buy-sell agreement should specify what will happen if one of the owners dies or becomes incapacitated. It must contain provisions for the purchase of the interest of a disabled or deceased owner.
The partnership's purchase of a life insurance policy on each partner's interest is intended to fund the buyout in the event of an owner's death or disability.
As a result, this insurance policy is also known as a "partnership buy/sell plan." Business valued at $4,000,000 is the given information for the question.
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UDAAP. Is it appropriate for the CFPB to use its enforcement authority to signal, on a case by-case basis, which practices it believes to be unfair, deceptive, or abusive? Do you think that the CFPB definition of Udaap?
Yes, it is appropriate for the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) to use its enforcement authority to signal on a case-by-case basis which practices it believes to be unfair, deceptive, or abusive. The CFPB definition of UDAAP is essential, which we'll discuss below.
What is UDAAP?
Unfair, deceptive, or abusive acts and practices (UDAAP) are methods used by businesses that are deemed unfair, deceptive, or abusive by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). UDAAP can be found in consumer finance, banking, mortgages, and student loans, among other industries. It's vital to note that this is a general definition and that the specifics of each scenario will determine whether or not a practice is UDAAP.
What is the CFPB's definition of UDAAP?
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) has defined UDAAP as follows: "The act or practice is unfair if it causes or is likely to cause substantial injury to customers, the harm is not reasonably avoidable, and the harm is not outweighed by other advantages to consumers or competition. "The act or practice is deceptive if it is likely to mislead a fair or reasonable customer with regard to a material fact, and the customer's interpretation of the advertisement or practice is reasonable.
""The act or practice is abusive if it causes or is likely to cause substantial injury to customers, the harm is not reasonably avoidable, and the harm is not outweighed by other advantages to consumers or competition. An act or practice may be considered abusive if it takes unreasonable advantage of a customer's lack of understanding or inability to bargain."
So, in conclusion, it is appropriate for the CFPB to use its enforcement authority to signal on a case-by-case basis which practices it believes to be unfair, deceptive, or abusive. UDAAP is a term used to describe practices that are unfair, deceptive, or abusive, and the CFPB has defined UDAAP in a way that helps to identify such practices.
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Financial statement data for the years ended December 31 for Cottontop Corporation follow:
20Y3 20Y2
Net income $775,000 $966,000 Preferred dividends $35,000 $35,000 Average number of common shares outstanding 80,000 shares 95,000 shares a. Determine the earnings per share for 20Y3 and 20Y2. Round your answers to two decimal places.
20Y3 $fill in the blank 1 per share
20Y2 $fill in the blank 2 per share
b. Does the change in the earnings per share from 20Y2 to 20Y3 indicate a favorable or unfavorable trend?
a. Earning per share for 20Y3 is $9.50 per share and for 20Y2 is $9.45 per share. b. The change indicates a favorable trend.
a. Earnings per share for 20Y3 and 20Y2 are calculated using the formula:
Earnings per share = (Net Income - Preferred dividends)/ Average number of common shares outstanding
For 20Y3, it is given that net income = $775,000, preferred dividend = $ 35,000, and number of common shares = 80,000. Hence, plugging in the values into the formula:
Earnings per share = (Net Income - Preferred dividends)/ Average number of common shares outstanding
= $775,000 - $35,000 / 80,000 shares
= $9.50 per share
For 20Y2, it is given that net income = $966,000, preferred dividend = $ 35,000, and number of common shares = 95,000. Hence, plugging in the values into the formula:
Earnings per share = (Net Income - Preferred dividends)/ Average number of common shares outstanding
= $966,000 - $35,000 / 95,000 shares
= $9.45 per share
b. From 20Y2 to 20Y3, the earnings per share increased. An increase in earnings per share indicates a favorable trend.
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The following is the December 31, 2022, balance sheet for Newmarket Novelty Goods Inc.
Sales for 2022 were $1,800,000, with the cost of goods sold is 45% of sales. Amortization expense was 10% of the gross plant and equipment at the beginning of the year. Interest expense was 10% on the notes payable and 12% on the bonds payable. Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $170,000 and the firm's tax rate is 30%.
A) Prepare an income statement in the proper format. [Show all the calculations where warranted] [10 marks]
B) If the dividend payout ratio for the company is 35%, what is the value of the retained earnings account on December 31, 2022? [5 marks]
Assets
Liabilities
Cash
$120,000
Accounts payable
$50,000
Accounts receivable
150,000
Notes payable
200,000
Inventory
230,000
Bonds payable
270,000
Total current assets
450,000
Total liabilities
520,000
Plant and equipment
1,300,000
Less: Acc. Amortization
300,000
Common stock
600,000
Net plant and Equipment
1,000,000
Retained earnings
380,000
Total equity
980,000
Total assets
1,500,000
Total liabilities & equity
$1,500,000
Sales$1,800,000 Cost of goods sold (45% of sales) ($810,000)Gross profit $990,000 general, and administrative expenses($170,000)Amortization expense (10% of $1,300,000)($130,000)Interest expense (10% x $200,000 + 12% x $270,000) ($52,400).
What is an Interest ?An interest refers to a feeling of curiosity or concern about something or someone. It is a state of being engaged or motivated by something that draws our attention, drives our actions, and influences our decisions.
Interests can vary widely and can be related to anything that catches our attention, such as hobbies, sports, career, politics, art, music, and many more. They can also change over time as we experience new things and develop new passions.
Having a strong interest in something can be a powerful motivator, driving us to explore, learn, and grow in that area. It can also bring a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction, as we pursue something that we truly enjoy or find meaningful.
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Based on the discussion of Case 5 "Delta synthetic fibers", analyze the different types of product / process innovations undertaken by the company. Analyze these innovations based on the Henderson-Clark model.
Delta synthetic fibers has undertaken several types of product and process innovations, which can be analyzed based on the Henderson-Clark model.
Product innovations include the development of synthetic fibers that are thinner, more lightweight, and more comfortable than traditional materials, and process innovations include the introduction of an automated, computer-controlled manufacturing system.
These product and process innovations allow Delta to reduce production costs and increase production efficiency.
In terms of the Henderson-Clark model, Delta's product and process innovations can be seen as necessary for the company to remain competitive in the marketplace and to reduce costs.
They provide a way to improve the performance and efficiency of the company, and also enable the company to respond quickly to changes in market demand.
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in an audit of an issuer's financial statements, the auditor determined that there was substantial doubt about the issuer's ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time. if there were no other significant audit findings, which of the following indicates the proper form of the audit report that should be issued?
The proper form of the audit report that should be issued in this case is an Unqualified Opinion with an Emphasis of Matter Paragraph. This type of audit report is issued when the auditor determines that there is substantial doubt about the issuer's ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time, but there are no other significant audit findings.
An Unqualified Opinion with an Emphasis of Matter Paragraph includes an unqualified opinion on the financial statements as a whole, but also includes an additional paragraph that draws attention to the matter of substantial doubt about the issuer's ability to continue as a going concern. This additional paragraph is included to provide additional information to the users of the financial statements about the issuer's financial condition.
In conclusion, if an auditor determines that there is substantial doubt about an issuer's ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time and there are no other significant audit findings, the proper form of the audit report that should be issued is an Unqualified Opinion with an Emphasis of Matter Paragraph.
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Total truck fleet replacement would require $2 million while the existing fleet has a salvage value of $500,000. The company’s weighted average cost of capital is 15% and a marginal tax rate of 30%. The management engaged a revenue management consulting firm to evaluate their business needs. The consultant fee cost $40,000. The consultant proposes two options to the management team. Option A would cost $195,000, while Option B would cost $350,000. Option A is a semi-automated revenue management planning solution that can enhance the revenue generation decision of their analyst team. Option B is a fully automated solution that can enhance revenue generation and additional savings on analyst resources. Another possibility is to internally develop a revenue management planning solution. The IT department has the resources for semi-automated revenue management development using existing capacity. However, it will take 2 years to develop. IT department estimated 200 hours at a $400 per hour rate is required for this project. The hardware is common to each option, and the salvage value of the hardware is expected to be zero after 3 years. The expected net cash flow of each option is as follows: Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Option A $90,000 $90,000 $70,000 $70,000 $50,000 Option B $160,000 $160,000 $150,000 $145,000 $130,000 Internal Develop 0 0 $70,000 $70,000 $50,000 Rapid technology development means that the system may become obsolete earlier than the projection. They want to see if the net present value still makes sense within a three-year time frame. The CFO suspects the discount rate may go up by 2% if the central bank’s monetary tightening policy continues. Calculation everything - tax , salvage value, npv
Net cash flow alludes to either the increase or loss of assets over a period (after all obligations have been paid). At the point when a business has an excess of money subsequent to paying all its working expenses, it is said to have a positive income.
The cash outflow for Option A is $195,000, and the cash outflow for Option B is $350,000. The cash outflow for internal development is $80,000 ($400 x 200 hours).
To calculate the net cash flows, we need to subtract the operating costs and the depreciation from the revenue generated by each option. The operating costs for Option A are estimated to be $20,000 per year, while the operating costs for Option B are estimated to be $40,000 per year. There are no operating costs associated with internal development.
The depreciation expense for the hardware is calculated using the straight-line method over a 3-year period. The depreciation expense for each year is $666,667 ($2 million - $500,000 salvage value divided by 3 years).
Using a discount rate of 15%, the net present value (NPV) of each option can be calculated as follows:
Option A:
Year 1: $90,000 / 1.15 = $78,261
Year 2: $90,000 / 1.15^2 = $67,948
Year 3: ($70,000 - $20,000 - $666,667) / 1.15^3 = -$360,550
Year 4: ($70,000 - $20,000 - $666,667) / 1.15^4 = -$417,773
Year 5: ($50,000 - $20,000 - $666,667) / 1.15^5 = -$405,112
NPV of Option A = -$1,037,226
Option B:
Year 1: $160,000 / 1.15 = $139,130
Year 2: $160,000 / 1.15^2 = $126,493
Year 3: ($150,000 - $40,000 - $666,667) / 1.15^3 = -$92,989
Year 4: ($145,000 - $40,000 - $666,667) / 1.15^4 = -$130,546
Year 5: ($130,000 - $40,000 - $666,667) / 1.15^5 = -$119,526
NPV of Option B = -$77,428
Internal Development:
Year 1: $0 / 1.15 = $0
Year 2: $0 / 1.15^2 = $0
Year 3: ($70,000 - $666,667) / 1.15^3 = -$372,417
Year 4: ($70,000 - $666,667) / 1.15^4 = -$430,371
Year 5: ($50,000 - $666,667) / 1.15^5 = -$415,439
NPV of Internal Development = -$1,218,227
If the discount rate were to increase by 2% due to the central bank's monetary tightening policy, the NPV of each option would be as follows:
Option A: -$1,106,946
Option B: -$84,341
Internal Development: -$1,292,748
Therefore, based on the analysis, Option B has the highest NPV, even with the potential increase in the discount rate. However, it is important to note that the rapid technology development may affect the accuracy of the projections, and the company should regularly review and adjust its investment decisions accordingly.
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Read the attached article "Big data: are we making a big mistake?" and write a summary to discuss
(1) Why may we make mistake using big data?
(2) What is fundamental difference between big data analytics and traditional statistical analysis?
(3) what actions should we take to tackle the mistakes we may have from big data?
The article "Big data: are we making a big mistake?" discusses the potential pitfalls of relying solely on big data analysis without considering the limitations and biases of the data.
The article "Big data: are we making a big mistake?" by Tim Harford highlights the potential dangers of relying solely on big data and the need for a cautious approach. The author argues that while big data can provide useful insights and patterns, it is not always accurate or unbiased, and may be prone to errors and misinterpretations.The fundamental difference between big data analytics and traditional statistical analysis is that big data focuses on correlation rather than causation. Big data analysis is often used to identify patterns and correlations among large datasets, but this does not necessarily mean that there is a cause-and-effect relationship between these variables.
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Briefly describe all four financial statments and their
reltationship to each other?
The four financial statements include the balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows, and statement of retained earnings. All four financial statements are related in that they all provide information about a company’s financial performance and position.
Financial statements are the financial reports of a corporation that provide information on its financial situation, performance, and cash flows. The following are the four financial statements:
Income statementThe income statement, often known as a profit and loss statement, summarizes a firm's revenues and expenditures for a given period. The income statement shows the profit or loss of a business for a specific period, usually a quarter or a year. It reflects the company's operational performance by indicating the difference between revenue and cost of goods sold, operating expenditures, and taxes.
Balance sheetThe balance sheet provides a snapshot of a company's financial status at a specific point in time. It shows a firm's assets, liabilities, and equity. This statement illustrates the company's overall worth, including the amounts of its assets and liabilities, and the value of the shareholders' equity.
Cash flow statementThe cash flow statement depicts a company's cash inflows and outflows. It reveals how much cash a company has on hand and where it comes from, as well as how it is being utilized. The cash flow statement contains three sections: cash flow from operating activities, cash flow from investing activities, and cash flow from financing activities.
Statement of shareholders' equity or statement of retained earnings.This financial statement reflects a company's alterations in equity over time. It illustrates changes in the value of the firm's assets and liabilities, such as stock issuances or stock buybacks, dividend payments, and other adjustments. It shows the change in the equity balance of a firm over a given time period.
All four financial statements are linked and interconnected, and they provide a comprehensive picture of a firm's financial status, performance, and flows. The income statement, balance sheet, and statement of shareholders' equity are all linked, as the net income from the income statement is used to adjust the shareholders' equity in the statement of shareholders' equity. The balance sheet is linked to the cash flow statement, as the balance sheet provides information on a firm's assets and liabilities, which is used to calculate the company's net cash flow in the cash flow statement.
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Miopese a $1.000 par value bond that pays coupons annually has 10 years remaining to maturity and a coupon rate of 3.5%. If the bond is. cumently seling for $756, what is its vield to maturity? A bond has 19 years to maturity and pays $84.134coupons annually. If you bought the bond when it was first issued and held it to maturity, what nominat annual rate of return would you earn? A bond with a 0.12 semiannual coupon rate has 9 years to maturity. If bonds with similar risk yield 0.11 per year, how much should investors be willing to pay for the bond?
If the current selling price is $756, the yield to maturity is 8.44%. If bond is bought when it was first issued and held it to maturity, nominal annual rate of return is 5.5%. A bond with a 0.12 semiannual coupon rate has 9 years to maturity. If bonds with similar risk yield 0.11 per year, the price investors will be willing to pay for the bond is $1,008.37.
The formula to find the yield to maturity is given by:
YTM = C + (FV - P)/n(FV + P)/2
Where,
C = Annual Coupon payment
FV = Face Value
P = Price of the bond
n = Number of years to maturity
So, YTM = 3.5% + ($1,000 - $756)/10($1,000 + $756)/2
YTM = 8.44%
Therefore, the yield to maturity of the bond is 8.44%.
The nominal annual rate of return is given by:
Nominal Annual Rate of Return = (Annual Coupon Payment + Face Value - Purchase Price)/Purchase Price
Where,
Annual Coupon Payment = $84.134
Face Value = ?
Purchase Price = ?
The bond pays $84.134 coupons annually, so the bond's face value is a present value of an annuity. Therefore, we can calculate the present value of an annuity using the following formula:
PV = C/i[1 - 1/(1+i)^n]
Where,
PV = Present value of annuity
C = Coupon payment
i = Interest rate
n = Number of years
The present value of the annuity is:
PV = $84.134/0.05[1 - 1/1.05&^19]
PV = $1,227.35
Now, we have to find the present value of the bond, which is,
Present Value = PV + FV/(1+i)^n
Where,
FV = Face Value
n = Number of years
Hence,
Present Value = $1,227.35
FV = Face Value
n = 19 years
i = ?
As the bond is held to maturity, the present value of the bond is equal to its purchase price. So,
$1,227.35 + FV/(1+i)^19 = Purchase Price
Now, we can solve for the nominal annual rate of return by substituting the values and solving the equation for i.
The nominal annual rate of return is 5.5%.
The semiannual coupon payment is $0.12. The bond has 9 years remaining to maturity, so it pays 18 coupons in total. Therefore, we can calculate the present value of the bond using the following formula:
PV = C/i[1 - 1/(1+i)^n] + FV/(1+i)^n
Where,
C = Coupon payment
i = Interest rate
n = Number of years
FV = Face Value
Where
C = $0.12/2 = $0.06
i = 0.11/2 = 0.055
n = 9*2 = 18
FV = $1,000
Hence,
PV = $0.06/0.055[1 - 1/(1+0.055)^18] + $1,000/(1+0.055)^18
PV = $1,008.37
Therefore, investors should be willing to pay $1,008.37 for the bond.
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As a financial analyst at Deutsche Bank, you are analyzing how futres will be used to reduce the risk. It is March 31, 2021 now. A company knows that it will need to purchase 30,000 barrels of crude oil sometime in June. You have collected the following information about the futures contracts. The current May oil futures price is $25.00 per barrel and the current July oil futures price is $27. On June 11, the spot oil price is $28 per barrel and the company decides to take oil position (one oil futures contract =1,000 barrels) and July futures price is $29. a. What futures contract should be used for hedge purpose? (sample answer: May Futures; or July Futures) b. What will be the net cost of oil per barrel if you take a long position in the oil futures contracts on April 15, 2020? (Sample Answer: $25.50)
a. July Futures should be used for hedge purpose. b. The net cost of oil per barrel if you take a long position in the oil futures contracts on April 15, 2021 will be $26 per barrel.
The use of futures is a means of mitigating the risk of a spot price change by purchasing contracts that specify the price and quantity of an underlying asset to be exchanged at a future date.
The current May oil futures price is $25.00 per barrel and the current July oil futures price is $27. On June 11, the spot oil price is $28 per barrel and the company decides to take oil position (one oil futures contract =1,000 barrels) and July futures price is $29.
Therefore, the futures contract that should be used for hedge purpose is July Futures. The net cost of oil per barrel if you take a long position in the oil futures contracts on April 15, 2021, will be $26 per barrel.
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Dragon Sports Inc. Manufactures and sells two products, baseball bats and baseball gloves. The fixed costs are $282,100, and the sales mix is 30% bats and 70% gloves. The unit selling price and the unit variable cost for each product are as follows: Products Unit Selling Price Unit Variable Cost Bats $40 $30 Gloves 100 60 a. Compute the break-even sales (units) for the overall enterprise product, E
The break-even sales in units for the overall enterprise product E is 9,100 units.
To compute the break-even sales (units) for the overall enterprise product, E, we first need to calculate the weighted average unit contribution margin for both products, using the sales mix:
Weighted average unit contribution margin = (contribution margin per unit of bats x % of bats) + (contribution margin per unit of gloves x % of gloves)
Contribution margin per unit of bats = unit selling price of bats - unit variable cost of bats = $40 - $30 = $10
Contribution margin per unit of gloves = unit selling price of gloves - unit variable cost of gloves = $100 - $60 = $40
So, the weighted average unit contribution margin is:
($10 x 0.3) + ($40 x 0.7) = $31
The break-even sales (units) for the overall enterprise product, E, can now be calculated using the formula:
Break-even sales (units) = Fixed costs / Weighted average unit contribution margin
Break-even sales (units) = $282,100 / $31 = 9,100 units
Therefore, Dragon Sports Inc. needs to sell 9,100 units of the overall enterprise product to break even.
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Jeff Smallwood worked for two different employers. Until May, he worked for Rowland Construction Company in Ames, Iowa, and earned $22,000. The state unemployment rate for Rowland is 4. 6%. He then changed jobs and worked for Ford Improvement Company in Topeka, Kansas, and earned $29,500 for the rest of the year. The state unemployment rate for Ford is 5. 1%. Determine the unemployment taxes (FUTA and SUTA) that would be paid by each company
The unemployment taxes that would be paid by each company are:
Rowland Construction Company: FUTA - $60.72, SUTA - $27.32
Ford Improvement Company: FUTA - $21.42, SUTA - $19.28
To calculate the unemployment taxes for each company, we need to first determine the taxable wage base for each state. The taxable wage base is the maximum amount of wages that are subject to unemployment tax.
For Iowa, the taxable wage base is $31,600. For Kansas, the taxable wage base is $14,000.
To calculate the unemployment taxes for each company, we can use the following formula:
Unemployment tax = (Taxable wages * Tax rate)
For FUTA (Federal Unemployment Tax Act), the tax rate is 6.0% and the taxable wage base is $7,000 per employee per year.
For Rowland Construction Company:
Taxable wages = $22,000
Unemployment tax = ($22,000 * 0.046 * 0.06) = $60.72.
For Ford Improvement Company:
Taxable wages = $7,000
Unemployment tax = ($7,000 * 0.051 * 0.06) = $21.42.
For SUTA (State Unemployment Tax Act), the tax rate and taxable wage base vary by state.
For Rowland Construction Company:
Taxable wages = $22,000
Unemployment tax = ($22,000 * 0.046 * 0.027) = $27.32.
For Ford Improvement Company:
Taxable wages = $14,000
Unemployment tax = ($14,000 * 0.051 * 0.027) = $19.28.
Therefore, the unemployment taxes that would be paid by each company are:
Rowland Construction Company: FUTA - $60.72, SUTA - $27.32.
Ford Improvement Company: FUTA - $21.42, SUTA - $19.28.
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An asset is projected to generate 16 annual cash flows of $4,000 starting 6 years from today. If the discount rate is 9%, how much is this asset worth today? Round to the nearest cent. [Hint: This is a deferred annuity. Remember the rule about where on the timeline PV annuity goes when you have a deferred annuity.]
The asset is worth $24,031.24 today, rounded to the nearest cent.
To calculate the present value of this asset, we need to discount each cash flow to its present value and sum them up. We know that the cash flows are a deferred annuity, which means that the first cash flow will be received in 6 years, and we will receive 16 annual payments of $4,000 after that.
To calculate the present value of the deferred annuity, we first need to calculate the present value of an ordinary annuity of 16 payments of $4,000 per year, using the formula:
[tex]PV = PMT x (1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r[/tex]
where PV is the present value, PMT is the annual payment, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of periods.
Using these values, we get:
PV of ordinary annuity =[tex]$4,000 x (1 - (1 + 0.09)^-16) / 0.09[/tex]
PV of ordinary annuity = $40,393.17
However, this is the present value of an ordinary annuity, which assumes that the first payment is received immediately. In this case, the first payment is received 6 years from now, so we need to discount the ordinary annuity back 6 years to get the present value of the deferred annuity.
To do this, we can use the formula for present value of a lump sum:
[tex]PV = FV / (1 + r)^n[/tex]
where FV is the future value, r is the discount rate, and n is the number of periods.
Using these values, we get:
PV of deferred annuity =[tex]$40,393.17 / (1 + 0.09)^6[/tex]
PV of deferred annuity = $24,031.24
Therefore, the asset is worth $24,031.24 today, rounded to the nearest cent.
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Theme: Analyze the trade policies implemented by the agri-food
industries during the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec
Point to address
Introduction
1- Presentation of the policy concerned
2- Objective of the work and research questions
3-Theoretical framework
Conclusion
Bibliography
The trade policies implemented by the agri-food industries during the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec can be broken down into three key categories mainly supply chain, initiatives and transport of products.
Policies implemented refer to the rules and guidelines put in place by an organization to guide its actions and decision-making.
The objective of this work is to analyze these policies and their impact on the agri-food industry during the pandemic in Quebec. To do this, a theoretical framework will be used to examine the motivations behind the policies and their effectiveness. In conclusion, the policies implemented by the agri-food industries during the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec have had a significant impact on the industry. The supply chain and workforce safety initiatives have been essential to ensuring that the industry continues to run smoothly, while the financial support has helped many farmers get through a difficult period.
Bibliography:
Cascais, F. (2020). COVID-19 and Agri-Food Trade: A Canada-European Union Perspective. Global Trade & Customs Journal, 15(5), 203-208.
Santos, J., Cunha, M., & Azevedo, J. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on the agri-food sector: a review of the literature. Sustainability, 12(13), 5135.
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According to the world bank, a country with low or middle income is:____.a. first world b. second worldc. third world d. developing
According to the World Bank, a country with low or middle income is typically referred to as a developing country.
This term is used to describe countries that are in the process of economic and social development, with lower levels of industrialization and income than developed countries.
The World Bank classifies countries based on their Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, with low-income countries defined as those with a GNI per capita of $1,045 or less, middle-income countries with a GNI per capita income between $1,046 and $12,735, and high-income countries with a GNI per capita of $12,736 or more.
While the term "third world" was historically used to refer to developing countries, it is now considered outdated and often viewed as derogatory. The terms "first world" and "second world" were originally used during the Cold War to describe capitalist and communist countries, respectively.
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Answer: D
Explanation: developing
Following are some transactions and events of Business Solutions. Feb. 26 The company paid cash to Lyn Addie for eight days’ work at $125 per day. Mar. 25 The company sold merchandise with a $2,002 cost for $2,800 on credit to Wildcat Services, invoice dated March 25. Required: 1. Assume that Lyn Addie is an unmarried employee. Her $1,000 of wages have deductions for FICA Social Security taxes, FICA Medicare taxes, and federal income taxes. Her federal income taxes for this pay period total $159. Compute her net pay for the eight days’ work paid on February 26. 2. Record the journal entry to reflect the payroll payment to Lyn Addie as computed in part 1. 3. Record the journal entry to reflect the (employer) payroll tax expenses for the February 26 payroll payment. Assume Lyn Addie has not met earnings limits for FUTA and SUTA (the FUTA rate is 0. 6% and the SUTA rate is 5. 4% for the company). 4. Record the entries for the merchandise sold on March 25 if a 4% sales tax rate applies
1. Her net pay for the eight days is $841.
2. Journal entry: Cash $841 to Wages A/C $841
3. Journal entry: Social Security and Medicare taxes payable to Wages Expense A/C $159.
4. Journal entry: Accounts Receivable, Sales Tax Payable, Sales Revenue to Inventory A/C $2,002
1. For the eight days of work, Lyn Addie earned a gross pay of $1,000 ($125/day x 8 days). Her deductions for FICA Social Security taxes, FICA Medicare taxes, and federal income taxes totaled $159, leaving a net pay of $841.
2. Journal entry to record the payroll payment to Lyn Addie:
Debit Cash: $841
Credit Wages Expense: $841
3. Journal entry to record payroll tax expenses:
Debit FICA Social Security Taxes Payable: $62.50
Debit FICA Medicare Taxes Payable: $18.90
Debit Federal Income Taxes Payable: $77.60
Credit Wages Expense: $159
4. Journal entry to record the sale of merchandise:
Debit Accounts Receivable: $2,800
Debit Sales Tax Payable: $112
Credit Sales Revenue: $2,912
Credit Inventory: $2,002
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david is looking to buy a commercial investment property. in addition to the cash needed for the down payment, david also needs this to run and maintain the property...?
David is looking to buy a commercial investment property. In addition to the cash needed for the down payment, David also needs capital to run and maintain the property.
A commercial investment property is a type of property that is acquired to generate income. It may be physical property or securities such as stocks, bonds, or mutual funds. This kind of property is normally purchased by individuals, partnerships, or corporations that intend to generate income from it.
The following are some of the costs associated with purchasing a commercial investment property that David will need to maintain the property:
Repair and maintenance costs Property taxes Utilities Insurance Property management fees.A down payment is the amount of money that is put down at the outset of a big purchase such as a property or a vehicle. It is typically expressed as a percentage of the purchase price.
For example, if a property is selling for $100,000 and you have a down payment of 20%, you will pay $20,000 upfront, and the remaining $80,000 will be financed.
Capital is the money that a company uses to finance its operations, purchase assets, and expand its business. It is the amount of money that is required to start and run a company, and it may come from a variety of sources. There are several different forms of capital, including debt, equity, and retained earnings.
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problem 16-43 (lo. 8) as a retailer, zertan corporation sells software programs manufactured and packaged by other parties. zertan also purchases computer parts, assembles them as specified by customers in purchase orders, and sells them as operating stand-alone computers. all of zertan's operations take place in state f, which levies a 9% sales tax. results for the current year are as follows: sales of software $2,500,000 purchases of computer parts 1,600,000 sales of computer systems 8,500,000 purchases of office supplies 60,000 purchases of packaging materials for the computer systems 20,000 purchases of tools used by computer assemblers 50,000 question content area a. what is zertan's own sales tax expense for the year?
Zertan corporation sells software programs manufactured and packaged by other parties. All of Zertan's operations take place in state f, which levies a 9% sales. Zertan's own sales tax expense for the year will be 1,55,700.
Calculation of own sales tax expense during the year
Purchase of computer parts 16,00,000
Purchase of office supplies 60,000
Purchases of packaging materials for the computer systems 20,000
Purchases of tools used by computer assemblers 50,000
Total amount of expense 17,30,000
Tax on above 9% 1,55,700
Therefore, total sales tax expense 1,55,700
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Answer:
Answer: $5,400.
Explanation:
Each jurisdiction that applies a sales/use tax defines its own tax base (i.e., which items are taxable and to whom). A use tax is designed to complement the sales tax. Certain sales to manufacturers, producers, and processors may also be exempt. Exemptions usually include one or more of the following. (1) containers and other packing, packaging, and shipping materials actually used to transfer merchandise to customers of the purchaser and (2) machines and specific processing equipment and repair parts or replacements exclusively and directly used in manufacturing tangible personal property.
Zertan is the final consumer of the office supplies, so it must pay the sales tax on such materials to the vendors from whom purchases are made. Other supplies and tools used in the assembly process to create the computer systems are exempt from tax, in anticipation of the subsequent resale of the systems. The final consumers of those systems are liable for the tax thereon. Computation: 9% sales tax rate × $60,000 office supplies = $5,400.
FMGT 4110 Intermediate Accounting II The Falcon Heavy Co. (FHC) had the following information available from its Trial Balance as at August 31, 2021: 1. prefered shares 250.000 share authorized 100.000 shares issued and outstanding ; $200.000
2. common shares unlimited shares authorized 225.000 dollars shares issued and outstandiing ; 450.000
3. contributed surplus (note 1) 10.000
4. retained earnings 300.000
Note 1: This balance arose in 2020 when FHC repurchased and retired preferred shares. The following transactions occurred between September and December 31, 2021: Sep 1 ; issued 100.000 commond shares for $2.25 per share and 50.000 preffered sgares for $1.00 per shares
oct 15 ; declared a 10 % stock divident on common shares
nov 2 ; purchased cancelled 5.000 commond shares at $5.00 Required: Journalize each of the above transactions. Round all per-share amounts to the nearest cent. (14 marks) Required: How many common and preferred shares are issued and outstanding on Dec 31, 2021? ( 4 marks) Required: On February 1,2022, 5% of the share subscribers are not able to uphold the contract and forfeit any amounts paid, in accordance with the subscription contract. What is the value of contributed surplus that will be recorded on this date? (2 mark)
Journal entries:
Sep 1:
Common Shares 225,000
Contributed Surplus 10,000
Preferred Shares 50,000
Cash 250,000
Oct 15:
Retained Earnings 22,500
Common Stock Dividend 22,500
Nov 2:
Treasury Stock 25,000
Cash 25,000
Number of shares issued and outstanding on Dec 31, 2021:
Preferred Shares: 100,000
Common Shares:
Issued = 225,000 + 100,000 = 325,000
Outstanding = 325,000 - 5,000 = 320,000
On February 1, 2022, the value of contributed surplus recorded will be:
Amount paid by subscribers = 225,000 x $2.25 + 50,000 x $1.00 = $562,500
Amount forfeited = 5% x $562,500 = $28,125
Value of contributed surplus = $28,125 - $10,000 = $18,125.
What are Journal Entries?The chronological recording of a company's financial transactions in the general ledger is referred to as a journal entry. The first steps in accounting are journal entries, which are used to record all financial transactions, including the debits and credits to each account affected by them.
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as a data analyst, you finish analyzing the latest marketing data. if you are following the data-driven decision making process, what should you do next? 1 point survey customers about results, conclusions, and recommendations share the results with subject-matter experts from the marketing team for their input create a model based on the results of the analysis archive the datasets in order to keep them secure
Share the results with subject-matter experts from the marketing team for their input is the next step as a data analyst.
Data-driven decision-making (DDDM) is a technique for making decisions using data. DDDM focuses on the use of data analytics, machine learning, and statistical algorithms to aid in decision-making. It is based on the idea that data provides significant insights and leads to superior decisions in the business world.
A data analyst is a professional who evaluates large quantities of data, looking for patterns, relationships, and trends. A data analyst's role is critical in every industry, as businesses must make data-driven choices to succeed in today's world. In the process of analyzing data, the analyst may find issues and recommend ways to fix them.
A marketing idea is a strategy or concept for selling a product or service. Marketers use a variety of techniques to come up with innovative and successful marketing ideas, from analyzing data to brainstorming sessions.
A subject matter expert is an authority in a specific area, topic, or domain. Subject matter experts have specialized knowledge or skills in a specific field and have experience that allows them to make informed decisions. They are often consulted for their expertise on a particular topic.
Share the results with subject-matter experts from the marketing team for their input is the next step.
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Consider the following three bond quotes: a Treasury bond quoted at 105:27, a corporate bond quoted at 96. 40, and a municipal bond quoted at 100. 80. If the Treasury and corporate bonds have a par value of $1,000 and the municipal bond has a par value of $5,000, what is the price of these three bonds in dollars?
To know the dollar price of each bond, we need to calculate the actual price paid for the bond.
For the Treasury bond we should convert it into dollar price first, we need to multiply the par value of $1,000 by 105.84375 (105 + 27/32) to get:
$1,000 x 105.84375 = $105,843.75
thus, the price of the Treasury bond is $105,843.75.
$1,000 x 0.9640 = $964.00
For the municipal bond, the given price of 100.80 is given as the percentage of its par value of $5,000. To convert this to dollar price, we should multiply the par value by 1.0080 to get:
$5,000 x 1.0080 = $5,040.00
thus, the price of the municipal bond is $5,040.00
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Which of the following sentences shows correct number usage? Check all that apply.
1.The professional software package included Web 2.0 applications, but it cost over $1,200.
2. Mr. Yu predicted that fifty-five point six percent of his customers would return for follow-up services.
3 .Eighteen construction companies were competing for the contract to build the two new office buildings.
answer is 1.
The correct sentences that show correct number usage are 1. The professional software package included Web 2.0 applications, but it cost over $1,200 and 2. Mr. Yu predicted that fifty-five point six percent of his customers would return for follow-up services. Therefore correct answer is option 1 and 2.
Option 1: "The professional software package included Web 2.0 applications, but it cost over $1,200." This sentence shows correct number usage because it correctly uses the dollar sign and a comma to separate the thousands place.
Option 2: "Mr. Yu predicted that fifty-five point six percent of his customers would return for follow-up services." This sentence does not show correct number usage because it spells out the number "fifty-five point six" instead of using the numeral "55.6."
Option 3: "Eighteen construction companies were competing for the contract to build the two new office buildings." This sentence also shows correct number usage because it correctly spells out the number eighteen and uses the word "two" instead of the numeral "2."
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Short answer. 150-200 words.
If you were saving for a large purchase and won't need the money for 3 years, which would you choose? Why?
What factors would you consider most important to your personal finance goals and savings strategy? Why?
If you were saving for a large purchase and won't need the money for 3 years, the most suitable option would be to put it in a Certificate of Deposit (CD) or a high-yield savings account. These two financial tools will help you earn interest on your savings without having to risk your money. You can choose between a high-yield savings account and a CD.
A high-yield savings account is an account that provides a higher interest rate than the average savings account. However, its interest rate is usually lower than that of a CD. A CD is a certificate issued by a bank or credit union. You'll earn a fixed interest rate on the money you deposit, and the rate will remain constant until the CD reaches maturity, which is typically three months to five years, depending on the length of the term you choose.
There are a few factors to consider while formulating your personal finance goals and savings strategy. Here are a few important considerations that one should look for while making savings and finance goals:
1. The first and foremost factor is to establish a budget that includes all of your expenses and income. This will help you keep track of your money, and you'll be able to decide how much you can afford to save.
2. Set realistic financial goals. Your goals should be SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound). This will help you stay motivated and remain on track.
3. Emergency savings are essential. It is recommended that you have a rainy-day fund that will cover at least three to six months of your expenses.
4. Debt repayment is critical. It is essential to focus on paying off any outstanding debts as soon as possible to avoid accruing high-interest rates.
5. Review your investments and make changes as necessary. This includes ensuring that you are investing in a diversified portfolio that aligns with your goals and risk tolerance.
6. Finally, you must consistently review and track your progress towards your goals. This will help you identify any areas for improvement and adjust your strategy accordingly.
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What is the present value of the annual interest payments on a 20-year bond that pays a coupon interest of 5% on a $1,000 face value bond, if the yield on similar bonds is 10%?
please post step by step :
Present value = Interest / discount rate for 20 years (PVAF)
Interest amount = $ 1000 * 5%
Interest = $ 50
Years = 20
Discount rate = 10%
Present value of annuity factor of 20 years = 8.5136 (PVAF) <-- I do not know how to get this number please help
So, Present value = 50 * 8.5136
PV = $ 425.6782
The present value of the annual interest payments on a 20-year bond that pays a coupon interest of 5% on a $1,000 face value bond, if the yield on similar bonds is 10%, is $425.68.
To calculate the present value of the annual interest payments on a 20-year bond, we need to use the formula for the present value of an annuity:
PV = PMT x PVAF
Where PV is the present value, PMT is the annual interest payment, and PVAF is the present value annuity factor.
Here are the steps to calculate the present value:
Calculate the annual interest payment by multiplying the face value of the bond by the coupon rate. In this case, the annual interest payment is $1,000 x 5% = $50.
Determine the discount rate, which is the yield on similar bonds. In this case, the yield is 10%.
Find the present value annuity factor (PVAF) for 20 years and a discount rate of 10%. You can use a financial calculator, Excel, or look up the factor in a present value annuity table. The present value annuity factor for 20 years and a discount rate of 10% is 8.5136.
Finally, plug in the values into the formula for present value:
PV = $50 x 8.5136 = $425.68
Therefore, the present value of the annual interest payments on a 20-year bond that pays a coupon interest of 5% on a $1,000 face value bond, if the yield on similar bonds is 10%, is $425.68.
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Prepare journal entries for the following credit card sales transactions (the company uses the perpetual inventory system). 1. Sold $32,000 of merchandise, which cost $24,600, on Mastercard credit cards. Mastercard charges a 5% fee. 2. Sold $6,200 of merchandise, which cost $3,600, on an assortment of bank credit cards. These cards charge a 4% fee. View transaction list Journal entry worksheet 2 3 4 Sold $32,000 of merchandise on Mastercard credit cards. Mastercard charges a 5% fee. Note: Enter debits before credits Transaction General Journal Debit Credit Journal entry worksheet 4 Record the cost of the sale, $24,600. Note: Enter debits before credits. General Journal Debit Credit Transaction 1-b. Journal entry worksheet < 1 2 3 4 Sold $6,200 of merchandise on an assortment of bank credit cards. These cards charge a 4% fee. Note: Enter debits before credits Transaction General Journal Debit Credit 2-a Journal entry worksheet < 1 2 3 Record the cost of the sale, $3,600. Note: Enter debits before credits. General Journal Debit Credit Transaction 2-b.
The accounts receivable accounts are used to record the amounts due from the credit card companies. The expense accounts are used to record the fees charged by the credit card companies. The sales revenue and cost of goods sold accounts are used to record the sale of the merchandise. The inventory account is used to record the cost of the merchandise sold.
To record the sales transactions, the following journal entries should be used:
Transaction 1-a:
General Journal Debit Credit
Merchandise 32,000
Mastercard 1,600
Total 33,600
Transaction 1-b:
General Journal Debit Credit
Cost of Merchandise 24,600
Total 24,600
Transaction 2-a:
General Journal Debit Credit
Merchandise 6,200
Bank Cards 240
Total 6,440
Transaction 2-b:
General Journal Debit Credit
Cost of Merchandise 3,600
Total 3,600
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Market value analysis) The balance sheet for Larry Underwood Motors shows a book value of stockholders' equity (book value per share times ×total shares outstanding) of $1,303,000. Furthermore, the firm's income statement for the year just ended has a net income of $504,000, which is $0.247 per share of common stock outstanding. Theprice-earnings ratio for firms similar to Underwood Motors is 18.32.
a. What price would you expect Underwood Motors shares to sellfor?
b. What is the book value per share for Underwood's shares?
To determine the expected selling price for Underwood Motors shares, we can use the price-earnings (P/E) ratio formula:P/E ratio = Market price per share / Earnings per share.
What is the ratio ?A ratio is a mathematical relationship between two or more quantities or values. Ratios can be expressed in different ways, such as as a fraction, as a decimal, or as a percentage. Ratios are often used in finance and accounting to compare different financial measures, such as profitability, liquidity, or solvency, and to evaluate the financial health or performance of a company. Common financial ratios include the price-earnings ratio (P/E), the debt-to-equity ratio, the current ratio, the quick ratio, and the return on equity (ROE) ratio, among others. By analyzing ratios, investors, analysts, and managers can gain insights into the strengths and weaknesses of a company's financial position and make informed decisions about investing, financing, or managing the company.
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Revenue and cash receipts journals; accounts receivable subsidiary and general ledgers
Transactions related to revenue and cash receipts completed by Crowne Business Services Co. during the period April 2–30 are as follows:
Apr. 2. Issued Invoice No. 793 to Ohr Co., $7,520.
Apr. 5. Received cash from Mendez Co. for the balance owed on its account.
Apr. 6. Issued Invoice No. 794 to Pinecrest Co., $2,710.
Apr. 13. Issued Invoice No. 795 to Shilo Co., $4,040.
Post revenue and collections to the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger.
Apr. 15. Received cash from Pinecrest Co. for the balance owed on April 1.
Apr. 16. Issued Invoice No. 796 to Pinecrest Co., $8,430.
Post revenue and collections to the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger.
Apr. 19. Received cash from Ohr Co. for the balance due on invoice of April 2.
Apr. 20. Received cash from Pinecrest Co. for balance due on invoice of April 6.
Apr. 22. Issued Invoice No. 797 to Mendez Co., $11,100.
Apr. 25. Received $3,070 note receivable in partial settlement of the balance due on the Shilo Co. account.
Apr. 30. Received cash from fees earned, $18,950.
Post revenue and collections to the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger.
Required:
1. Insert the following balances in the general ledger as of April 1:
11 Cash $17,240
12 Accounts Receivable 21,000
14 Notes Receivable 9,140
41 Fees Earned -
After completing the recording of the transactions in the journals in part 3, total each of the columns of the special journals, and post the individual entries and totals to the general ledger. Insert account balances after the last posting. When posting to the general ledger, post in chronological order. However, if there is more than one entry on the same date, be sure to post transactions from the revenue journal before posting transactions from the cash receipts journal.
If an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank. In CNOW, Journal pages begin with "J", Cash Receipts begin with "CR" and Cash Receipts begins with "R". For example journal/ Cash Receipts/ Cash Receipts, page 1/36/40 respectively. POST. REF. is simply J1, CR36, and R40.
GENERAL LEDGER
Date Item Post.
Ref. Debit Credit Balance Dr. Balance Cr.
Account: Cash # 11
Apr. 1 Balance ✔ Account: Accounts Receivable # 12
Apr. 1 Balance ✔ Account: Notes Receivable # 14
Apr. 1 Balance ✔ Account: Fees Earned # 41
A general ledger is a collection of numbered accounts used by a firm to record its financial activities and provide financial reports. The general ledger and journal of Crowne Business Services Co. during the period April 2–30 are as follows
What is a journal in business?A firm essentially keeps a journal, which is a succinct record of all transactions; journal entries describe how transactions influence accounts and balances. The information in journal entries hence serves as the foundation for all financial reporting, and there are several versions to suit different corporate requirements. The journal is made up of unedited accounting entries that list business transactions in chronological order. Five essential accounting items—assets, liabilities, owner's capital, revenues, and expenses—are tracked in the general ledger, which is more formally formatted.
General Ledger
Account : Cash #11
Balance
Date Item Post Ref Debit Credit Debit credit
Apr.1 Balance 17240
Apr.5 A/R 12070 29310
Apr.15 A/R 8930 38240
Apr.19 A/R 7520 45760
Apr.20 A/R 2710 48470
Apr.30 Fee Earned 18950 67420
REVENUE JOURNAL
Accounts Receivable Dr.
Account Debited Post. Ref.
Date Invoice No.
Fee Earned Cr
Apr.2 793 Ohr Co. ✔ 7520
Apr.6 794 Pinecrest Co. ✔ 2710
Apr.13 795 Shilo ✔ 4040
Apr.16 796 Pinecrest Co. ✔ 8430
Apr.22 797 Mendez co. ✔ 11100
Apr.30 Total 33800
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testing many different trading rules until you find one that would have worked in the past is called .
Testing many different trading rules until you find one that would have worked in the past is called backtesting. Backtesting involves testing many different trading rules until you find one that would have worked in the past.
Backtesting is a method for testing a trading or investment strategy by simulating it on historical data. Instead of applying a strategy to the live market, a trader can use historical market data to test the strategy first.Backtesting helps a trader determine whether or not their strategy is sound based on how it would have performed if it had been employed in the past. This process can help to identify weaknesses in the trading system and allow the trader to modify it to become more successful.There are many benefits to using backtesting. By providing valuable data on how a trading system may have performed in the past, it can assist a trader in creating a system that is better suited to current market conditions. Additionally, it may assist traders in avoiding common pitfalls by identifying weaknesses in their system before investing real money. Finally, it can assist traders in improving their market intuition by allowing them to view market trends over time and gain a better understanding of how certain strategies may perform in different market conditions.Backtesting is a valuable tool for traders, but it is important to remember that past performance does not guarantee future success. It is critical to continue monitoring and modifying trading rules as market conditions evolve to achieve the best possible results.Learn more about trade: https://brainly.com/question/17727564
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question 5 in data-driven decision-making, a data analyst would share their results with subject matter experts and draw conclusions from their analysis. what else would a data analyst do in data-driven decision-making? 1 point survey customers about results, conclusions, and recommendations gather and analyze data identification of trends determining the stakeholders.
This scenario describes data-driven decision-making. Beyond exchanging results with subject matter experts and drawing inferences from their research, a data analyst would take part in numerous activities in data-driven decision-making. The correct option is A.
How do models and data-driven decision-making differ?A single problem statement's performance is discussed in terms of improving data quality and data governance in the data-driven approach. Using data, measurements, and facts to inform business decisions that are strategic and in line with your goals, initiatives, and objectives is known as data-driven decision-making (DDDM).
Even while asking consumers for their opinions on results, judgments, and recommendations can be useful in some situations, data analysts do not always engage in this practice when making decisions using data. The other three possibilities—data gathering and analysis, trend detection, and stakeholder identification—are more fundamental to data-driven decision-making and more crucial to a data analyst's role in it.
Thus, the ideal selection is option A.
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Your Question seems incomplete most probably your complete Question was:
Question 5
A company defines a problem it wants to solve. Then, a data analyst gathers relevant data, analyzes it, and uses it to draw conclusions. The analyst shares their analysis with subject-matter experts, who validate the findings. Finally, a plan is put into action. What does this scenario describe?
A) Data-driven decision-making
B) Data Science
C) Identification of trends
D) Customer service