Answers
A cladogram shows the evolutionary relationship between groups. In the exposed example, the order is ancestor cell (0 mutations), amoeba (3 mutations), sponge (6 mutations), earthworm (8 mutations), shark (11 mutations), lizard (12 mutations), kangaroo (14 mutations), cat (16 mutations), dolphin (17 mutations).
What is a cladogram?
A Cladogram is a graph drown as a tree, which is based on cladistic analysis. It represents the common ancestral relationships and the emergence of different characters among the involved groups.
The cladistic analysis follows the maximum parsimony criterium. It recognizes the monophyletic groups as natural groups. These groups are the clades, and their classification -sequencing- represents their phylogeny.
Cladograms represent the relationship between groups according to a derivated character.
The derivated character is any trait that a group passes to the descendants. Through evolution, the characters change, and new changes are added. When referring to a derivate character, we mean that all the subsequent species in the cladogram carry the trait.
A cladogram provides an image of how new species keep characters that were inherited from older species.
In the cladogram we need to make, we can order them from the oldest to the most evolved as follows,
ancestor cell (0 mutations)amoeba (3 mutations conserning amoeba)sponge (6 mutations conserning amoeba)earthworm (8 mutations conserning amoeba)shark (11 mutations conserning amoeba)lizard (12 mutations conserning amoeba)kangaroo (14 mutations conserning amoeba)cat (16 mutations conserning amoeba)dolphin (17 mutations conserning amoeba)You can learn more about cladograms at
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Related Questions
What are the 3 columns of spine explain briefly
Answers
Answer:
anterior column. Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) anterior two-thirds of the vertebral body.
middle column. Posterior one-third of the vertebral body. posterior one-third of the intervertebral disc (annulus fibrosus) ...
posterior column. everything posterior to the PLL. pedicles.
Explanation:
Albinism is an autonomous recessive condition. Which circle graph shows the genotype probability when an albino female mates with a male that is heterozygous for the albinism trait?
Answers
The circle graph that would show the organism that is hete---rozygous is option H.
What is hete---rozygous?An individual is said to be heter---ozygous if they have two distinct alleles of the same gene. Having two distinct forms or variations of a gene at a particular locus on a pair of hom---ologous chromosomes is described as hete---rozygosity.
Alleles are several variations or alternate variants of a gene that can produce various traits or characteristics. An individual who is hete---rozygous inherits one allele from one parent and the other allele from the other parent.
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What type of human activities might threaten the spiny dogfish population?
Answers
The activities that threaten the spiny dogfish population are Overfishing, Climate Change, Illegal trade, Bycatch etc.
Overfishing occurs when the spiny dog fish are caught at the rate higher than their reproductive capacity. This can lead to depletion in the population of spiny dogfish. One more reason is Bycatch, in which they often get caught unintentionally and when sent back into the water, they may suffer injuries or die.
Climate Change also plays a major role in the population depletion of the spiny dogfish. Rising ocean temperatures and ocean acidification can affect the psychology, behaviour, prey availability, and can also disrupt their reproductive pattern.
Illegal Trade which involves unreported fishing practice, such as overfishing or catching undersized dogfish can result in the reduction of their population. These activities are carried out illegally by breaking laws, violating fishing quotas or without permits.
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What simple machines are used in a vacuum?
Answers
Answer: Fan, Filter, dust bag, gears, hi*nge
group of students is walking in the park, and one of them takes a picture of a pollen grain that is being blown by the wind. What caption can the student use for this picture?
gene mutation in action
gene flow at work
genetic drift as it happens
natural selection in progress
Answers
Answer:The answer is "gene flow at work."
Explanation:
Where does the oxygen that is released by the plant come from?
Answers
I hope this helps! ;)
An energy pyramid is shown below.
secondary
consumers
tertiary
consumers
primary
consumers
producers
What does the energy pyramid demonstrate?
OA. A great amount of energy is gained moving up the energy pyramid.
OB. Energy is not transferred between organisms in an ecosystem.
OC. The same amount of energy is available at every level of the energy pyramid.
OD. A great amount of energy is lost traveling up the energy pyramid.
Answers
The energy pyramid demonstrate a great amount of energy is lost traveling up the energy pyramid.
The energy pyramid demonstrates that as you move up from the producers (bottom level), which convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis, to the primary consumers (herbivores), to the secondary consumers (carnivores that eat herbivores), and finally to the tertiary consumers (carnivores that eat other carnivores), there is a decrease in available energy.
This is because energy is lost at each level through processes such as respiration, heat loss, and waste. Therefore, the top predators of an ecosystem have access to the least amount of energy.
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Giving brainliest to whoever help me asap!!
Watch the video titled Rat Park attached below, and then answer the reflective questions outlined below. (Health Psychology) 1. Do you feel Rat Park could work in our society? Why or why not? Explain your answer.
2. How can we begin to change societal perspective on addition?
3. The idea of connection is brought up in the video clip, do you feel that this is an effective strategy to align drug rehabilitation and reduction methods with?
Answers
To change societal perspective on addiction, we need to educate, reduce stigma, and increase access to treatment. Connection can be an effective strategy to align drug rehab and reduction methods.
To begin changing societal perspective on addiction, we need to start by educating individuals and spreading awareness about the nature of addiction and the impact it has on individuals and society as a whole.
This education needs to include information about the biological, psychological, and environmental factors that contribute to addiction, as well as the many different forms that addiction can take.
We also need to work to reduce the stigma associated with addiction, which can prevent individuals from seeking help and support.
The idea of connection is a powerful strategy for aligning drug rehabilitation and reduction methods with, as it recognizes the importance of human connection and support in the recovery process.
By building strong connections and relationships with others, individuals can find the strength and motivation they need to overcome addiction and move towards a healthier and more fulfilling life.
This approach can be particularly effective when combined with evidence-based therapies and treatments that address the underlying causes and triggers of addiction.
Ultimately, the key to changing societal perspective on addiction is to recognize that addiction is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires a compassionate, evidence-based, and community-oriented approach.
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Which statements are true about bacteria? Choose the three that apply
Answers
The statement that is true is that;
Bacteria grows fastest when they are warm. Option C
What about bacteria?Temperature, pH, and nutrient availability are just a few of the numerous circumstances that bacteria can thrive and reproduce in. However, generally speaking, bacteria tend to thrive at a particular temperature range, known as the optimal growth temperature.
Many bacteria that are frequently found in food or the environment tend to develop at their quickest between 20 and 45 degrees Celsius (68 to 113 degrees Fahrenheit), although individual bacteria have varied ideal growth temperatures.
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Missing parts;
Which one of these statements about bacteria is true?
A. All types of bacteria give food poisoning
B. Freezing makes food last longer by killing bacteria
C. Bacteria grows fastest when they are warm
D. All bacteria need air to survive
enzymes
choose the answer you think is wrong
a: they are rapidly degraded during the reactions they
catalyze
b: they are globular proteins
c: they are highly specific molecules
d: they are protein catalysts
e: regulate the chemical reactions that take place in organisms
Answers
Explanation:
e: regulate the chemical reactions that take place in organisms
27.
Arrange the words given below in a meaningful sequence.
1. Key 2. Door 3. Lock 4. Room 5. Switch on
A) 5, 1, 2, 4, 3
B) 4, 2, 1, 5, 3
C) 1, 3, 2, 4, 5
D) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4
Answers
The correct meaningful sequence for the given words is 1, 3, 2, 4, 5. The correct answer is option C.
The logical order of the words is as follows:Key: The key is needed to unlock or open something.Lock: The lock is where the key is inserted to secure or restrict access to something, such as a door.Door: The door is the entryway or barrier that can be opened or closed using the key and lock.Room: The room is what lies behind the door, a space that can be accessed by unlocking and opening the door.Switch on: Once inside the room, the switch can be turned on to activate the lights or power supply within the room.Therefore, the meaningful sequence that represents the logical flow of actions is 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, which corresponds to option C).For more questions on sequence
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Offer a possible evolutionary explanation for how the bones of animal limbs can have a similar
structure, but very different functions.
Answers
The bones of animal limbs that are similar in structure but have different functions are called homologous structures and are explained through divergent evolution.
What are homologous structures?
Homologous is a word derived from the Greek words - 'Homo' and 'logos' meaning 'same ratio or proportion'. Homologous structures are ones that have similar structures, features, traits, and/or characteristics. In animals, this refers to mostly the body parts such as bones and limb structures.
When it comes to evolutionary biology, homologous structures help map back the ancestors and form possible connections to other animals across species.
When it comes to homologous structures it is referred to as divergent evolution. Divergent evolution involves organisms that seem to have come from the same ancestor but evolved to adapt to their surroundings changing the functions of their similar body structures.
Common examples of homologous structures are the structures of the limbs of humans and a cat.
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How can local environmental changes have global effects? a. Organisms can move from one environment to another. b. Air and water move from region to region. Increased carbon dioxide in one location can cause increased temperatures in other locations. d. All of the above are true.
Answers
Local environmental changes can have global effects in a variety of ways. Organisms can move from one environment to another, which can impact ecosystems and food webs on a larger scale. For example, the introduction of non-native species into a new environment can disrupt the balance of that ecosystem and impact other ecosystems that are connected to it.
Air and water move from region to region through atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns, which can transport pollutants, nutrients, and other substances across long distances. For example, increased carbon dioxide emissions in one location can contribute to global climate change, which can affect temperatures and weather patterns around the world.
Therefore, local environmental changes can have far-reaching impacts on global systems and processes, highlighting the importance of considering the interconnectedness of the natural world and the potential consequences of human activities on a global scale.
You are sitting in a go-cart that is not moving. John then pushed the cart and it moved. What caused the go-cart to be still? Why did John’s push cause the cart to move?
Answers
Potential Energy
When it’s not moving it’s potential energy but when it’s moving it’s kinetic energy
which is more of a threat to people acid rain or air pollution?
Answers
Answer:
A threat to the natural restorative nature of the water cycle is acid rain. Acid rain is caused by certain gas emissions in our atmosphere. Volcanoes release some of these gases naturally.
Explanation:
=)
Which labeled structure above is the nucleus
Answers
In cell biology, the nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that is typically found in eukaryotic cells. It serves as the control center of the cell, housing the majority of the cell's genetic material and regulating the cell's activities.
What is the nucleus!The nucleus is typically spherical or oval-shaped and is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope. This envelope contains nuclear pores, which allow for the exchange of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
The nucleus contains the cell's DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which carries the genetic instructions for the cell's structure and functions. DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes. In humans, each cell typically contains 46 chromosomes, except for reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) which have 23 chromosomes.
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Part B
Which sentence from the text best supports the answer to Part A?
A. That boost in blood flow highlights which cells are busy working.
OB. Areas that allow people to pay attention became most active as someone began a new task.
OC. When the signal reaches the end of the axon, it triggers the release of those chemical messenger
OD. It takes less effort for them to signal the next cell about what's going on.
Answers
Areas that allow people to pay attention became most active as someone began a new task. Therefore, option (B) is correct.
This sentence implies that when someone starts a new task, the areas of the brain responsible for attention become highly active. It suggests a relationship between the activation of specific brain regions and the engagement in a particular task.
This aligns with the idea that increased activity in certain brain areas can indicate which cells are actively working or processing information. Therefore, areas that allow people to pay attention became most active as someone began a new task is the correct option.
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The shells of some marine snails are highly variable, with some snail shells, being solid colors, and others having stripes. Predation by birds is a major source of mortality for the snails. Scientist studying the snails found that wall 47% of the snow population was straight, 56% of the snails eaten by birds were striped. What could scientist conclude about the snails?
Answers
The solid shell snails will increase in population. this is due to the fact that 56 % of the striped snails are eaten by birds.
The shell on the back of the snail is called the exoskeleton. The exoskeleton is the hard outer shell of the snail. The shell is non-bony and does not aid in movement. It protects the shell from predators and damage.
As the eggs hatch, the baby snails emerge, already with their shells. At this stage, baby snails have colorless, soft, and delicate shells. The baby snails eat the egg from which they were hatched, as the egg contains calcium, which helps the snail's shell harden.
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Why does natural selection occur more when there is competition for resources?
Answers
Natural selection occurs more prominently when there is competition for resources because competition creates selective pressures that drive adaptations and favor certain traits over others.
In any given environment, resources necessary for survival and reproduction, such as food, water, and shelter, are limited. As a result, individuals within a population must compete with one another to obtain these resources.
Competition leads to differential survival and reproductive success among individuals.
Those individuals with advantageous traits or variations that enable them to more effectively acquire and utilize resources have a higher likelihood of survival and producing offspring.
These advantageous traits can be physical characteristics, physiological adaptations, or behavioral strategies that provide a competitive edge.
Through natural selection, individuals possessing beneficial traits are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation, while individuals with less favorable traits are at a disadvantage.
Over time, this process results in the accumulation of beneficial traits within the population, enhancing their overall fitness and adaptation to the specific environment.
Therefore, competition for resources acts as a driving force for natural selection by selecting for traits that enhance an individual's ability to secure limited resources, survive, and reproduce successfully.
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List the names of five fortified food items and nutrients with which they are fortified.
Answers
Five examples of fortified food items and the nutrients they are fortified with are fortified milk, fortified breakfast cereal, fortified margarine, fortified orange juice, fortified pasta
Fortified food items are those that have been added with specific nutrients to increase their nutritional value.
1) Fortified milk: Milk is fortified with calcium to promote strong bones and teeth as well as with vitamin D to help in calcium absorption and to support bone health.
2) Fortified breakfast cereal: Breakfast cereals are fortified with iron to prevent iron deficiency, and B vitamins such as thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid to support overall health.
3) Fortified margarine: Margarine is fortified with vitamin A which is important for good vision and immune function.
4) Fortified orange juice: Orange juice is fortified with vitamin C which is important for a healthy immune system.
5) Fortified pasta: Some types of pasta are fortified with folic acid which is important for cell growth and development during pregnancy.
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Here are five examples of fortified food items and the nutrients they are fortified with.
Fortified Milk: Fortified with Vitamin D and Calcium.
Fortified Cereal: Fortified with various vitamins and minerals, such as B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12), iron, and folic acid.
Fortified Orange Juice: Fortified with Vitamin C and sometimes with added calcium.
Fortified Margarine: Fortified with Vitamin A and Vitamin D.
Fortified Bread: Fortified with B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6) and sometimes with added iron.
Therefore, it's important to note that there are many other fortified food items available in the market, and the specific nutrients they are fortified with may vary. The purpose of fortification is to enhance the nutritional value of the food and provide essential nutrients that may be lacking in the diet.
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Need help please help please due tomorrow
Answers
very hard to read right answer
HARD TO READ SO PUT ALL ON THAT IN THE COMMETS
sorry caps btw i cant read that at all
1. Climate refers to the weather of an area over a long-term year period of time.
2. World biomes are controlled by climate. The climate of a region will determine what plants grow there.
3. The Koppen Climate Classification system was invented by Wladimir Koppen.
4. The Koppen Climate Classification system was introduced in the year 1900.
5. Climate is the characteristic condition of the atmosphere at a certain place on Earth.
6. Two of the most important factors determining an area's climate are temperature and precipitation.
7. The climate of a region will determine what vegetation will grow there, and what animal species will inhabit there.
8. All three components - climate, plants, and animals - are interwoven to create the fabric of an ecosystem.
9. The Sun's radiation is most intense between the latitudes of 23.5°N and 23.5°S.
10. The Sun's rays strike the Earth near 90° or at a 90° angle at the equator, but at much smaller angles at the poles.
11. Westerlies blow from the west in the Northern Hemisphere and from the east in the Southern Hemisphere.
12. Trade winds north of the equator blow from the northeast. South of the equator, they blow from the southeast.
13. Jet streams steer storms from west to east across mid-latitudes.
14. The trade winds of the two hemispheres meet near the equator, causing the air to rise.
15. The Koppen Climate Classification is the most widely used classification used to classify climates.
16. In this letter, the five main climate categories are represented with a single letter.
17. The letter A represents moist tropical climates.
18. The letter B represents dry climates.
19. The letter C represents humid mid-latitude climates.
20. The letter D represents continental climates.
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Explaining these terms :
Glycoproteins, Nucleosome, Nuclear pore complex, Cristae, Cisternae, Plasmodesmata, Prion, Intermediate filament typing
Answers
Glycoproteins are proteins with carbohydrates attached. Nucleosomes are units of DNA coiled around histone proteins. Nuclear pore complexes are channels in the nuclear envelope. Cristae and cisternae are structures in mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum. Plasmodesmata are channels in plant cell walls. Prions are misfolded proteins that cause diseases. Intermediate filament typing refers to categorizing the type of intermediate filaments in a cell.
Glycoproteins are molecules made up of both protein and carbohydrate.
They play an important role in cell-cell recognition and adhesion, as well as in the immune system's response to foreign substances.
Nucleosomes are the basic building blocks of chromatin, which is the complex of DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes.
Nucleosomes are composed of DNA wrapped around a core of histone proteins.
The nuclear pore complex is a structure in the nuclear membrane that regulates the movement of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
It is made up of over 30 different proteins and allows the transport of proteins, RNA molecules, and other important molecules.
Cristae are the folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase its surface area, allowing for more efficient production of ATP, which is the cell's primary energy source.
Cisternae are flattened sacs that make up the Golgi apparatus, which is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport within the cell or secretion outside of the cell.
Plasmodesmata are channels that allow for communication and exchange of molecules between adjacent plant cells.
They are lined with plasma membrane and cytoplasm and facilitate the movement of small molecules, including RNA and proteins.
Prions are misfolded proteins that can cause a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and mad cow disease.
They have the ability to convert normal proteins into the misfolded form, leading to a progressive accumulation of the abnormal protein in the brain.
Intermediate filament typing refers to the classification of intermediate filaments, which are a type of cytoskeletal protein that provides structural support to cells.
There are several types of intermediate filaments, such as keratin, vimentin, and neurofilament, which are found in different types of cells and tissues throughout the body.
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An atom has 38 protons and 37 electrons. This atom's charge is
Answers
Answer:
This atom's charge will be positive.
Which statements best describe displacement? Check all that apply.
Displacement is measured along the path an object travels.
Displacement is a measurement that includes direction.
Displacement is the difference between a starting point and an ending point.
Displacement is how far an object travels from starting point to ending point.
O Displacement is measured as a straight line between a starting point and an ending point.
Answers
Displacement is the measurement of difference between a starting point and an ending point. It includes direction as well.
Displacement is the change in position of an object. It is measured along the path an object travels. It is the shortest distance travelled between the two points.
It is calculated by the formula:
Displacement = Value of final position - value of initial position
Displacement is a vector quantity. That is, it has a direction as well as magnitude.
Displacement is different from distance, as displacement is the measure of the shortest possible path between the two points, whereas distance refers to the path covered to reach that point.
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Which statement about vacuoles is true?
Only plant cells contain vacuoles.
Only animal cells contain vacuoles.
Vacuoles are larger in plant cells than in animal cells.
Vacuoles are larger in animal cells than in plant cells
Answers
31. A team of scientist traveled to the country of Mali to collect data on the human population.
These scientists collect birth rate, death rate, and migration data and discovered that the
population went through a rapid growth from 2000-2020. How might the scientist display this
demographic data? (L1)
a. Population Graph
b. Population Pyramid
c. Population Structure
d. Population Scales
Answers
A population pyramid is a good way to visualize the age and gender structure of a population. Option B
Why is a population pyramid most suitable?A population pyramid is a more detailed way to visualize the population of a country or region. It shows the population by age and gender, and it can be used to see how the population is changing over time.
For Mali, the scientists can be able to see that the population grew rapidly from 2000 to 2020. They would also be able to see that the population is younger now than it was in 2000. This is because the birth rate in Mali is higher than the death rate.
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Is the third lemur that tested negative for antibodies to T. gondii at risk of contracting toxoplasmosis?
What about other lemurs in the conspiracy? Why or why not?
Answers
We can see here that based on these considerations, the third lemur that tested negative for antibodies to T. gondii may still be at risk of contracting toxoplasmosis if it comes into contact with the parasite in the future.
What is an antibody?A specialized protein termed an antibody, commonly referred to as an immunoglobulin, is created by the immune system in reaction to the presence of foreign substances known as antigens.
In the immune response, antibodies are critical for locating, neutralizing, and getting rid of pathogens including bacteria, viruses, and other dangerous substances.
To determine the risk of contracting toxoplasmosis for the third lemur and other lemurs in the conspiracy, it's important to consider the following factors:
Antibody TestingSource of InfectionAs for other lemurs in the conspiracy, their risk of contracting toxoplasmosis would depend on their individual circumstances.
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How does the structure of the nerve cell help accomplish it’s function
Answers
Answer: by sending chemicals, called neurotransmitters, across a small area between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another. This tiny space that allows for information exchange is called a synapse.
Which of the lizard species was similar to which of the barnacles? Explain.
Answers
In the context of your question, it seems there might be some confusion or missing information. Lizards and barnacles belong to different taxonomic groups and are not closely related. Lizards are reptiles, while barnacles are a type of crustacean. Therefore, there is no direct similarity between lizard species and barnacles.
Lizards are a diverse group of reptiles that encompass various species with different characteristics, habitats, and adaptations. They are generally characterized by their scaly skin, four legs, and external ears. Lizards exhibit a wide range of traits and behaviors, such as camouflage, ability to climb, and various reproductive strategies.
On the other hand, barnacles are marine crustaceans that live primarily in aquatic environments, attaching themselves to various surfaces such as rocks, shells, or even other organisms. They have a hard outer shell and use long appendages called cirri to filter feed on plankton and other small particles in the water.
It's possible that your question might be referring to a specific comparison or analogy made in a particular context or study. However, based on the general understanding of lizard and barnacle biology, there is no inherent similarity between specific lizard species and barnacles.
If you have any additional information or context regarding the comparison you are referring to, please provide further details, and I'll be happy to assist you.
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Name the missing level of classifica�on.
Answers
The Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus gave the system of classification of organisms. This classification is done under the branch of taxonomy.
The classification of organisms is also referred to as taxonomical hierarchy.
According to this classification, there are seven levels:
1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species
Kingdom is the highest level of classification, whereas species is the lowest level.
There are five kingdoms - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Animalia and Plantae.
Species is unique for a group of organisms having similar characteristics genotypically and phenotypically.
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