The effects of pathogens may raise the risk of sickness and mortality if a community is overcrowded. Thus, diseases can lower a population's long-term carrying capacity.
What exactly do pathogens mean?A pathogen is an organism that causes disease in its host, and virulence describes how severe a disease's symptoms are.. Pathogens include viruses, bacteria, unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes, as well as other taxonomically diverse organisms.
Which three pathogens are examples?Pathogens are organisms that infect the body and can harm health. They include viruses, bacteria, fungus, and parasites. The pathogens that cause significant diseases include, among many others, anthrax, HIV, the Epstein-Barr virus, and the Zika virus.
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What type of vegetation would you expect to find on an abandoned farm that has remained undisturbed for 150 years?.
A mature oak forest of vegetation would you expect to find on an abandoned farm that has remained undisturbed for 150 years. Although it may only live for 600 years on many settings, oaks can thrive for 1,000 years.
Although many will exhibit ancient features as early as 300 years, oak is only classified as ancient after 400 years. A senior oak typically has between 150 and 300 years of age, whereas a noted oak has between 150 and 200vegetation. According to legend, the Pechanga great oak, California, is the oldest living oak in the world and may have existed for at least 2000 years.
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in the late 1800s, a researcher by the name of robert koch developed a series of postulates (guidelines) that can be used to prove that a given pathogen is the true cause of a disease. koch's postulates
A scientist by name of Robert Koch created a set of postulates (recommendations) in the late 1800s that can be used to demonstrate that a certain pathogen is the actual cause of an illness. The Robert Koch postulates are a set of standards for determining whether a specific organism is the root of a specific disease. They were first published in 1890. Koch's theories are still taught in college and high school courses today as proof of the accuracy and reliability of clinical microbiology.
The four Koch postulates are:
1. The diseased animal must contain the microorganism, which cannot be found in healthy animals.
2. The diseased animal's microorganism must be removed, isolated, and then grown in culture.
3. When given to an experimental animal that is healthy, the microorganism must make the animal ill.
4. The microorganism needs to be taken out of the sick experimental animal and proven to be the same microorganism that was first isolated from the sick animal.
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Which organisms are members of the lophotrochozoan lineage? group of answer choices
a. mollusks
b. echinoderms
c. sponges
d. insects
e. cnidarians
Annelids, mollusks, bryozoans, brachiopods, platyhelminthes, and other creatures that descended from these organisms' common ancestor are included in the monophyletic group of animals known as Lophotrochozoa. Thus, option A is correct.
What is lophotrochozoan lineage?Mollusks, such as snails, clams, and octopuses, as well as annelids, such as leeches and earthworms, are included in the diverse group of creatures known as lophotrochozoans.
As opposed to the diploblastic cnidarians, which have an embryonic mesoderm sandwiched between their ectoderm and endoderm, lophotrochozoans are triloblastic.
These phyla are similarly bilaterally symmetrical; a longitudinal section of them will separate them into symmetrical right and left sides.
Therefore, mollusks are members of the lophotrochozoan lineage.
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How does the directionality of the polynucleotide chain affect how the chain is replicated and/or transcribed?.
The directionality of the polynucleotide allow the base pairing in the chain that is replicated and/or transcribed.
A polynucleotide chain possesses directionality, or two ends that differ from one another, as a result of the structure of nucleotides. The 5' phosphate group of the chain's initial nucleotide protrudes at the 5' end, or commencement, of the chain. The 3' hydroxyl of the final nucleotide added to the chain is exposed at the opposite end, often known as the 3' end.
Typically, DNA sequences are written from 5' to 3'. Base pairing, which is necessary for both the replication and transcription of the genetic material, is made possible by the DNA double helix's two linked strands running in opposite directions. New copies of DNA and RNA nucleotide chains are created from the originals during replication.
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Help please. I really need it
Answer:
Populations, communities, and ecosystems
Explanation:
Biological organization is the hierarchy of complex biological structures and systems that define life using a reductionistic approach. The traditional hierarchy extends from atoms to biospheres.
-Atoms join together to form molecules that make up cells. In more complex living things, cells join to form tissues, which form organs (structures that perform specific functions in the body)
-Biological organization extends beyond the individual to populations, communities, ecosystems, and finally the biosphere.
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The observations and hypotheses that arise from epidemiology can be tested through?
Answer:
clinical trials
Explanation:
observations and hypotheses arise from epidemiology can be tested using. clinical trials. studies that explore the effects of altering people's diets.
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What route would oxygen in the mother's blood follow to arrive at a body cell of the fetus?
gases exchange occurs through placenta in pregnant women.
Factors that allow oxygen exchange at placenta :
fetal heamoglobin which has strong binding to oxygen due to presence two gamma subunits instead of two beta subunit (which is seen in adult form).2,3BPG binds less strongly to fetal hemoglobin which allow fetal hemoglobin to bind more strongly to the oxygen molecules.mother blood is more rich in oxygen as compared to fetus blood.which leads to diffusion of oxygen through placenta.pH of mother blood is acidic (lower pH).which favours release of oxygen from mothers blood .pH of fetus blood is alkaline which favours uptake of oxygen.To know more about placenta visit : https://brainly.com/question/26959441
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If all of the detritus leaving the marsh is plant material, what proportion of all net primary production leaves the marsh as detritus each year?
If all of the detritus leaving the marsh is plant material, 56% proportion of all net primary production leaves the marsh as detritus each year
Detritus, as opposed to dissolved organic material, is dead particulate organic material in biology. Detritus typically consists of feces and the carcasses or remains of dead organisms. Communities of microbes that colonize and breakdown (i.e., remineralizer) detritus are frequently found in it. It exists as leaf litter and other organic debris in terrestrial habitats.
When these detritus feeders ingest detritus with microorganisms proliferating on it, they mostly digest and absorb the protein-rich microorganisms and excrete the detritus, which is primarily composed of complex carbohydrates, with hardly any of it having been broken down.
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In what sense are nutrients from a recently ingested meal not really "inside" your body prior to the absorption stage of food processing?
Nutrients will remain in the alimentary canal cavity as long as they are in a space that is continuous with the outside environment through the mouth and until they pass a membrane to enter the body.
How Does the Stomach Digest Food?You are unaware of the carefully planned series of actions that occur inside your body as you chew and swallow. Involuntary muscle contractions known as peristalsis are responsible for moving food through your digestive system. Food travels down your food pipe in the initial phase of this voyage (esophagus). It travels from your throat to your stomach in this way. Inside your stomach, food undergoes a sizable portion of the digestion process. Several digestive fluids and enzymes are produced in the stomach and mix with the food. The stomach's powerful muscles then work like a blender to transform food into a form that can be consumed. The contents of the stomach gently move into a little tube at the base of the stomach once it has finished its job in the digestive process. It is known as the duodenum. It is the small intestine's beginning. The subsequent phase of digestion occurs here. Food is converted into energy by the digestive juices produced in organs like the liver and pancreas.Learn more about the Digestion with the help of the given link:
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Which of the following is likely true of a coastal habitat?
Has low gross primary productivity
Speeds up the flow of the body of water
Located at the mouth of a river or stream
Sediment provides barriers that often serve as sanctuaries from wind and storms.
Answer: The answer is D.
Explanation: Sediment provides barriers that often serve as sanctuaries from wind and storms. I got it right on the test :)
In complementary gene interactions, two genes work in tandem to produce a particular phenotype. Functional copies of both genes are required to produce the phenotype. What phenotypic ratios would be expected among the f2 progeny of a dihybrid cross involving dominant and recessive alleles for two such complementary genes?.
9:7 phenotypic ratios would be expected among the f2 progeny
A test cross is a technique used in genetics to investigate and collect potential genotypes and traits of offspring of organisms. An organism's genotype is its genetic make-up; it lists the alleles and genes that the particular organism possesses. The expression of genes and alleles in observable traits is referred to as the phenotype. Eye color, height, and even hair texture are examples of phenotypes. Through a test cross, genotypes may be used to determine the phenotypes of an organism's progeny and, in turn, determine the phenotypic ratio. The likelihood that a cross-breeding would produce a visible characteristic is known as the phenotypic ratio. Punnett Squares or a phenotypic ratio calculator will make determining phenotypic ratios the easiest.
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9:7 phenotypic ratios would be expected among the f2 progeny of a dihybrid cross involving dominant and recessive alleles for two complementary genes.
When two complementary genes are interacted to produce a particular phenotype, it is considered a test cross. A test cross is a technique used in genetics to investigate and collect potential genotypes and traits of offspring of organisms. The expression of genes and alleles in observable traits is referred to as the phenotype. Eye color, height, and even hair texture are examples of phenotypes.
An organism's genotype is its genetic makeup; it lists the alleles and genes that the particular organism possesses. Through a test cross, genotypes may be used to determine the phenotypes of an organism's progeny and, in turn, determine the phenotypic ratio.
The likelihood that cross-breeding would produce a visible characteristic is known as the phenotypic ratio. Punnett Squares or a phenotypic ratio calculator will make determining phenotypic ratios the easiest.
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When your first child is six months old, you hang a tire swing from a tree limb in your backyard. The bottom of the tire is six inches from the ground. When your child graduates college 22 years later, the tree is now ten feet taller than it was when you hung the tire swing. Neglecting soil erosion and any increased thickness of the limb, how far from the ground is the bottom of the tire?.
There will be about 6 inches gap between the bottom of the tire which is hanging from a tree limb and the ground. As the axial growth of tree occurs the old branches remain in its own height because of which the gap remains the same.
The primary cause of this is because a tree's development always takes the shape of radial growth. In this case, the axis of the tree or plant continues to produce additional branches. The leaves continue to develop, and the primary branch produces several other little branches.
There are two ways that trees grow. Primary growth refers to growth that occurs at the root and shoot tips and results in height and length increases. Secondary growth refers to development that makes stems and branches thicker. Small regions known as apical meristems are the sites of primary growth.
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the genesis of habitat immersion in gorilla exhibits woodland park zoological garden and zoo atlanta — 1978-1988
Great ape production growth appears to closely follow the development of public attitudes and scientific research about these creatures.
What exactly is landscape immersion?An exhibition that replicates an animal's natural habitat in terrain, vegetation, and other physical elements is becoming more popular among both animals and visitors.
What exactly are immersion presentations?An immersion production is a lushly produced naturalistic environment that transports visitors to the animals' natural habitats. Facilities and barriers are concealed.
Therefore,
The expansion of great ape production appears to be closely related to the evolution of public attitudes and scientific research on these creatures. Ecological and behavioral data gathered over the last two decades has resulted in a new era of gorilla exhibits demonstrating concepts such as "realistic habitat simulation" and "habitat immersion."
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if a woman produced two ova in the same month and these are fertilized by two different sperm cells, the result would be monozygotic twins.
The statement indicating that if a woman produced two ova in the same month and these are fertilized by two different sperm cells, the result would be monozygotic twins is False.
What are monozygotic twins?Monozygotic twins have identical genetic material because they derive from the same zygote cell, which is produced by fertilization from a single sperm with an ovule egg.
Conversely, the twins that are generated two ova in the same month fertilized by two different sperm cells are genetically different between both and therefore they have different genetic backgrounds (i.e., distinct genes) which determines the phenotypic features of the organisms, in this case twins.
In conclusion, the statement indicating that if a woman produced two ova in the same month and these are fertilized by two different sperm cells, the result would be monozygotic twins is False.
Complete question:
Answer True or False according to the information in the reading.
If a woman produced two ova in the same month and these are fertilized by two different sperm cells, the result would be monozygotic twins.
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When a parasite lives inside the human gastrointestinal tract, absorbing some of the human's nutrients at the human's expense, it is considered a(n) __________ interaction.
When a parasite lives inside the human gastrointestinal tract, absorbing some of the human's nutrients at the human's expense, it is considered an exploitative interaction.
What are parasitic interactions?Parasitic interactions are a special class of ecological relationship in which an organism benefits and another (the host) is harmed.
In conclusion, when a parasite lives inside the human gastrointestinal tract, absorbing some of the human's nutrients at the human's expense, it is considered an exploitative interaction.
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How do the tails account for the hydrophobic nature of fats? (See Concept 3.2.)
The tails account for the hydrophobic nature of fats as a result of it consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms which are non polar thereby making it a hydrophobic molecule.
What is a Phospholipid?This refers to a biomolecule which forms a major part of the cell membrane and consists of compounds which include the following below:
Two fatty acidsA glycerol unit.A phosphate group.It consists of two parts which are hydrophilic head and the hydrophobic tail. The tail of the phospholipid is hydrophobic which is the reason why they face the inside which is away from the water.
They however meet in the inner region of the membrane which is why they are regarded as the water fearing part of the molecule. On the other hand, the hydrophilic head is referred to as the water loving part because it consists of phosphate-containing group that is attached to a glycerol thereby making it polar.
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List and provide examples of three types of phosphorylation reactions that generate atp.
Three examples of phosphorylation are glucose phosphorylation, protein phosphorylation andand oxidative phosphorylation.
How many types of phosphorylation are there ?The conversion of ADP to ATP can occur through two kinds of phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation . The primary difference between these two processes lies in the source of the free energy used to drive phosphorylation.
So ,the three examples of phosphorylation are oxidative, protein and glucose phosphorylation.
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Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain __________.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the other organelles besides the nucleus that contain DNA.
What is DNA?This is also called deoxyribonucleic acid and is known as the genetic material of living organisms. DNA is responsible for the passing of different types of traits from parent to offspring.
DNA is present in organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts as they are involved in the different types of growth and reproductive processes which occurs in the cells of organisms. It is also present in the nucleus of cells because it controls and regulates the metabolic activities which occur in the cell.
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In a short essay (100-150 words), identify the factor or factors in Figure 53.18 that you think may ultimately be most important for density-dependent population regulation in humans, and explain your reasoning.
According to the given statement The paragraph below describing about importance for density dependent population regulation.
Briefing:Numerous variables, like the amount of predators, the availability of food and space, and territoriality as shown in the image, can influence population density. According to this illustration, disease transmission and overcrowding would be the two factors that would control population density for humans. Droplets allow respiratory diseases including the flu, SARS, Ebola, tuberculosis, and others to travel between people (secretions from the infected persons). In overpopulated areas, such as highly populated cities, this transmission is exacerbated, making it easier for other people to inhale the dangerous organism. Some of these illnesses are deadly and would take the lives of those who contracted them. There is a limit to population density. (Migration of people from rural areas to urban areas can be another subtle impact.
What does "population regulation" mean?Population regulation describes biological procedures that balance out disruptive occurrences, such as weather changes, alterations in the environment, disease outbreaks, etc.
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The________________________ variable in an investigation is the variable that is deliberately manipulated.
Answer:
The independent variable in an investigation is the variable that is deliberately manipulated.
Explanation:
ford, m. c. et al. tuning of ranvier node and internode properties in myelinated axons to 635 adjust action potential timing. nat. commun. 6, 8073 (2015).
Axons that have undergone myelination are completely covered. Mammalian PNS axons range in size from 0.1 to 20 micrometres, with unmyelinated axons being less than 2 micrometres and myelinated axons being more than 1-2 micrometres. Nearly all axons in the CNS with diameters larger than 0.2 m are myelinated.
What is Axons?Axons, also known as nerve fibres, are the parts of a nerve cell (also known as a neuron) that carry nerve impulses away from the cell body.A neuron normally has one axon, which links it to other neurons, muscle cells, or gland cells.Some axons can be very long, extending, for instance, from the spinal cord to the tip of a toe.The majority of vertebrate axons are encased in myelin sheaths, which accelerates impulse transmission; some big axons may move at up to 90 metres (300 feet) per second.To know more about axons ,refer to the following link:
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In what way can a vector of a zoonotic pathogen differ from a host of the pathogen?
A vector of a zoonotic pathogen differs from a host of the pathogen in that it is not affected by the pathogen.
What are vectors and pathogens?Vectors are organisms which serve as carriers of disease-causing organisms known as pathogen. Vectors usually serve as transport or transit mechanisms by which diseases spread.
Pathogen are organisms that cause disease. A zoonotic pathogen is a pathogen that can move from non-human animals to humans.
The vector of a zoonotic pathogen differ from a host of the pathogen in that the vector is not affected by the pathogen and the vector is also non-human.
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Food stored in warm, moist places will decay than food stored in cool, dry places.
Warm and moist conditions are the most ideal for decomposition of organic matter and decay of food instead of cool and dry places.
Food spoilage is a result of both natural food degradation and contamination from microbes including bacteria, moulds, and yeasts. When moisture and desired temperatures are present, these breakdown bacteria may proliferate quickly.
An exponential rise in decomposition rates is caused by rising temperature under ideal moisture conditions.
Warm and moist places facilitate growth of detritivores like bacteria and fungus which are saprophytic and degrade the organic matter and decay the food stored in such places. Detritivores favour warm and moist conditions over cool and dry conditions for their growth.
Decomposition is the process of decay and degradation or breakdown of organic matter by bacteria and fungi into smaller substances.
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What is the glycemic load (gl) of one cup of kidney beans, which contains 40g of carbohydrate and has a glycemic index of 24?
The glycemic load (gl) of one cup of kidney beans, which contains 40g of carbohydrate and has a glycemic index of 24 is 9.6
The Glycemic load (GL) is worked out by the following formula: GL = GI x carbohydrate / 100 The Glycemic response is actually a system of the assigning a number to carbohydrate-containing the foods according to how much each food has increases blood sugar. The glycemic index itself is not an diet plan but one of the various tools — such as the calorie counting or the carbohydrate counting most fruits and the vegetables, whole or the minimally processed grains, beans, pasta, the low-fat dairy products and the nuts. Foods with a GI of 56 to 69 come under the category of the moderate-GI foods. They include the potatoes, white rice, the corn, couscous and the breakfast cereals such as Mini-Wheats and the Cream of Wheat.
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Which bond is found in organic compounds but not inorganic compounds?
carbon-nitrogen bonds
O carbon-hydrogen bonds
O carbon-oxygen bonds
carbon-carbon bonds
Answer: I am pretty sure carbon on carbon
Explanation:
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The nurse counsels the pregnant patient to expect which changes in the respiratory system?
The nurse counsels the pregnant patient to expect the following changes in the respiratory system: The total circumference of the chest cage increases by 6 cm, There is a decrease in the vertical diameter of the thoracic cage, The patient has an increased awareness of the need to breathe.
What is a respiratory system?A respiratory system can be defined as the system that enables the process called inhalation and exhalation to take place.
Inhalation is the process that enables us to breath in and exhalation is the process that enables us to breath out. this two process are important as they are what enables us to live.
The nurse should endeavor to tell the pregnant woman to expect the following changes:
The total circumference of the chest cage increases by 6 cm.There is a decrease in the vertical diameter of the thoracic cage.The patient has an increased awareness of the need to breathe.Therefore the correct options are: B,C,D.
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The complete question is:
The nurse counsels the pregnant patient to expect which changes in the respiratory system? Select all that apply.
a. The chest cage ligaments tighten and restrict full expansion.
b. The total circumference of the chest cage increases by 6 cm.
c. There is a decrease in the vertical diameter of the thoracic cage.
d. The patient has an increased awareness of the need to breathe.
e. The elevation of the diaphragm leads to a decrease in the tidal volume.
Parkinson's disease produces trimmers and muscular rigidity because of damage to?
Answer:
Parkinson's disease produces trimmers and muscular rigidity because of damage to dopamine-producing neurons.
Explanation:
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a condition that worsens with time and damages the brain's motor nerve cells. Shaking, stiffness, rigidity, and balance problems are observed when neurons that produce dopamine get die. The goal of treatments, which also include medicine, nutrition, activity, and deep neural stimulation surgery, is to minimize symptoms so that patients may enjoy more active lives. The cell body of neurons has branching arms, or dendrites, that serve as antennas and collect information. Axons transport messages out from the cell body. Impulses pass via a tiny distance between 2 nerve cells known as a synapse as they go from one neuron to another neuron, from one the axon among one cell to the dendrites of some other.
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interspecies recombination, and not de novo mutation, maintains virulence after β-lactam resistance acquisition in streptococcus pneumoniae.
Infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) remain a leading cause of death worldwide in children under the age of five.
This nasopharyngeal commensal and respiratory pathogen cause a range of severe infections in both infants and adults, including pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis.
As pneumococcus is endemic worldwide, its ability to develop antibiotic resistance is a global challenge (Appelbaum, 1987). High levels of resistance have been observed in Africa.
There are two main mechanisms by which pneumococci gain antibiotic resistance: the modification of core genes encoding antibiotic targets, often through homologous recombination, and the acquisition of specialized resistance genes on mobile genetic elements (MGEs).
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Living things do all of the following except
Answer: pass an identical genetic code to their offspring for many generations.
Explanation:
Question 7 of 10
Which step is part of the engineering design process but is not part of a
scientific investigation?
A. Identifying criteria and constraints
B. Solving a problem
C. Performing tests
D. Using math and measurements
The step that is part of the engineering design process but is not part of a scientific investigation is solving a problem (Option B is correct).
What is the scientific method?The scientific method is a series of sequential steps used to collect empirical evidence and thus test hypotheses, which is used both in science and engineering (but engineering also involves solving a given problem).
In conclusion, the step that is part of the engineering design process but is not part of a scientific investigation is solving a problem (Option B is correct).
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