The second law of thermodynamics explain why an ecosystem's energy supply must be continually replenished because it states that in any energy transfer or transformation, some of the energy is lost to its surroundings as heat.
What is Energy?This is defined as the ability to do work and usually causes different types of changes in a biological system and examples include chemical energy, heat energy etc.
In energy transfer or transformation there is no 100 percent efficiency and some of the energy is lost to its surroundings as heat. If the energy supply is not replenished then it will led to a shortage of energy available for organisms in the ecosystem which will led to the death of all life forms.
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when blood glucose levels rise, the pancreatic islets are stimulated to release insulin, which acts on target cells to uptake glucose from the blood. thus, the islets serve as the in the feedback loop. a. effectors b. integrating center c. sensors d. all of the choices are correct
The pancreatic islets serve as the effector in the feedback loop of uptake glucose from the blood.
What is a feedback loop?A feedback loop refers to a system where a product of the system acts as an input in that system, producing a effect in the system.
The metabolic pathways of the body usually involve a feedback loop, where a product or an an intermediate in the pathway acts on the pathway either to increase its activity or to decrease the activity.
In the uptake of glucose from the blood into the cells, a feedback loop is involved.
When blood glucose levels rise, the pancreatic islets are stimulated to release insulin, which acts on target cells to uptake glucose from the blood. thus, the islets serve as the effector in the feedback loop.
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Plant cells do not contain contractile vacuoles, and watering plants causes their cytoplasm to become more dilute. what happens when a plant is watered?
Watering plants causes their cytoplasm to become more dilute, the cell swells and the plant becomes turgid.
What are the mechanism by which plants store excess water?When plants are placed in water, the plants cell absorb water into them selves through the process of osmosis.
The cell membrane of plants cells are able to allow water to pass through as they are semipermeable.
However, unlike some unicellular aquatic organisms which have contractile vacuoles which they use to expel excess water, plants cells lack contractile vacuoles.
Plants cells do have vacuole which store that excess water making the cell to swell and the plant becomes turgid as absorbed water pushes against the cell wall.
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All of the following cellular activities require energy, except __________. active transport facilitated transport cell division movement protein synthesis
All of the following cellular activities require energy, except facilitated transport .
What cell transport do not needs energy?Passive transport does not require any energy from the cell. Examples include oxygen and carbon dioxide distribution, water osmosis, and facilitated diffusion. Passive modes of transportation
What is needed for all cellular activity?Every second, an active cell requires millions of molecules of ATP to carry out its functions. Enclosures produce the ATP they require by using oxygen and glucose in a process known as cellular respiration. A series of enzymatic reactions breaks down glucose. Improved cellular activity improves health and performance because it is the sum of all protein functions. Indeed, increased cellular activity improves energy production, oxygen utilization, cell metabolism, response to free radical damage, and many other protein functions.To learn more about cellular respiration, refer
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Yeast cells, plant cells, and mammal cells all share many similarities in cell signaling. this provides evidence that:_________
Yeast cells, plant cells, and mammal cells all share many similarities in cell signaling. This provides evidence that signal transduction pathways appeared in cells before the evolution of multicellular organisms.
In living organisms, cell signaling or signal transduction takes place through which a physical or chemical signal is transferred across cells.
various research and scientific studies have shown that signal transduction has much resemblance both in multicellular and unicellular organisms.
This phenomenon indicates that this process of cell signaling was present in multicellular organisms since early times.
Gradually, it evolved into unicellular organisms.
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________________________________________ (posterior pituitary hormone) also aids in the stress response by promoting water retention and at high levels it is also a potent.
Vasopressin (posterior pituitary hormone) also aids in the stress response by promoting water retention and at high levels it is also a potent.
Vasopressin is concept to modify blood strain, blood osmolality, and blood amount. The effects of V1a and V2 receptors can be amplified while vasopressin is secreted in excessive quantities, and this situation may be skilled with the resource of patients undergoing a sickness or stress.
Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a nonapeptide synthesized within the hypothalamus. technology has identified it to play important roles in the manipulate of the body's osmotic balance, blood stress law, sodium homeostasis, and kidney functioning.
The most crucial action of vasopressin is its antidiuretic movement at the amassing ducts of the kidney. Vasopressin binds to V2 receptors on the mobile floor of tubular cells, starting up an intracellular cascade which results within the technology of the water channel, aquaporin-2.
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The secondary, but not the primary, immune response is based on which component?:
The secondary, but not the primary, an immune response is based on memory.
An immune response can be described as the way a body fights when an antigen or foreign particle is detected.
A primary response is generated when a particular antigen invades a body for the very first time. As a result of this antigen, effector lymphocytes and memory cells are made.
The memory cells remember the antigens so that a quicker response can be generated when the particular antigen invades the body again. Hence, the secondary response is based on memory. Due to this memory, a secondary response occurs at a much faster rate, and also the immune cells are able to fight strongly.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
The secondary, but not the primary, immune response is based on which component:
A Memory
B The bonus effect of multivalency
C Complement activation
D Mast cell degranulation
E Clonal selection
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PLS HELP FAST !!!!
What is the MEAN of the following numbers?
12, 32, 72, 38, 75, 38, 10
33.62
39.57
44.51
100.52
Answer:
39.57
Explanation:
Round to the nearest thousandth
Q: Use the equation for aerobic respiration to explain why the air that you exhale contains more carbon dioxide than the air that you inhale.
The equation:
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
The exhaled air incorporates extra carbon dioxide due to the fact the carbon dioxide produced in the course of respiration is removed out of the frame because the exhaled air throughout the method of respiration.
Whilst we exhale, we breathe out less oxygen but greater carbon dioxide than we inhale. The carbon we breathe out as carbon dioxide comes from the carbon in the food we eat.
For that reason, inhalation is while we take in air containing oxygen. similarly, exhalation is whilst we give out air rich in carbon dioxide. they're the basic process of respiration. expanded muscle hobby manner multiplied use of oxygen, elevated production of glucose-forming ATP and, consequently, elevated ranges of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells into the blood.
Exhaled air which incorporates: greater carbon dioxide produced as a waste manufactured from energy manufacturing. less oxygen as it has been used in respiration.
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How does the reduced genetic diversity of small populations make them more vulnerable to extinction?
Reduced genetic variation decreases the capacity of a population to evolve in the face of change. the reduced genetic diversity of small populations makes them more vulnerable to extinction.
If genetic variety receives too low, species can pass extinct and be misplaced forever. that is because of the mixed consequences of inbreeding depression and failure to conform to trade. In such instances, the creation of recent alleles can store a population. Inbreeding, genetic drift, constrained gene waft, and small population size all contribute to a reduction in genetic diversity.
Populations with low genetic variety might not be capable of adapting to demanding situations including converting environmental conditions, shrinking habitats, or new diseases, that may position them at risk of disappearing. this is because some variations of a gene may be misplaced because of random threats, and that is more likely to occur while populations are small.
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Distinguish the overall structure of a gastrovascular cavity from that of an alimentary canal.
The gastrovascular cavity is the area where food is both ingested and expelled. Different structures, such as the mouth and anus, are included in an elementary canal for the purposes of ingesting and expelling food.
The gastrovascular cavity refers to the highly branching digestive tract found in coelenterates and flatworms. The mouth is there, but the anus is lacking, indicating that this digestive system isn't complete. Additionally, chemicals are expelled by the mouth. The majority of coelenterates have tentacles around their mouths to collect prey, and they digest their food in a blind sac or gastrovascular cavity. Diffusion is the method used to exchange nutrients. Higher organisms have an alimentary canal. In annelids, the entire digestive system or alimentary canal has formed. Food should be consumed through the mouth, and waste should be expelled through the anus. The mouth, stomach, pancreas, and intestines are all parts of an animal's digestive tract, including those of humans. Digestive juice is produced by the intestinal glands, liver, pancreas, and other organs.Learn more about the gastrovascular cavity with the help of the given link:
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When using gel electrophoresis in dna fingerprinting, __________.
Gel electrophoresis is used in DNA fingerprinting to distinguish between genetic material samples. Enzymes are used to break down the human DNA molecules into a collection of smaller, more manageable bits at specific characteristic places.
What is gel electrophoresis in DNA fingerprinting?A method called electrophoresis allows for the separation and examination of charged molecules in an electric field.
Since DNA is negatively charged, it will move toward the positively charged electrode when an electric current is supplied to the gel.
The DNA fragments are organized in size order because shorter DNA strands travel through the gel more quickly than longer ones.
Therefore, to differentiate different genetic sample gel electrophoresis in DNA fingerprinting used
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What would be the clearest demonstration of the flooding of jesse's potassium ions (k ) into the axions?
The clearest demonstration of the flooding of Jesse's potassium ions (K+) into the axons would be that Jesse stops running for a moment.
What is membrane potential?The expression membrane potential refers to differences in the electrical charges in and out of the nerve cell (in this case, the neuron) in order to transmit information through prolongations called axons.
This difference is due to the presence of specialized ion channels in the membrane that allows the selective passage of ions to the interior of the cell or out it, thereby the movement of the potassium ions through axons is fundamental during the membrane potential.
In this case, stopping running would be caused by the K+ ions that flood the interior of the nerve cells, becoming them positive and leading to membrane depolarization.
In conclusion, the clearest demonstration of the flooding of Jesse's potassium ions (K+) into the axons would be that Jesse stops running for a moment.
Complete Question:
What would be the clearest demonstration of the flooding of Jesse's potassium ions (k ) into the axons?
A) Jesse is sleeping. B) Jesse is stretching before a run. C) Jesse is running as fast as he can. D) Jesse stops running for a moment.
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How does mass relate to inertia
Answer:
Inertia is directly proportional
Explanation:
Inertia increases as the mass of an object increases. Inertia is directly proportional to the mass, that is, inertia increases with the increase in the mass and decreases with the decrease in the mass. The SI unit of the mass is kg and the SI unit of the inertia is also kg.
Answer:
Objects with more mass have more inertia. Consequently, a very large rock will be harder to move than a small pebble. The same way, once the large rock starts to move, it will be harder to stop than the small pebble. MOMENTUM is a measure of inertia of motion. Then momentum relies on mass and velocity. We define momentum as the product of mass and velocity: m * v.
Explanation:
Which of the following should be the same in identical twins? a. the set of antibodies produced b. the set of MHC molecules produced c. the set of T cell antigen receptors produced d. the set of immune cells eliminated as self-reactive
The set of MHC molecules will be same in identical twins.
What is the difference between MZ twins and DZ twins?
Monzygotic twins arise from a single zygote, and have always been thought to inherit identical genomic sequence whereas dizygotic twins arise from two different zygotes and just like siblings share on average 50% identity in their genomic sequence.
In identical twins MHC molecules are exactly same , the cell mediated branch responsible for eliminating infected cells .
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Difference between living things and non-living things. (Atleast 2 differences)
Answer:
1. Living things, unlike non living things can grow
2. Living things, unlike non living things can also reproduce
Explanation:
Can I have brainliest? It would help me out, if not thanks anyways! Hope this helped and have a nice day!
Answer:
The term living thing refers to things that are now or once were alive. A non-living thing is anything that was never alive. In order for something to be classified as living, it must grow and develop, use energy, reproduce, be made of cells, respond to its environment, and adapt.
Explanation:
In order for something to be classified as living, it must grow and develop, use energy, reproduce, be made of cells, respond to its environment, and adapt. While many things meet one or more of these criteria, a living thing must meet all of the criteria. Living and non-living things interact with each other all the time.
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Which type of molecule forms channels through the cell membrane? protein carbohydrate cholesterol phospholipid
Phospholipid refers to the type of molecule which forms channels through the cell membrane and is denoted as option D.
What is Phospholipid?This refers to a type of lipid which contains a hydrophilic head containing a phosphate group and two hydrophobic tails formed from fatty acids and attached by an alcohol residue and have various types of functions.
It forms lipid bilayers in the cell membrane and forms signaling molecules and channels though which different types of substances enters and leaves the cell through selective permeability.
This is therefore the reason why phospholipids was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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Scientific knowledge is ?
answer:
general body of laws and theories to explain an experiment's result acquired using the scientific method.
Systems that think like humans are called systems that support humans without understanding human reasoning are called?
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the replication of human intellect in robots that are trained to think like people and copy their activities.
What three forms of AI are there?Artificial intelligence can be classified as Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), which has a limited set of capabilities, Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), which has capabilities similar to those of humans, and Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI), which has capabilities that are greater than those of humans. Narrow AI or weak AI are other names for artificially limited intelligence, or ANI.
A computer software known as an expert system use artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to mimic the decision-making and actions of a person or group of people who have knowledge and experience in a certain subject. Expert systems are often designed to support human experts rather than to replace them.
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If decomposers usually grow faster and decompose material more quickly in warmer ecosystems, why is decomposition in hot deserts so slow?
The process of decomposition in hot deserts is so slow because different environmental conditions such as temperature and hydric stress hamper it.
What is the decomposition rate?The decomposition rate is the value at which decomposer organisms that eat dead plants and dead animals can breakdown the organic material in natural environments.
In conclusion, the process of decomposition in hot deserts is so slow because different environmental conditions such as temperature and hydric stress hamper it.
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A student drew the following flowchart to show the movement of nutrients.
Soil Roots→Plants → Animals
Which process is likely to be occurring in the plant's roots?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Water transpiration
C. Burning of fossil fuels
OD. Nitrogen fixation
Answer:
B
Explanation:
B is the true line i think
Based on the given flowchart (Soil Roots→Plants → Animals), the process likely to be occurring in the plant's roots is: Nitrogen fixation. The correct option is D.
What is water transpiration?The evaporation of water from plants is known as transpiration. As much as 99.5% of the water received by a plant's roots is surplus water that transpires out of the plant rather than being used for growth or metabolism.
Additionally, the movement of water and nutrients from the roots to the shoots is accelerated by transpiration. As a result, transpiration mechanisms have an impact on the global carbon and hydrological cycles as well as the yield and survival of agricultural species.
This is because nitrogen fixation is the process where atmospheric nitrogen is converted into a form that plants can absorb through their roots and use as nutrients.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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If auxin transport proteins were equally distributed at both ends of the cells, would polar auxin transport stiu be possible? Explain.
If auxin transport proteins were equally distributed at both ends of the cells, polar transport of auxin is not possible.
The polar transport of auxin is predominantly caused by directed IAA efflux out of the basal side of cells and is governed by chemical and electrical gradients across the cell membrane. It enters the cell via two different ways i.e. active uptake and diffusion. IAA that penetrates cells deprotonates in the cytoplasm's neutral environment and therefore can no longer diffuse across the plasma membrane because it is a charged molecule. IAA can travel down the electrochemical gradient and out of the cell thanks to efflux carriers that are concentrated on the basal side of the cell. Auxin travels along a file of cells in a single direction as a result of this polar efflux and therefore if the proteins are equally distributed at both the ends of the cells this polar transport is not possible.
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Describe the basic pathway of information flow through neurons that causes you to turn your head when someone calls your name.
Neuromuscular system is involved in the flow of information to the brain. Combination of nervous system and muscles together is known as Neuromuscular system.
What is Neuromuscular System?The neuromuscular system includes all the nerves and muscles of the body. This system maintains body posture and control of movements. The synaptic connection between brain and is required for the movement of muscles. This system includes all the voluntary movements.
Motor pathways are involved in the conduction of messages from the brain to muscles which causes muscle contraction. Sensory pathways detect light and sound and carry information to the brain.
A chemical synapse acts as a signal causes muscle contraction. Acetylcholine is a major chemical synapse involved in the conduction of nerve impulses to muscle fibers.
Motor pathways and Sensory pathways together responsible for the voluntary movements.
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Identify the bonds and interactions that help maintain a protein's 3-dimensional shape or conformation.
The bonds that will help maintain the three-dimensional structure of a protein will be: disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonds, van der waal forces, ionic interactions and hydrophobic interactions.
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?As proteins are formed and folded, they will acquire different levels of folding which will help maintain a structure that will help them fulfill their cellular roles.
The levels of structure that are formed are built from the previous one, proteins can have a primary structure in which it has a linear succession of amino acids, a secondary structure in which it will already begin to have certain turns and folds adopting a configuration in spiral last and in the tertiary structure thanks to the strong bonds that are formed by the disulfide bonds together with the weak bonds of the hydrogen bonds between the others that are formed, a globular structure will be acquired.
Therefore, we can confirm that the bonds that will help maintain the three-dimensional structure of a protein will be: disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonds, van der waal forces, ionic interactions and hydrophobic interactions.
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Explain why a proton pump inhibitor, such as the drug Prilosec, relieves the symptoms of acid reflux.
The most frequently recommended family of drugs for the treatment of acid-related illnesses like heartburn and indigestion is called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). They function by obstructing the parietal cell of the stomach's acid producing site.
What is proton pump inhibitor?Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are medications that reduce the amount of stomach acid produced by glands in the stomach lining.
Proton pump inhibitors have the following uses:
reduce the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease or acid reflux (GERD). Due to this condition, food or liquids can pass from the stomach into the esophagus (the tube from the mouth to the stomach).Treat a duodenal or gastric ulcer.Take steps to repair lower esophageal damage caused by acid reflux.Learn more about the proton pump inhibitor with the help of the given link:
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The typical multipolar neuron receives input via the _____, processes information in the _____, and sends output via the _____
The typical multipolar neuron receives input via the dendrites processes information in the soma and sends output via the axon.
Axons are tiny, threadlike projections that emerge from the soma. It transmits impulses from the stoma to the other neuron It transports impulses from the stoma to the other neuron.
Dendrites are tiny projections that emerge from the soma. They take an impulse from another neuron's axon and send it to the soma.
Neurons are made up of axons and dendrites. The neurons' long, thin projections are known as axons. The projections of neurons that receive messages from other neurons are known as dendrites. Electrochemical impulses are used as the signaling mechanism.
Through synapse, the axon of the other neuron sends impulses to its dendrites. It is a structure that permits the axon to communicate with the dendrites. It functions by releasing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
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Why do you think the cornstarch did not move into the ziplock bag?
(A.) The pressure from the outside water prevented the cornstarch from moving.
B. The cornstarch molecules were too big to move into the ziplock bag.
C. Cornstarch is hydrophobic (latin for fear of water).
D. Water and cornstarch are opposites, like water and oil.
The cornstarch molecules were too big to move into the ziplock bag.
What is the size of the cornstarch molecules?We know that molecules are of differing sizes. A molecule is may be large or small in size. If a molecule is small in size, the molecule may be able to pass through many barriers as a result of its small size.
On the other hand, if the molecule is big, then it may not be able to pass through a small aperture because the molecule would have to force itself through the aperture.
Hence, the reason why the cornstarch did not move into the ziplock bag is that the cornstarch molecules were too big to move into the ziplock bag.
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The most noticeable difference between human brains and other mammalian brains is the size of the.
The most noticeable difference between human brains and other mammalian brains is the size of the association areas.
The study of brain images has shown that the human brain is composed of millions of fibers that connect the brain with other human-specialized functions such as reasoning, cognition, thinking, and language.
Compared with mammals of the same size, the human brain's cortex is large and wrinkly.
However, the major part that differentiates our brain from other mammals is the cerebral cortex.
It is made up of the occipital, temporal lobe, parietal and frontal parts.
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Hydrogen has 1 proton, 1 electron, and 0 neutrons. what is the level of organization?
There is one proton and no neutrons.
The hydrogen atom is the only of all atoms it consists of a single proton and a single electron. further to the maximum commonplace shape of the hydrogen atom this is referred to as protium other isotopes of hydrogen exist as deuterium and tritium. Atomic structure of protium. Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen this is composed of 1 proton one neutron, and one electron. The nucleus of deuterium is composed of a proton and a neutron. The symbol for deuterium is given as 2H.
Hydrogen is the smallest chemical element. It has one proton and one electron, making it impartial. but, the ions of the hydrogen atoms are charged species. Hydrogen is the detail that's having handiest 1 protons and 1 electron and no neutrons as a result there is no repulsive force within the nucleus hence it's miles strong. The nucleus middle of the atom consists of the protons undoubtedly charged and the neutrons no fee. The outermost areas of the atom are known as electron shells and incorporate the electrons negatively charged.
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In a woodland ecosystem, the number of species of microorganisms in the soil that do not harm plants increases. How does this rise in biodiversity affect the sustainability of the ecosystem?.
In a woodland ecosystem, the number of species of microorganisms in the soil that do not harm plants increases. The rise in biodiversity makes the ecosystem more sustainable.
Biodiversity can be described as the different kinds of organisms that are present in an area. The greater the biodiversity, the more sustainable an ecosystem will be.
The greater the diversity will be among the organisms of a species, the more will be the chances of the species to adapt to changing conditions.
The greater number of microorganisms in the soil that does not harm the plants will be beneficial. The biodiversity among them will cause the number of microorganisms to remain stable even when conditions become unfavorable. Greater diversity means a greater ability for species to cope with changes in the environment. Hence, a rise in biodiversity of the microorganisms in the soil will make the ecosystem more sustainable.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
In a woodland ecosystem, the number of species of microorganisms in the soil that do not harm plants increases. How does this rise in biodiversity affect the sustainability of the ecosystem?
The rise in biodiversity makes the ecosystem less sustainable.
The rise in biodiversity makes the ecosystem more sustainable.
The rise in biodiversity does not change the sustainability of the ecosystem.
The rise in biodiversity makes the ecosystem only temporarily less sustainable.
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Males afflicted with Kartagener's syndrome are sterile because of immotile sperm, and they tend to suffer from lung infections. This disorder has a genetic basis. Suggest what the underlying defect might be.
Males afflicted with Kartagener's syndrome are sterile because of immotile sperm, and they tend to suffer from lung infections. This disorder has a genetic basis. underlying defect might be defects in the microtubule-based movement of cilia and flagella. sperm can't move because of malfunctioning or nonexistent flagella, and the airways compromised because cilia that line the trachea malfunction or don't exist, and so mucus cannot be cleared from the lungs.
Kartagener's syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic ciliary disorder comprising the triad of situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis. The basic problem lies in the defective movement of cilia, leading to recurrent chest infections, ear/nose/throat symptoms, and infertility.Kartagener syndrome, by definition, is a triad of situs inversus, bronchiectasis and chronic sinusitis, and is a subdivision of PCD. It can cause abnormal sperm motility and infertility in men, and can also cause infertility in women because of impaired cilia motility in fallopian tubesto know more about cilia and flagella click here
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