It is important to evaluate reliability of any historical account by considering the source, the context in which it was written, and any potential biases or agendas that may have influenced its creation.
What is an agenda?An agenda is a list of topics or items that will be discussed or acted upon during a meeting, conference, or other event. It is usually created in advance of the event and distributed to participants so they can prepare and know what to expect. The purpose of an agenda is to ensure that the meeting stays focused and productive, and that all necessary topics are covered within the allotted time. It typically includes the start and end times of each item, the name of the person responsible for presenting or leading the discussion, and any supporting materials or background information. Agendas can vary in length and complexity depending on the nature of the event, but they should always be clear and well-organized. By following an agenda, participants can stay on track, make informed decisions, and achieve their goals in an efficient and effective manner.
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What ancient Greek ideas served as the roots of modern democracy
Ancient Greek ideas such as citizenship, direct democracy, the rule of law, and free speech, were the roots of modern democracy, and they continue to shape modern political systems around the world.
Greek democracy is believed to have been the first democracy in the world, and it influenced the development of modern democracy. The Greeks were the first to introduce the concept of citizenship, where people had equal rights and duties. The concept of direct democracy, where every citizen had a say in the government, was also introduced in ancient Greece.
Another ancient Greek idea that served as the roots of modern democracy was the concept of the rule of law. The Greeks believed that laws should apply to everyone equally, including the rulers. This concept is still a fundamental aspect of modern democracy.
Finally, the Greeks introduced the idea of free speech and open debate in the public forum, which is also essential to modern democracy. Citizens had the right to express their opinions and ideas openly without fear of retribution.
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Give an example of corruption in the Roman Republic.
Answer: Rome’s continued expansion resulted in money and revenue for the Republic. Corruption and bribery increased in the government for officials to gain power and access to this money.Rich people bought votes and gave favors to friends. Bribery and corruption were rampant and led to the commoners distrusting the Senate. Many people were brought back as slaves from Rome’s conquests. The capture of slaves created an influx of cheap labor and hurt the lower classes and disrupted the agricultural system. Many local farmers could not compete with the wealthy farms that used slave labor and eventually lost their land. When Rome’s conquests declined, so did their sources of income. This decrease in money resulted in a loss of support for the people of Rome and created an enormous stress on the economy. Officials began to tax their citizens furthering discontent.
Using examples from the Arab Spring of 2011, Hong Kong, or Tiananmen Square, describe the role of youth (18-25) in civil society.
The Arab Spring led to the fall of oppressive, undemocratic governments and the election of new ones in Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia. Also, Morocco was promised social and political advancements.
What were the 2011 Arab uprisings about?The Arab Spring, a wave of armed uprisings, revolutions, and anti-government protests, first emerged in the early 2010s. It began in Tunisia as a protest to corruption and economic stagnation.
What role did social media play in the Arab Spring movement of 2011?Social media dramatically increased participant interaction and communication during political protests. Protesters utilized social media to organize demonstrations (both in favor of and against the government), disseminate information about their actions, and raise local and global awareness of current events.
What impact did the Arab Spring have on the rights of women?They were free to express their opinions and criticize the administration at any time during the transition. Since then, women have put up a lot of effort to promote democratic transitions and have participated in a sizable portion of every election.
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Do you think the patronage system is a good idea? Why or why not?
Although the patronage system has been in use throughout history, it has received much criticism for being a dishonest and ineffective form of government.
On the one hand, proponents of the patronage system contend that by rewarding individuals who have worked hard to elect their party, it contributes to political stability. Moreover, they contend that by elevating devoted members, it fosters a sense of solidarity inside the party.
The patronage system is said to be fundamentally corrupt and to foster cronyism and nepotism, according to detractors. They contend that it fosters a climate in which elected officials are more preoccupied with rewarding political allies than they are with acting in the general welfare of the populace.
Although there are many critics and supporter of the system, it would be better if the promotion should be based on the qualification and experience.
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Which of the following is a total change in government or the way society is run? (4 points) Exile O Guillotine O Revolution O Consulate
Answer:Revolution
Revolution is a total change in government or the way society is run.
Subsectors of agriculture with the highest percent of women in Somalia?
The World Bank's compilation of development indicators, derived from officially recognised sources, states that the female population (as a percentage of the total population) in Somalia was 49.87% in 2021.
What kinds of agriculture are practised in Somalia?The Somalis have historically participated in dry land farming that is irrigated by rainwater collection, the Shabeelle and Jubba rivers, or both. Both methods are used to cultivate cotton, sesame, corn, sorghum, beans, rice, vegetables, and rice.
What are Somali women renowned for?Somali women are recognised for becoming company owners and entrepreneurs. They frequently provide the majority of the family's income. The effects of war, inflation, drought, and male migration have made this imperative.
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Why does Washington urge people to form and maintain a unified government?
Answer: Washington urges people to form and maintain a unified government because it is essential for the success and stability of the nation.
Explanation:
George Washington, as the first President of the United States, recognized the importance of a unified government to ensure the success and stability of the new nation. He understood that a strong, centralized government was necessary to promote economic growth, protect national security, and maintain social order.
During his presidency, Washington faced numerous challenges, including the Whiskey Rebellion, a tax protest in western Pennsylvania, and diplomatic tensions with other countries. In each case, he emphasized the importance of maintaining a unified government and urged the American people to put aside their differences and work together to address these issues.
In his Farewell Address, Washington warned against the dangers of political parties and urged the nation to avoid factionalism and regionalism. He believed that a strong, unified government was necessary to maintain the stability and prosperity of the country.
Overall, Washington recognized that a unified government was essential to achieving the goals of the American Revolution and ensuring the success of the new nation. He saw the importance of setting aside personal and political differences in order to build a strong, prosperous, and united country.
when it came to the american economy what did both sides north and south have in common during the civil war?
both sides produced mainly cotton
inflammation was high for both
both sides had a abundance of crops
During the Era of american economy,the similarity between north and south, which was shared in common during the civil war was inflammation was high for both. The Option B is right.
What was similarity among north and south during the civil war?The main similarity between the North and South during the Civil War was the fact that both sides were deeply committed to their cause and willing to make significant sacrifices to achieve their goals.
In the North, the Union was fighting to preserve the United States and maintain the power of the federal government, while in the South, the Confederacy was fighting for states' rights and the preservation of the institution of slavery.
Both sides were willing to endure tremendous hardships, including casualties, economic hardship, and social upheaval, in order to achieve victory. Additionally, both sides relied heavily on the use of military force to achieve their objectives, which resulted in some of the bloodiest and most brutal battles in American history.
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Do you feel that Thomas Jefferson made the right decision with the Louisiana Purchase?
Explain your position:
This is very subjective so I'll present you some arguments for both sides and let you decide.
Yes:
The Louisiana Purchase was an extremely important event in American history and is widely regarded as the greatest achievement in Jefferson's presidency. It was an extraordinary opportunity to double the size of American in a single transaction for just about 3 to 4 cents an acre. It definitely made sense that Jefferson took up this opportunity to expand westward, where the land could be made productive and migrated into.
No:
1. The Louisiana Purchase may have been unconstitutional, and it went against Jefferson's strict Constitutional interpretation: the Constitution does not give the president explicit power to purchase large plots of land.
2. The Louisiana Purchase would expand government control, something that generally contradicts Jefferson's antifederalist principles.
The above two would set precedents that weakened the Antifederalists.
3. Federalists would threaten serious secession following the purchase, which threatened the Union. Talks of secession were diverted, however, after Alexander Hamilton was shot and killed in a duel with Aaron Burr.
Why did Plateau tribes have to change their way of life significantly after they were
moved onto reservations?
Answer:
Why did the Plateau tribes move around?The Plateau tribes were semi-nomadic. They moved from place to place throughout the year to gather edible vegetables and fruits. The gathering of these plants is still a traditional way of life among many of the people of these tribes today. Fishing was very important to these tribes.
Which social class is Hidalgo challenging?
Hidalgo was opposing the ingrained social and economic inequality and the colonial power system that prevailed in colonial Mexico.
The social class of Hidalgo that is challenging.In Mexican history, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was a Catholic priest and one of the leaders of the Mexican War of Independence against Spain in the early 19th century. Hidalgo's challenge was primarily directed at the Spanish colonial government and the ruling class of Spanish-born aristocrats known as the peninsulares, who held most of the political and economic power in colonial Mexico.
Hidalgo and his followers, who were mainly indigenous people and mestizos (people of mixed European and indigenous ancestry), sought to overthrow the Spanish colonial government and create a more equitable society in which Mexicans of all social classes would have greater political and economic opportunities. They also opposed the privileges enjoyed by the peninsulares, who were seen as exploiting Mexico's resources and people for their own benefit.
Therefore, Hidalgo was challenging the colonial power structure and the entrenched social and economic inequality that existed in colonial Mexico.
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Which new employment opportunities became available for women during
the war?
A. Work with the military as code analysts
B. Work as soldiers in active combat
C. Work in hospitals as nurses
D. Work in education as teachers
SUBMIT
Answer:
a
Explanation:
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are
reserved for the states respectively, or to the people.
-Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Conflicting interpretations of this amendment played a major role in the -
Answer:
development of American federalism, particularly during the 19th and 20th centuries. The Tenth Amendment is often cited in debates over the balance of power between the federal government and the states, with some arguing that it limits federal authority to only those powers specifically granted in the Constitution, while others argue that it allows the federal government to exercise broad powers as long as they are not expressly prohibited by the Constitution. This tension has led to many important Supreme Court cases on issues such as states' rights, civil rights, and environmental regulation.
Explanation:
Vocabulary. Use the word bank to complete each sentence
Lincoln announced that all slaves in the South were free.
1. In the
2. The period of rebuilding after the Civil War is called
3. The
from the United States.
crisis occurred when eleven southern states declared their independence
4. The 14th Amendment says that the government must treat all people the same way. This idea is
called
5. Fair treatment by the government, or.
the law says) and procedural (how the law is enforced).
, comes in two types: substantive (what
we need the word bank
Match the following:
1. communiqué
2. contiguous
3. extremist
4. insurgent
5. repressive
6. stymie
to prevent something or someone
from making progress on a goal
a person who holds a fanatical
belief system
states or locations touching one
another in an unbroken chain
a formal statement or message,
usually in diplomatic circles
overrestrictive and controlling, such
as a leader over his people
one who rebels against established
authority with force
Extremism is defined as "the quality or state of being extreme" or "the advocacy of extreme measures or views." The majority of the time, the term is used to describe a political or religious ideology.
Who are extremists?The perspectives of moderates and extremists are typically contrasted. In Western nations for instance, in contemporary talk on Islam or on Islamic political developments, the qualification among fanatic and moderate Muslims is normally stressed.
extreme : a person who is completely committed to a particular set of beliefs.
communiqué: a conventional assertion or message, normally in discretionary circles .
insurgent : one who uses force to rebel against established authority.
repressive : controlling and over restrictive, like a leader who rules over his people.
contiguous : states or locations touching one another in an unbroken chain .
stymie : to prevent something or someone from making progress on a goal
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AP WORLD:
you don’t need to give me the full answer just notes
How did countries’ borders change from 1900 to the present, and which borders stayed the same?
Borders of countries have undergone numerous changes from 1900 to the present day, with some borders being created, while others were eliminated or altered.
Some of the significant changesAfter World War I, the Treaty of Versailles, and other treaties created new countries such as Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and Austria.
After World War II, Germany was split into two countries, East and West Germany, and new countries such as Israel, Pakistan, and India were created.
The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 led to the creation of new countries such as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Belarus.
The disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s led to the creation of several new countries such as Croatia, Bosnia, and Herzegovina.
The reunification of Germany in 1990 led to the elimination of the border between East and West Germany.
The unification of Yemen in 1990 created a new country.
The separation of South Sudan from Sudan in 2011 led to the creation of a new country.
The annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014 resulted in changes in the borders of Ukraine.
Brexit in 2019 resulted in the United Kingdom leaving the European Union, which caused some changes in borders and trade.
However, some countries' borders have remained relatively stable, such as the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and most countries in South America.
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Suppose that you are a visitor to the South in 1830. Write a newspaper article explaining your impression of life in this region. write 2 to 3 paragraphs
the North, too. The agricultural industry plays a significant role in Southern culture, with huge plantations of cotton and other crops extending as far as the eye can see. Here, life moves at a more leisurely pace, with an emphasis on sports like horse racing, fishing, and hunting.
Who escaped slavery to become a well-known antislavery activist?As a slave, Frederick Douglass went on to become a well-known activist, novelist, and public speaker. He rose to prominence in the abolitionist movement, which worked to abolish slavery both before and during the American Civil War.
What was the adopted Missouri Compromise amendment's position on slavery?In order to maintain the country's balance between slave and free states, this legislation simultaneously accepted Maine as a non-slave state and Missouri as a slave state. In the remaining Louisiana Territory, above the 36° 30' latitude line, slavery was likewise prohibited.
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in what way was ravensbruck different when compared with most other concentration camps?
OA. there were no survivors when the camp was liberated
OB. it was a concentration camp exclusively for women
OC. medical experiments were common
OD. it was the oldest concentration camp used by the nazis
In 1848, james marshall was building a mill in california called sutter’s mill when he made a discovery. what did his discovery lead to?
a. the gold rush
b. the homestead act
c. the second seminole war
d. the monroe doctrine
James W. Marshall and John Sutter were constructing a sawmill together in 1848 when they discovered gleaming gold flakes in the tailrace. The history of both California and the country was altered by this discovery.
What did Sutter's Mill turn up?a gold rush. The most well-known strike took place in 1848 at Sutter's Mill in California, which is close to the Sacramento River. On January 24 of that year, James W. Marshall, John Sutter's carpenter, discovered gold while the latter was having a sawmill constructed.
Sutter's Mill 1848: What Was It?In the foothills of the Sierra Nevada in California, Sutter's Mill was a sawmill that was powered by water on the bank of the South Fork American River. John Sutter, the proprietor, was honoured with its name. James W. Marshall, a construction worker for the mill, discovered gold there in 1848.
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Answer:
A. The gold rush
Explanation:
I got it right on the exam :)
6. Which statement best explains why the Renaissance first developed in ci es like Florence and Venice?
A. They had monasteries where ancient works were kept.
B. They had universi es where scholars studied and taught.
C. They were economic centers where people traveled to exchange goods and ideas.
D. They were governed by united kingdom that invested money into the arts.
Answer:
C. They were economic centers where people traveled to exchange goods and ideas.
Explanation:
hope i helps
A myth about Purusha, a god of the Vedic religion, provided the basis for
A the caste system. The caste system. B war strategies. War strategies. C Buddhism. Buddhism. D religious philosophy
The correct option is A. A myth about Purusha, a god of the Vedic religion, provided the basis for the caste system.
In many cultures, an earth goddess is partnered with the god of heaven. In these situations, additional numina (spirits) are absent or are governed by one of the two as ancestors or spirits of nature. The foundations or origins of the heaven-earth partnership are typically described in myths as the separation of initial chaos into heaven and earth or as a later separation of heaven and earth that originally lay close together. They also usually describe the impregnation of the earth by the god's seed.
The world with all of its opposites was born from Purusha, an androgynous primitive person who split into man and woman through an early act of self-sacrifice. The cosmic egg, which was split into the male sky and the female earth, is another example of a creation story.
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Who is someone that who had been assassinated, but instead of killing their message, their message became even stronger and louder
Martin Luther King Jr. is one example of a person whose message grew louder and more powerful after their death. King was a well-known American civil rights activist.
The concept of civil right activist.One example of someone whose message became stronger and louder after their assassination is Martin Luther King Jr. King was a prominent civil rights leader in the United States during the 1950s and 1960s, who advocated for the end of racial segregation and discrimination. He was assassinated on April 4, 1968, in Memphis, Tennessee.
Instead of silencing King's message, his assassination led to a wave of protests and demonstrations across the United States, as well as a renewed commitment to the civil rights cause. King's legacy has continued to inspire and motivate people around the world to fight for social justice and equality. His message of nonviolent resistance and peaceful protest has been embraced by many other activists and movements, and his speeches and writings continue to be widely read and quoted today.
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How are the Western religions of Judaism and Christianity similar to the Eastern religions of Hinduism and Buddhism?
There are certain parallels to take into account, even though there are unquestionably considerable distinctions between Eastern religions like Buddhism and Hinduism and Western religions like Judaism and Christianity.
How do Judaism and Hinduism compare to and contrast one another?The monotheistic Hindu traditions, such the Vedas, share certain similarities with Judaism, which is well known for its understanding of God. God is transcendent in Judaism, yet both immanent and transcendent in Hinduism.
What is one way that Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are alike?There are many similarities between Christianity, Judaism, and Islam in addition to the fact that they are all monotheistic religions that originated in the Middle East. The ideas of sacrificial acts, charitable deeds, hospitality, peace, justice, pilgrimage, an afterlife.
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Answer:they both belive in good and evil
How did the use of salutary neglect during the colonial period differ from the strict enforcement of the mercantilist system?
During the colonial period, Great Britain had two different approaches to governing its colonies: the policy of salutary neglect and the strict enforcement of the mercantilist system.
Difference between the two policiesSalutary neglect was a policy that involved the British government allowing its colonies to operate relatively independently and without strict supervision. This policy was characterized by a lack of enforcement of British laws and regulations in the colonies, and a willingness to allow the colonies to develop their own political and economic systems. This policy was in effect from the late 1600s until the mid-1700s and was primarily driven by British policymakers' focus on their domestic politics and issues.
On the other hand, the mercantilist system was a strict set of regulations that were designed to benefit the British economy at the expense of the colonies. Under this system, the British government controlled trade and commerce within the colonies and enforced strict regulations on what goods could be traded and with whom. The British government also required the colonies to trade exclusively with Great Britain and imposed heavy taxes on the colonies' exports.
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What is linear perspective? A. a critical approach an artists takes B. an artistic interpretation C. a method artists use to create the illusion of space D. a method that uses only black pencil lines.
Answer: C. ; Linear perspective is a method that artists use to create the illusion of space on a two-dimensional surface such as a canvas or a piece of paper.
Explanation: Linear perspective is a method that artists use to create the illusion of space on a flat surface. It involves using lines and vanishing points to create depth and distance in a composition, allowing artists to create realistic and convincing three-dimensional images.
Answer:c.
a method artists use to create the illusion of space
Explanation:
pick a point of view of an outraged japanese or korean citizen and present the reasons for your unhappiness
After demonstrations in 1919, Japanese control became less severe. But, by the end of the 1930s, during the Sino-Japanese War, there was a movement to completely incorporate the Koreans into the Japanese Empire by eradicating their ethnic identity, culture, and language.
How are Japanese and Koreans linked to one another?Due to differences over history and history textbooks, ties between Japan and the two Koreas have lately worsened. Nationalist pride and antagonism have increased as teachers and professors have entered a debate over historical events that occurred more than fifty years ago—or maybe two millennia ago.
From 1910 until 1945, Japan held a military occupation of Korea. Japanese rule loosened up following 1919 protests. But, at the end of the 1930s, when the Sino-Japanese War was in full swing, there was a drive to entirely assimilate the Koreans into the Japanese Empire by destroying their ethnic identity, culture, and language. Throughout this period of cultural limitation coupled with political and social persecution, the Japanese left the Koreans with a terrible taste in their mouths, and since this all occurred relatively recently, the bitterness hasn't yet faded.
There are also still some particularly contentious issues, like the Japanese coercing Koreans into serving as comfort women and the Japanese claim on Dokdo, which enrages Koreans because it is yet another instance of the Japanese attempting to seize their land (the Japanese also attempted to do so in the late 1500s in a failed invasion that Koreans remember quite well). All of these issues add to the resentment toward the Japanese that still exists in the country.
It should also be noted that the term "han" in Korean denotes a deeply felt and enduring sense of guilt and sadness. Understanding Korean attitudes and behavior requires an understanding of han, a basic aspect of Korean culture. This bitter melancholy sometimes manifests as a very long memory for wrongdoings and a particular sensitivity to them, as well as a strong drive to persevere and thrive despite—and perhaps even to spite—oppressors. one's To put it another way, Koreans feel as though they have endured pain, which fuels their agony by forcing them to continually reflect on it. They also utilize this pain as inspiration and a method to define themselves. The current Korean-Japanese rivalry is mostly the consequence of Koreans' propensity to tenaciously hang onto ancient grudges and Japanese's propensity to ignore uncomfortable realities in order to avoid embarrassment.
In order to express, recognize, and ease their suffering, Koreans want regrets and the entire restoration of what they believe to be their homeland. The Japanese government is thereby compelled to decide between abiding at the cost of their sense of self and striving to minimize or ignore the responsibility of prior generations. This stance frustrates some Japanese since Korea won't allow the past to end amicably. Many Japanese undoubtedly do not fully understand the extent of Korea's suffering at the hands of Japan because of the government's persistent avoidance and/or denial of the issue; as a consequence, Koreans' bitterness may look unwarranted as if Koreans just had a hatred for Japanese. Then, on the part of some Japanese as well, national and personal pride enters the picture. This leads to hatred between the parties involved as well as a widespread disagreement over what actually happened and how terrible it was.
Despite this, a sizeable section of the populations of both the Japanese and the Korean still express interest in and lack of enmity toward one another's cultures. There is some animosity, but it is mainly focused on Korea. As far as I can tell, many Japanese, at least among the younger age, routinely show interest in traveling to Korea and enjoy Korean pop culture.
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Which event occurred during the American Revolution?
Responses
Independence Hall shots fired
Independence Hall shots fired
First Continental Congress
First Continental Congress
British surrender at Yorktown
British surrender at Yorktown
British treaty with the Hessians
Answer:
British surrender at Yorktown
Describe the main complaint of each of the following leaders of the Reformation (make sure to note each bold glossary term):
—John Wycliffe:
—Jan Hus:
—Desiderius Erasmus:
—Martin Luther:
—John Calvin:
—Huldrych Zwingli:
—John Knox:
—John of Leyden
Answer:
John Wycliffe: He was an English theologian who criticized the wealth and corruption of the Church and believed in the sole authority of the Bible. He argued that the Bible should be translated into the common language of the people rather than just in Latin.
Jan Hus: He was a Czech theologian who was influenced by Wycliffe and criticized the Church for its corruption and for denying the Eucharist to the laity. He believed in the authority of the Bible and the priesthood of all believers.
Desiderius Erasmus: He was a Dutch humanist and theologian who criticized the Church for its abuses and believed in the need for moral reform. He argued for the study of the Bible and the classics in their original languages.
Martin Luther: He was a German monk and theologian who criticized the Church for its sale of indulgences and corruption. He believed in the doctrine of justification by faith alone, rejected the authority of the Pope, and translated the Bible into German.
John Calvin: He was a French theologian who believed in the sovereignty of God and the doctrine of predestination. He emphasized the importance of the Bible and the need for a disciplined Christian life. He established a theocratic government in Geneva.
Huldrych Zwingli: He was a Swiss theologian who criticized the Church for its abuses and believed in the importance of the Bible. He rejected the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation and emphasized the symbolic nature of the Eucharist.
John Knox: He was a Scottish theologian who was influenced by Calvin and helped establish Presbyterianism in Scotland. He believed in the authority of the Bible and the importance of a disciplined Christian life.
John of Leyden: He was a Dutch Anabaptist leader who established a theocratic government in Munster, Germany. He believed in the need for a radical break from the corrupt world and the establishment of a new Jerusalem. His movement was eventually suppressed by the combined forces of the Catholic Church and Protestant princes.
5 facts about life in vietnam before the french
Here's my old project on vietnam hope you can find something on it :)
Vietnam is situated between the eighth and 24th parallel, north of the equator. The shape of the country is long and narrow; it is more than 1,600 kilometres in length with an area spanning almost 330,000 square kilometres. Vietnam has an extensive coastline on the South China Sea and also shares land borders with China, Laos and Cambodia
There are several major river systems, which the Vietnamese people rely on for water, transport and irrigation. The two largest river systems are the Mekong in the south and the Red River in the north. The lower reaches of these rivers fan into large deltas and coastal plains. With their water and fertile soil, these deltas are home to most of the nation’s agricultural production.
Rice is Vietnam’s most significant crop, in fact, it is the world’s second-largest rice exporter. Though rice is grown everywhere, the vast majority is produced in the fertile floodplains of the Mekong Delta.
Vietnamese civilisation
Human civilisation in Vietnam dates back to ancient times. Several ethnic groups have shaped and contributed to Vietnamese society. The earliest human migrations and settlements in Vietnam are thought to have come from the north. Archaeological studies in northern Vietnam have turned up artefacts and utensils of Chinese manufacture.
Vietnam’s broad coastline and accessibility by sea have also allowed frequent visits and settlement from many seafaring peoples, including the Khmer (Cambodians), Malay, Javanese, Indians and others. By its medieval period, Vietnam was something of a ‘melting pot’, containing different ethnicities and languages and great diversity in social, religious and cultural values.
Later, Vietnam’s prominent position in the South China Sea saw it become an important stop for ships plying the maritime ‘Silk Route’ between east and west.
Viet kingdoms
medieval vietnam
Hoa Lu, the medieval capital of Vietnam, in the Red River delta region
Vietnam before French colonisation was already centuries old. During its medieval period, Vietnam evolved into two separate kingdoms: Bac Bo and Champa.
Bac Bo was the northernmost region, named for the Gulf of Tonkin. By around 300 BC, this area had become known as Nam Viet; its inhabitants were called the Lac Viet. They were mostly rice farmers, cattle herders and fishermen, though many Lac Viet were also skilled at bronze working, ceramics and weaving.
In 111 BC, northern Vietnam was occupied by the Chinese Han Empire, which called the region Annam and claimed it as a southern province of China. The Han sent in their own governors, bureaucrats and generals to manage the region and transform it into a Chinese province. These officials demanded high taxes and ordered reforms to agriculture; they also suppressed Viet language and education and imposed Chinese social, cultural and religious values.
Chinese domination
vietnam confucius
The Chinese philosopher Kong Fuzi, or Confucius
This long period of domination led to Chinese belief systems becoming entrenched in medieval Vietnam. The most prominent of these was Confucianism, a philosophy and system of ethics based on the teachings of Chinese philosopher Kong Fuzi or Confucius (551-478BC).
Confucianism was not a religion but more a philosophy and code of conduct; it stressed morality, self-discipline, loyalty and obedience to one’s elders and superiors, as well as humaneness and self-sacrifice for the benefit of others. Though not developed for conquest, Confucian teachings about obedience and loyalty proved useful to the Chinese, as they imposed control over Bac Bo.
By around 200 AD Buddhism, imported by traders and travellers from southern India, had also taken root in Vietnam. Several emperors of the medieval period were raised as Buddhists. It would eventually be endorsed as a state religion in Vietnam.
In time, Buddhism became the popular religion of the peasant classes while Confucianism was practised largely by the middle classes, royal officials and the wealthy.
Peasants and feudalism
It was during the era of Chinese domination that Vietnam’s feudal social structure took shape. Most lands were owned by the emperor and his family, high-ranking mandarins or Buddhist monasteries. The vast majority of the Lac Viet lived as peasants, working for and paying tribute to their landowner. Most were taxed heavily and obliged to perform unpaid work on roads, temples or the landlord’s own buildings.
The heavy exploitation of the peasantry fuelled regular rebellions and uprisings, though they were usually small and locally-organised, and thus easily defeated. Rebellions led by warlords or nobles were less common but more successful. Some of these uprisings resulted in the restoration of Viet independence, such as an insurrection led by the Trung sisters (40-43AD). But they were usually short-lived: the Chinese would return in great numbers and regain control.
Who worked for economic empowerment the black panthers or SNCC?
Answer:
Explanation:
Both the Black Panthers and SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) worked towards economic empowerment for Black Americans during the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.
The Black Panthers were a political organization founded in 1966 that aimed to address economic and social inequality in Black communities through direct action, community organizing, and advocacy for socialist policies. They implemented various programs to address economic issues such as poverty, lack of access to healthcare, and unemployment, including free breakfast programs, health clinics, and job training initiatives.
SNCC was a student-led civil rights organization that played a key role in the sit-in movement and voter registration drives. They also worked towards economic empowerment for Black Americans through their Freedom Budget, a plan that called for increased government spending on social welfare programs and infrastructure to address poverty and inequality.
Both the Black Panthers and SNCC recognized the importance of economic empowerment as a means of achieving greater equality and social justice for Black Americans during the Civil Rights Movement.