based on the appearance of your reaction (aluminum with copper (ii) sulfate) in thebeaker, which reagent do you think was consumed, and which reagent had some left over? explain.

To estimate the sugar concentration in a gummy bear, we first need to determine the mass of sugar in the gummy bear.

Given that the gummy bear has a mass of 2.3 g and 12% of its mass is sugar, we can calculate the mass of sugar in the gummy bear as follows:

Mass of sugar = 12% x 2.3 g = 0.276 g

Next, we need to convert the volume of the gummy bear to liters, since concentration is typically expressed in units of moles per liter. Since 1 mL = 0.001 L, the volume of the gummy bear is:

Volume of gummy bear = 1 mL = 0.001 L

Now we can calculate the sugar concentration in the gummy bear in units of moles per liter. The molar mass of sugar is about 342 g/mol, so the number of moles of sugar in the gummy bear is:

Number of moles of sugar = 0.276 g / 342 g/mol = 0.000807 mol

Therefore, the sugar concentration in the gummy bear is:

Sugar concentration = number of moles of sugar / volume of gummy bear

= 0.000807 mol / 0.001 L

= 0.807 mol/L

So, the estimated sugar concentration in a gummy bear is 0.807 mol/L.

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We must change the coefficients in front of the chemical formulae in order to balance equation. The balanced equation is as follows: 4O2 + 6H2O + 6NaCl + Al2O3 + 2NH3 = 6Na + 2AlN2 + 15CI.

When a chemical equation is balanced, coefficients change. Never alter the subscript. A coefficient is a multiplier for whole numbers. to correct an equation in chemistry.

You can only alter the coefficients in an equation when you balance it. The coefficients are shown by the numerals in front of the molecule. The lower numbers found following atoms are called subscripts. When balancing chemical equations, these cannot be altered!.

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9.0 moles of Na3PO4 will form from 9.0 moles of H3PO4, rounded to the tenths place.

To determine how many moles of Na3PO4 form from 9.0 mol H3PO4, we need to use stoichiometry.

First, we'll identify the mole ratio between H3PO4 and Na3PO4 in the balanced chemical equation:

3NaOH + H3PO4 → 3H2O + Na3PO4

From the balanced equation, we can see that the mole ratio between H3PO4 and Na3PO4 is 1:1.

This means that for every 1 mole of H3PO4 reacted, 1 mole of Na3PO4 is produced.

Since we have 9.0 mol H3PO4:

9.0 mol H3PO4 * (1 mol Na3PO4 / 1 mol H3PO4) = 9.0 mol Na3PO4

So, 9.0 moles of Na3PO4 will form from 9.0 moles of H3PO4, rounded to the tenths place.

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The reason why the reaction rate for reactants is defined as the negative of the change in reactant concentration concerning time, whereas for products, it is defined as the change in reactant concentration concerning time (with a positive sign) is because a reaction rate is a measure of the speed at which a reaction takes place.

Let's understand it in depth:

The reaction rate is determined by how fast the reactants are being used up or consumed and how quickly the products are being formed. If the reactants are being used up rapidly and the products are being formed slowly, the reaction rate will be slower than if the reactants were being used up slowly and the products were being formed rapidly. In general, the rate of a chemical reaction is expressed as the change in concentration of one or more of the reactants or products over a given time.

To calculate the reaction rate, you need to measure the change in concentration of one or more of the reactants or products over time. If the concentration of the reactant decreases over time, the reaction rate is expressed as a negative number. On the other hand, if the concentration of the product increases over time, the reaction rate is expressed as a positive number.

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the pH of the 0.32 M solution of the weak acid with a Ka of 9.2 ×

[tex] {10}^{ - 6} [/tex]

at 25°C is 2.92.

To calculate the pH of a weak acid solution, we need to use the dissociation constant of the acid (Ka) and the concentration of the acid (molarity) in the solution.

HA + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + A-

Ka = [H3O+][A-] / [HA]

Solve for x using the quadratic formula, since this is a quadratic equation:

x = [H3O+] = √(Ka*[HA]) = √(9.2 ×

[tex] {10}^{ - 6} [/tex]

* 0.32) = 1.20 × 10^-3 M

Calculate the pH using the formula:

pH = -log[H3O+] = -log(1.20 ×

[tex] {10}^{ - 3} [/tex]

) = 2.92

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Fe's mass percent composition is equal to 55.85 g/mol times 329.27 g/mol, or 100%. Fe's mass percent composition is equal to 0.1696 times 100%. Fe has a mass percentage composition of 16.96%.

Mass percent is best expressed using the formula mass percentage  mass of chemical x measure the mass of combination) x 100. To express the amount as a percentage, multiply the value at the top by 100.

Titanium (35 percent), oxygen (30 percent), silicate (15 percent), and aluminium make up the majority of the Earth's mass (13 percent).

The mass percent is determined by dividing the amount of compound or solute by the amount of the component or solute. A percent is obtained by multiplying the result by 100. A compound's composition can be determined by applying the formula: mass percentage = (mass of element in 1 mole of compound /mass of 1 mole of compound ) 100.

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                                 "Complete question"

Lab Report Sheet: Part A: Determination of Mass Percent of Iron (Fe) Mass of evaporating dish and unknown sample _____ g Mass of evaporating dish _____ g Mass of original sample _____ g Mass of evaporating dish after removing iron fillings _____ g Mass of Fe _____ g Percent of Fe in sample _____ % Calculations: fill in the blanks.

To make a 4 molal solution using 9 mol of NaOH, we need 2250 g of water.

NaOH mass equals moles of NaOH times its molar mass, or 360.00 g.

Molality is defined as moles of solute divided by kilograms of solvent.

When we rewrite the equation, we obtain:

mass of the solvent is equal to the product of the solute's moles and its molality.

Inputting the values provided yields:

mass of the solvent equals 9 mol/4 mol/kg

2.25 kg is the solvent's mass.

The mass of water is then converted from kilogrammes to grammes:

2.25 kg times 1,000 g/kg is the mass of water.

water weighs 2250 g.

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The Henry's law constant for O2 in water given the concentration of O2 in water is 0.590 g/L and an oxygen pressure of around 15.5 atm is 4.42 x 10^-4 M/atm.

Henry's Law relates to the concentration of a gas dissolved in a solvent to the pressure of that gas in equilibrium with the solvent. According to Henry's Law, the concentration of gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in the atmosphere over the liquid. The law is as follows: c = kPwhere c is the concentration of the gas in the liquid, P is the partial pressure of the gas in the atmosphere over the liquid, and k is a proportionality constant known as the Henry's law constant. To find the value of Henry's Law constant for O2 in water, we will use the formula: k = c / P Given that the concentration of O2 in water is 0.590 g/L and the oxygen pressure is 15.5 atm, we can substitute these values to find the value of Henry's law constant. k = c / Pk = (0.590 g/L) / (15.5 atm)k = 0.038 M/atm

The value of Henry's Law constant for O2 in water is 0.038 M/atm.

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The molecular formula of Ascorbic acid is C6H8O6 having the molar mass of 176.14 g/ mole.

Ascorbic acid is known as the chemical name for Vitamin C. Ascorbic acid is commonly found in high concentrations in citrus fruit. This acid is also found in tomatoes, broccoli, and many other fruits and vegetables. Vitamin C is a nutrient of the body needs to form blood vessels, cartilage, muscle and collagen in bones. This vitamin is also vital to the body's healing process.

A molecular formula is defined as a chemical formula of a molecular compound that shows the kinds and numbers of atoms present in a molecule of the compound. This is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule using chemical element symbols and numbers.

A molecule of the ascorbic acid will have a mass of 176.124 atomic mass units.

This is determined by adding 6 X 12.011 for carbon + 8 X 1.008 for hydrogen + 6 X 15.999 for oxygen.

This is equals to the 72.066 for carbon + 8.064 for hydrogen + 95.994 for oxygen. Added together, these equal 176.124 molecular mass.

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According to the question there are 1.235 moles of Ca3Si2 in 325 g of the compound.

Material is something that can be seen, felt, and/or interacted with. It is the physical substance of which a thing is composed. Materials can be made up of elements, compounds, and/or mixtures of these. Examples of materials include metals, plastics, rubber, wood, paper, cloth, glass, and water. Each material has unique properties such as strength, weight, color, texture, and durability. The choice of material used in a design or product is important as it affects the cost, performance, and overall success of the item. Manufacturers must consider the properties of the materials they choose and how they will interact with each other in order to create a successful product.

The molar mass of Ca3Si2 is 263.01 g/mol. This means that there are 1.235 moles of Ca3Si2 in 325 g of the compound.

To calculate this, we first need to calculate the mass of one mole of Ca3Si2. This can be done by dividing the molar mass of the compound (263.01 g/mol) by 1. This gives us a result of 263.01 g/mol.

We can then use this value to calculate the number of moles in 325 g of Ca3Si2. This is done by dividing the mass of the compound (325 g) by the mass of one mole of Ca3Si2 (263.01 g/mol). This gives us a result of 1.235 moles.

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In the wave mechanical model, atoms of protons are separated into multiple orbitals and sublevels in addition to surrounding the nucleus at their fundamental energy levels. An atom's framework is the Bohr Model.

Niels Bohr, a scientist, proposed the idea in 1913. According to this theory, electrons move in discrete circular orbits, or shells, around an atom's nucleus. The students are taught about many atomic models in this lesson, including Dalton's, Thomson's, Rutherford's, and Bohr's models.

A positively charged sphere that has had negatively charged electrons inserted into it makes up an atom. An molecule throughout its entirety is electrically neutral because the magnitudes of electrons and protons are equal. Atoms make up all physical matter. The same element's atoms are structure.

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4. The molar mass of KOH is 56.11 g/mol. Using the formula for molarity, M = moles of solute/liters of solution, we can calculate the number of moles of KOH in the solution:

moles of KOH = 112 g / 56.11 g/mol = 1.997 mol

Then, we divide the moles of KOH by the volume of the solution in liters:

M = 1.997 mol / 2.00 L = 0.999 M

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 0.999 M, which is approximately 1.00 M.

Answer: C) 1.00 M

5. Using the same formula for molarity, we can first calculate the number of moles of KNO3 in the solution:

moles of KNO3 = 404 g / 101 g/mol = 4.00 mol

Then, we divide the moles of KNO3 by the volume of the solution in liters:

M = 4.00 mol / 2.00 L = 2.00 M

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 2.00 M.

Answer: A) 2.00 M

6. The molar mass of KF is 58.10 g/mol. Using the same formula for molarity, we can calculate the number of moles of KF in the solution:

moles of KF = 116 g / 58.10 g/mol = 1.999 mol

Then, we divide the moles of KF by the volume of the solution in liters:

M = 1.999 mol / 1.00 L = 1.999 M

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 1.999 M, which is approximately 2.00 M.

Answer: A) 2.00 M

7. The volume of the solution is given in milliliters, so we need to convert it to liters:

2,000 milliliters = 2.000 liters

The concentration of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. One mole of CaCl2 has a mass of 40.08 + 2(35.45) = 110.98 g. Therefore, the number of moles of CaCl2 in the solution is:

moles of CaCl2 = 1 mol

We can now calculate the concentration of the solution:

M = 1 mol / 2.000 L = 0.500 M

Therefore, the concentration of the solution is 0.500 M.

Answer: C) 0.25 M

8. The molarity of the HCl solution is given as 3.0 M. Using the formula for molarity, we can calculate the number of moles of HCl in 0.50 L of solution:

moles of HCl = M x L = 3.0 mol/L x 0.50 L = 1.5 mol

Therefore, there are 1.5 moles of HCl in 0.50 L of solution.

Answer: C) 1.5

9. We need to use the formula for molarity to determine how many moles of KOH are required to make a 2.00 M solution in 250. mL of solution:

M = moles of KOH / liters of solution

2.00 M = moles of KOH / 0.250 L

moles of KOH = 0.500 mol

Then, we can use the formula:

mass = moles x formula mass

mass of KOH = 0.500 moles x 56.0 g/mol = 28.0 g

Therefore, the answer is (C) 28.0 g.

10. According to the Solubility Guidelines chemistry reference table, the least soluble compound in water is (B) Ca3(PO4)2.

11. Based on the Solubility Guidelines chemistry reference table, the compound that will not dissolve in a saturated solution is (A) AgCl(aq).

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Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume when the temperature is constant.

Mathematically, Boyle's Law can be expressed as P1V1 = P2V2, where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume.

Here's an example problem with a solution that uses Boyle's Law:

Example problem:

A sample of gas has a volume of 5.0 L at a pressure of 2.0 atm. If the pressure is increased to 4.0 atm, what will be the new volume of the gas?

Solution:

According to Boyle's Law, P1V1 = P2V2, where P1 = 2.0 atm, V1 = 5.0 L, and P2 = 4.0 atm.

Substituting these values into the equation, we get:

(2.0 atm)(5.0 L) = (4.0 atm)(V2)

Simplifying the equation, we get:

10 L atm = 4.0 atm V2

Dividing both sides by 4.0 atm, we get:

V2 = 10 L atm / 4.0 atm

V2 = 2.5 L

Therefore, the new volume of the gas is 2.5 when the pressure is increased to 4.0 atm.

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4 half-lives will occur during this period of time.

Formula used :

where,

a = amount of reactant left after n-half lives and

time t = Initial amount of the reactant.

decay constant = half life of an isotope

n = number of half lives

We have :

a = ?

t = 552 days

n = 4

4 half-lives will occur during this period of time.

The molarity is 0.000052 Molar for an intoxicated driver who has 12ml ethyl alcohol in his blood.

We must be aware of the molecular weight of ethyl alcohol to compute molarity (C2H5OH).

Ascertaining the atomic weight of C2H5OH yields the accompanying outcomes: (1 x 16.00 g/mol for oxygen) + (2 x 12.01 g/mol for carbon) + (6 x 1.01 g/mol for hydrogen) = 46.07 g/mol

We presently need to realize how much blood the 12 ml of ethyl liquor break up to decide the molarity of ethyl liquor in the driver's blood. Expect the driver to have a blood volume of 5 liters generally speaking (5000 ml).

To get the quantity of ethyl alcohol in moles, multiply 12 ml by (1 L/1000 ml) x (1 mol/46.07 g) to get 0.00026 mol.

It is possible to compute the amount of ethyl alcohol in the driver's blood as follows: 0.00026 mol/5 L = 0.000052 M

The amount of ethyl alcohol in the driver's blood is thus 0.000052 Molar.

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A simple experiment to determine the specific binding, nonspecific binding, and total binding of an agonist at a single concentration would involve the following steps:

1. Pre-incubate a set of samples containing the agonist and various concentrations of the competitive antagonist. This will allow you to calculate the fractional inhibition of binding (FIB) of the agonist by the antagonist.

2. Use the easy assay to measure the binding of the agonist to its target. This will give you the total binding of the agonist.

3. To calculate the nonspecific binding of the agonist, subtract the total binding from the FIB. This will give you an estimate of the amount of agonist that binds to sites other than the target.

4. Finally, to calculate the specific binding of the agonist, subtract the nonspecific binding from the total binding. This will give you an estimate of the amount of agonist that binds to its target.

Using this experiment, you can quickly determine the specific, nonspecific, and total binding of an agonist at a single concentration. This is a valuable tool for understanding how drugs interact with their targets and can be used to optimize drug design and development.

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The bond enthalpy of the N-N triple bond is 418kj/mol. The correct statement about the N2 molecule is correct is that It requires less energy to break the bonds in molecule A than it does in molecule B.

A molecule is described as a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds

In chemistry, bond energy (E) or bond enthalpy (H) is the measure of bond strength in a chemical bond which means that the higher the bond enthalpy, the more energy is needed to break the bond and the stronger the bond.

The lower the bond enthalpy, the lesser energy is needed to break the bond and the weaker the bond.

So we can say that the e correct option is A. Since A has a lower energy value compared to B, it would take a lesser amount of energy to break the bonds in A.

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#completye question:

The bond enthalpy of the N-N triple bond is 418kj/mol. Which statement about the N2 molecule is correct?​

A. It requires less energy to break the bonds in molecule A than it does in molecule B.

B.It requires more energy to break the bonds in molecule A than it does in molecule B.

C. Molecule A is more stable than molecule B.

D. Molecule A has stronger bonds than molecule B.

Effusion can be defined as the leakage of gas molecules from a container through a tiny hole.

Effusion is one of the important physical properties of gases. It is defined as the process in which gas molecules pass through a tiny hole from one compartment to another. Effusion is based on Graham's law which states that "the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular mass or weight. "This law was proposed by Thomas Graham in 1846. It states that the effusion rate of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

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The definition of effusion is the leakage of gas molecules from a container through a tiny hole.

Effusion refers to the process by which a gas flows through a tiny hole in a container into an area of lower pressure. The rate of effusion can be influenced by factors such as the size of the hole, the mass of the gas molecules, and the temperature of the gas. In effusion, the gas molecules move from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.

The rate of effusion is influenced by several factors, including the size of the hole, the mass of the gas molecules, and the temperature of the gas. The rate of effusion is directly proportional to the average velocity of the gas particles. Therefore, lighter molecules will effuse faster than heavier molecules. The average distance travelled by a particle between collisions is called mean free path while the spreading of gas molecules through space is called diffusion. Therefore, the answer to the question is "the leakage of gas molecules from a container through a tiny hole."

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Answer:

Polyatomic - Yes, (NH4)2CO3 contains polyatomic ions.

Metalloid - No, (NH4)2CO3 does not contain any metalloids.

Acid - No, (NH4)2CO3 is a salt, not an acid.

High Melting Point - No, (NH4)2CO3 has a relatively low melting point of around 58 °C.

Soluble in Water - Yes, (NH4)2CO3 is soluble in water.

Contain Anions and Cations - Yes, (NH4)2CO3 contains both anions (CO3^2-) and cations (NH4+).

Multivalent - No, (NH4)2CO3 does not contain any multivalent ions.

Therefore, the properties that apply to (NH4)2CO3 are 1, 5, and 6. The numerical response in ascending order is: 1, 5, 6.

Explanation:

Answer:

brother answer is this photo

The average atomic mass of hydrogen in the periodic table rounds to 1 because hydrogen-1 is the most frequent isotope of hydrogen.

Using the atomic masses of each isotope and their percent abundances, get the average atomic mass. To convert each percentage of abundance to a decimal, divide it by 100. Add the atomic mass of the isotope to this value. To find the average atomic mass, add the atomic masses of each isotope.

One proton, one electron, and no neutron make up the hydrogen atom. Because hydrogen has no neutrons, its mass number is equal to its atomic number, which is 1.

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Therefore, the 20g of C has more atoms than the 70g of Zn.

To determine which sample has the most atoms, we need to use Avogadro's number, which is the number of atoms in a mole. Avogadro's number is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mole.

First, we need to determine how many moles of each substance we have. We can do this by dividing the given mass by the molar mass of the element. The molar mass of carbon (C) is approximately 12 g/mol, and the molar mass of zinc (Zn) is approximately 65 g/mol.

For 20g of C:

moles of C = 20 g / 12 g/mol ≈ 1.67 moles

For 70g of Zn:

moles of Zn = 70 g / 65 g/mol ≈ 1.08 moles

Now, to determine the number of atoms, we can multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number.

For 20g of C:

number of atoms = 1.67 moles x 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mole ≈ 1.00 x 10^24 atoms

For 70g of Zn:

number of atoms = 1.08 moles x 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mole ≈ 6.50 x 10^23 atoms

Therefore, the 20g of C has more atoms than the 70g of Zn.

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The reaction system CO(g) + 2 H2(g) = CH3OH(g) is at equilibrium, meaning that the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. If H2 is added to the container, the forward reaction becomes favoured and shifts to the right. This increases the amount of products (CH3OH) formed, and decreases the amount of reactants (CO and H2). As a result, the partial pressure of CO remains the same, while the partial pressure of CH3OH decreases.

This is due to Le Chatelier's Principle, which states that when a system at equilibrium is subjected to an external stress, the system will adjust to minimize the stress. In this case, the stress is the addition of H2, which is favouring the formation of products and disrupting the equilibrium. The system responds by decreasing the amount of products formed and shifting the reaction back to equilibrium.

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Answer:

Based on the information provided, it seems that Mateo subscribes to the situational theory of leadership. This theory suggests that the most effective leadership style depends on the situation at hand, and that a good leader will be able to adapt their leadership style to suit the needs of their team. Mateo is specifically looking for someone who can keep the team focused and on track, indicating that he recognizes the importance of tailoring his leadership approach to the situation.

The half-life for the reaction is 0.693/k. It will take approximately 1.386/k seconds for the concentration of A to decrease to 25% of its initial concentration. It will take approximately 2.218/k seconds for the concentration of A to decrease to 0.78 M. If the initial concentration of A is 0.150 M, the concentration of A after 5 half-lives is 0.00938 M, and after 10 half-lives it is 0.00059 M.

The decomposition of A is a first-order reaction with a rate constant of k at a certain temperature. The rate law for this reaction is given by:

Rate = k[A]

The half-life for a first-order reaction is given by the equation:

t1/2 = 0.693/k

Substituting the given rate constant into this equation gives the half-life for the reaction.

To calculate how long it will take for the concentration of A to decrease to 25% of its initial concentration, we can use the equation:

[tex]ln\frac{A_{t} }{A_{0}} = -k_{t}[/tex]

Substituting 0.25[A]0 for [A]t and the given rate constant into this equation, we can solve for t.

Similarly, to calculate how long it will take for the concentration of A to decrease to 0.78 M, we can use the same equation and substitute 0.78 M for [A]t and the given rate constant into the equation.

To determine the concentration of A after a certain amount of time has passed, we can use the equation: [A]t = [A]₀ [tex]e^{-kt}[/tex]

Substituting the given rate constant and the time elapsed into this equation will give us the concentration of A at that time.

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Answer: 484.94 K

Explanation:

T2 = T1 X V2 / V1

Temperature must be in kelvin so 543 + 273.15 =816.15

816.15 X 51.1 / 86

Answer: We can use the combined gas law to solve this problem:

(P₁V₁/T₁) = (P₂V₂/T₂)

where P is pressure, V is volume, and T is temperature in Kelvin.

We know that P₁ = P₂ (the pressure is assumed to be constant), and we are given V₁, T₁, and V₂. We can solve for T₂:

(P₁V₁/T₁) = (P₂V₂/T₂)

T₂ = (P₂V₂/T₁) * (T₁/P₁V₁)

We need to convert the initial temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:

T₁ = 543 + 273 = 816 K

Substituting the values:

T₂ = (1 atm * 86 mL / 816 K) * (51.1 mL / 1 atm * 86 mL)

T₂ = 0.0629 * 51.1 * 1000 = 3217 K

Therefore, the marshmallow would need to be heated to a temperature of 3217 K for its volume to change from 86 mL to 51.1 mL.

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a) The independent variable was the surface area of the limestone (large chips, small chips, and powder).

b) The dependent variable was the rate of the reaction, measured in cm³ of carbon dioxide produced per second.

c) i) Four variables that must be controlled are:

ii) These variables must be controlled to ensure that the only variable affecting the reaction rate is the surface area of the limestone.

The relationship between surface area and the rate of a reaction is that the rate of a reaction increases as the surface area of the reactants increases.

The missing rates can be calculated using the formula:

Rate = Volume of carbon dioxide produced ÷ Time taken to produce it

Size of limestone Time taken (s) Volume of carbon dioxide produced (cm³) Rate (cm³/s)

Large chips 150 50 0.33

Small chips 110 50 0.45

Powder 15 50 3.33

e) The powder had the biggest surface area.

f) The time taken for the reaction to occur decreases as the surface area of the limestone increases.

g) The reaction rate increases as the surface area of the limestone increases.

h) Changing the surface area of the limestone increases the frequency of collisions between the reactant particles (limestone and hydrochloric acid). This increase in the frequency of collisions results in an increase in the reaction rate.

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Answer:

The electrolysis of MgS by melt electrolysis involves the use of a molten salt as the electrolyte. The cathode and anode processes and the overall electrolysis equation are as follows:

Cathode: Mg2+(l) + 2e- → Mg(l)

Anode: S2-(l) → S(g) + 2e-

Overall: MgS(l) → Mg(l) + S(g)

At the cathode, magnesium ions (Mg2+) are reduced to magnesium metal (Mg) by gaining two electrons (2e-) from the cathode. This process occurs due to the higher reduction potential of Mg2+ compared to S2-.

At the anode, sulfide ions (S2-) are oxidized to sulfur gas (S) and electrons (e-) by losing two electrons. This process occurs due to the higher oxidation potential of S2- compared to Mg2+.

The overall electrolysis equation shows that magnesium sulfide (MgS) is broken down into magnesium metal (Mg) and sulfur gas (S) by the application of an electric current.

It's worth noting that molten salt electrolysis is commonly used for the production of metals such as aluminum and magnesium, as it allows for the separation of the metal from its ore in a relatively efficient manner. However, the high temperatures required for melt electrolysis mean that it can be an energy-intensive process.