The element that is able to gain electrons and form an ionic bond is Iodine.
What is an ionic bond?The term ionic bond has to do with the kind of bond that is formed between a metal and a non metal. In this type of bond, there is a transfer of electrons from the metal to the non metal. s such the metal would become positively charged while the non metal would become negatively charged as we can see in the crystal of the ionic compound.
We just have to look at the string of elements that we have been given because, this is how we can be able to make a decision about which of the elements would be able to gain an electron. While doing this, we must keep in kind that it is only the non metal that are able to gain electron within the context of forming an ionic bond.
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Missing parts;
Based on its electron configuration which element will most likely gain electrons from another element when forming an ionic compound? Potassium , Vanadium, Iodine, Xenon
Which of the following is not a factor that affects temperature?
Longitude
Altitude
Ocean currents
Latitude
Which polymer are synthetic
Answer:
Examples of synthetic polymers include nylon, polyethylene, polyester, Teflon, and epoxy.
in the laboratory, a student dilutes 12.4 ml of a 10.1 m hydrochloric acid solution to a total volume of 125.0 ml. what is the concentration of the diluted solution? concentration
The concentration on diluting the solution by student is 1 M.
The concentration and volume are related to each other as - [tex] M_{1}[/tex] [tex] V_{1}[/tex] = [tex] M_{2}[/tex] [tex] V_{2}[/tex], where [tex] M_{1}[/tex] and [tex] M_{2}[/tex] are initial and final molarity and [tex] V_{1}[/tex] and [tex] V_{2}[/tex] are initial and final volume.
[tex] M_{1}[/tex] is 10.1 M, [tex] V_{1}[/tex] is 12.4 milliliters, [tex] M_{2}[/tex] is to be calculated and [tex] V_{2}[/tex] is 125 milliliters.
Keep the values in formula to find the value of [tex] M_{2}[/tex].
10.1×12.4 = [tex] M_{2}[/tex]×125
[tex] M_{2}[/tex] = 125.24 ÷ 125
Performing division on Right Hand Side of the equation
[tex] M_{2}[/tex] = 1.00192 M or 1 M.
Thus, the concentration of diluted solution is 1 M.
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How do you determine how many significant figures to report in an addition or subtraction
problem?
Answer:
For addition and subtraction use the following rules:
1. Count the number of significant figures in the decimal portion ONLY of each number in the problem
2. Add or subtract in the normal fashion
3. Your final answer may have no more significant figures to the right of the decimal than the LEAST number of significant figures in any number in the problem.
Explanation:
Select a full set of quantum numbers for the following.
(a) the outermost electron in an K atom
n = 4; l = 0; ml = 0; ms = +1/2
n = 3; l = 1; ml = 1; ms = −1/2
n = 4; l = 1; ml = −1; ms = +1/2
n = 5; l = 0; ml = 0; ms = −1/2
(b) the electron gained when a Br atom becomes a Br − ion
n = 3; l = 2; ml = −1; ms = +1/2
n = 4; l = 2; ml = 2; ms = +1/2
n = 5; l = 1; ml = 0; ms = −1/2
n = 4; l = 1; ml = 1; ms = −1/2
(c) the electron lost when a Fr atom ionizes
n = 7; l = 0; ml = 1; ms = −1/2
n = 6; l = 1; ml = −1; ms = +1/2
n = 6; l = 1; ml = 0; ms = −1/2
n = 7; l = 0; ml = 0; ms = +1/2
(d) the highest energy electron in the ground-state C atom
n = 2; l = 1; ml = 0; ms = +1/2
n = 1; l = 0; ml = 0; ms = −1/2
n = 3; l = 2; ml = 1; ms = +1/2
n = 2; l = 2; ml = −1; ms = −1/2
(a) The full set of Quantum Numbers are n=4, l=0, ml=0, ms=+1/2
(b) The full set of Quantum numbers are ; n=4 , l= 1, ml= 1, ms= -1/2
(c) The full set of Quantum Numbers are n = 7; l = 0; ml = 0; ms = +1/2
(d) The full set of Quantum Numbers are n = 2; l = 1; ml = 0; ms = +1/2
Quantum Numbers is a set of numbers used to describe the position and energy of the electron in an atom. There are four quantum numbers namely, principal (n) , azimuthal(l), magnetic (ml) and spin quantum numbers (ms) .
(a) Potassium has atomic no Z=19
Electronic configuration of potassium= 1s² 2s²2p⁶ 3s² 4s¹
Outermost electron = 4s¹
n= 4 , l=0 since the outermost electron is in s orbital
and ml can change from -l to +l but if l= 0 because it is an s-orbital then ml must be zero too; m=0
ms can be either +1/2 or -1/2 depending on yhe spin of electron, it does not matter in this case. So, ms= =1/2
The full set of Quantum Numbers are n=4, l=0, ml=0, ms=+1/
(b) Bromine has atomic number Z= 35 and Br⁻ has atomic number= 36
Electronic configuration for bromine when an electron is gained
= (Ar) 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶
The electron the bromine atom gains to form bromide makes bromide have the same electronic configuration as the neon gas krypton. Krypton's electron configuration ends in 4p⁶. . The 4 is the n-value and the l-value is 1, which is a p-orbital. Since the p-orbital is filled, the last subshell ml is filled and it has a value of +1. The last electron filled in an orbital always has an ms = -1/2
The full set of quantum numbers are; n=4 , l= 1, ml= 1, ms= -1/2
(c) Fr has an atomic number = 87 ( Rn)7s¹
Electronic configuration for an electron lost in Fr atom= 1s² 2s²2p⁶ 3s²3p⁶ 3d¹⁰4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p⁶ 4f¹
Therefore, for lost electron the outermost electron is in 7s⁰ shell.
n= 7, l=0 as the outermost electron is in s orbital and therfore ml= 0 ans ms= +1/2
Full set of quantum numbers are n = 7; l = 0; ml = 0; ms = +1/2
(d) carbon has atomic number Z=6
Electronic configuration = 1s² 2s² 2p²
In the ground state highest energy principal quantum no n=2
l= 1 as electron is in p orbital , ml=0 and ms= +1/2
full set of quantum numbers are= n = 2; l = 1; ml = 0; ms = +1/2
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pyrazole has two nitrogens (labeled 1 and 2). which of the nitrogens will react first with an acid? explain your answer and support it with any relevant structures.
To solve this questions we need to know the heterocyclic compounds and little bit about resonance. Therefore the nitrogen which is labelled 2 will react first with acid.
What is heterocyclic compound?Heterocyclic compounds are those cyclic organic compounds that contains hetero atoms in place of carbon like N,S and O.
Pyrazole contains has structure just like pyrrole the Nitrogen which is labelled 1 that is NH act like nitrogen of pyrrole and the nitrogen that is labelled as 2 act like nitrogen of pyridine.
The electron of NH is involved in resonance, it is not free to give its electron to hydrogen ion from acid. So the nitrogen which is like nitrogen of pyridine will take hydrogen ion from acid first.
Therefore the nitrogen which is labelled 2 will react first with acid.
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A waste management specialist for a city is designing a recycling program to reduce the amount of synthetic materials that enter the local landfill. Which of the following criteria would be best for the specialist's design? A. to make it easy for the residents of the city to recycle synthetic materials B. to keep anything made of natural materials from entering the landfill C. to make residents travel a long distance to recycle synthetic materials D. to keep residents from using anything made of synthetic materials
Option A would be the right recycling program to reduce the number of synthetic materials that enter the local landfill. Hence option A would be the suitable criteria for the specialist's design.
Option A is correct because, with the providence of the knowledge to recycle synthetic materials, there will be less waste accumulation. Hence most synthetic materials can be expected to be recycled.
Option B is wrong because restricting natural materials from entering the field will further increase the use of synthetic materials. Hence there will be more accumulation of waste.
Option C is wrong because making the residents travel long distances will be tiresome, and the outcome of disposing of them will be little.
Option D is wrong because synthetic materials are valuable in various manufacturing and widely used in our daily lives. Hence we will lose the potential benefits.
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If a silver ion has 47 protons and 46 electrons, what is the overall charge on the ion?
A) 0
B) +1
C) -1
Which form of energy can be connected closely to climate change?
a) coal
b) wind
c) hydroelectric
d) solar
Answer:
coal
Explanation:
An atom with 12 electrons and 11 protons is what kind of atom?
A: an anion
B: an cation
C: an isotope
D: a neutral atom
Answer: It's an Anion
Explanation: It has gained 1 extra electron and so the atom is now a negatively charged ion called an Anion.
A chemical element is uniquely defined by its atoms, which are tiny pieces of matter.
An atom with 12 electrons and 11 protons is an anion.
What is meant by an atom?The smallest component of ordinary matter that makes up a chemical element is an atom. Atoms that are neutral or ionized make up every solid, liquid, gas, and form of plasma. Atoms are incredibly tiny, measuring typically 100 picometers across.
A chemical element is uniquely defined by its atoms, which are tiny pieces of matter. An atom is made up of a central nucleus and one or more negatively charged electrons that orbit it. The positively charged, relatively heavy protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus may be present.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A: an anion.
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How does the conductivity of metalloids compare to the conductivity of metals and nonmetals?
Metalloids conduct electricity better than metals, but not as well as nonmetals.
Metals, metalloids, and nonmetals all have the same level of conductivity.
Metalloids conduct electricity better than nonmetals, but not as well as metals.
Metalloids cannot conduct electricity.
The conductivity of metalloids can be compared to the conductivity of metals and nonmetals because metalloids conduct electricity better than nonmetals, but not as well as metals (Option C).
What are metalloids?The expression metalloids is a term used to denote chemical elements that have features resembling metals such as an acceptable electrical conductivity, but they are not metals (e.g. boron, germanium, antimony, arsenic, polonium, etc).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that metalloids are similar to metals in electrical conductivity but they are not metals because they do not fit all properties of metals.
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Explain the effect of an enzyme on activation energy of a reaction.
Answer:
Enzymes act as catalysts, accelerating the chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. Activation energy is the energy needed for the particles to react. Enzymes come out of the reaction unchanged.
Explanation:
Pls help!
Many thanks
The shortest covalent bond is the H-F bond. Therefore, option (A) is correct.
What is the bond length order of hydrogen halides?The electronegativity decreases down the group and the Fluorine is the most electronegative atom in the periodic table. The size of the atoms also increases as we go down the group.
The bond length of the hydrogen halides will follow the order HF < HCl < HBr < HI. The radius of the Iodine atom is the largest and to form a molecule, the hydrogen atom will be farthest as compared to all hydrogen halides.
The molecule with Fluorine will have the shortest bond length because its atom has the smallest size, making them attach very closely. So the covalent bond of hydrogen fluoride will be the shortest.
The relationship between bond length and bond strength is inverse in nature. The bond length of HI is the greatest, it will have the least bond strength. So the order for bond strength of the hydrogen halides is HF > HCl > HBr > HI.
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Calculate the % Composition of the following compounds, remember that the decimal has to move 2 places at the end. (NH4)2CO3
The percent composition of (NH₄)₂CO₃ is 99.999 % ≈ 100 %.
To calculate percent composition of the elements in a compound,
the molar mass of element is divided by the molar mass of the compound and then, it is multiplied by 100.
We know that,
Molar mass of (NH₄)₂CO₃ is 96.086 g/mol.
Molar mass of each element of compound is-
Nitrogen = 2 × 14.007 g/mol = 28.014 g/mol
Hydrogen = 8 × 1.008 g/mol = 8.064 g/mol
Carbon = 1 × 12.011 g/mol = 12.011 g/mol
Oxygen = 3 × 15.999 g/mol = 47.997 g/mol
Now,
We will calculate the percent composition -
% composition of nitrogen = 28.014 g/mol × 100 = 29.155%
96.086 g/mol
% composition of hydrogen = 8.064 g/mol × 100 = 8.392%
96.086 g/mol
% composition of carbon = 12.011 g/mol × 100 = 12.500%
96.086 g/mol
% composition of oxygen = 47.997 g/mol × 100 = 49.952 %
96.086 g/mol
We will add the percentage to calculate % composition of (NH₄)₂CO₃ -
29.155 % + 8.392 % + 12.500 % + 49.952 % = 99.999% ≈ 100 %
Therefore, % composition is 99.999 % ≈ 100 %
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if the rate of reaction increases by a factor of 9.6 when the concentration of reactant increases by a factor of 3.1, what is the order of the reaction with respect to this reactant?
If the rate of reaction increases by a factor of 9.6 when the concentration of reactant increases by a factor of 3.1 then order of the reaction with respect to this reactant is 1/3
Rate of reaction is the speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds
Here given data is
Rate of reaction = 9.6
Concentration of reactant = 3.1
We have to calculate order of the reaction = ?
So we can write
R = K[C]ⁿ
Where R is the reaction rate and K is a constant
Here C is the concentration of the reactant
rate of reaction increases by a factor of 9.6 when the concentration of reactant increases by a factor of 3.1 then
9.6 = K× [3.1]ⁿ
Dividing this equation we get
1/9.6 = 1/3.1ⁿ
3n = 1
n = 1/3
Then the order of the reaction with respect to this reactant is 1/3
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If a piston affecting 0.5 m² with 5 N force, what is the pressure put by the piston on the air inside?
Answer:
20
Explanation:
Pressure = Force / Area of Piston
0.5x0.5=0.25
5/0.25=20
----------------------------------------------------
If that answer doesn't work then try not squaring the 0.5
5/0.5=10
What reaction is used to remove one phosphate group from ATP?A. hydrolysis reactionB. redox reactionC. combustion reactionD. neutralization reaction
Answer:
A. hydrolysis reaction.
Explanation:
Chemical Reactions.
First, let's review each concept of the group of answer choices:
- hydrolysis: is a reaction in which the net reaction is an organic compound reacting with water to give either two molar equivalents of a single product or more than one product.
- redox: is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.
- combustion: is a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and heat.
- neutralization: is a reaction that occurs when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt and involves the combination of H+ ions and OH- ions to generate water.
The problem is asking for the reaction that removes a phosphate group from ATP, so let's see the structure of ATP with one phosphate group:
What is enclosed in the red box is the phosphate group.
The reaction that removes this phosphate group represents a rupture of the structure and based on the logic of the definitions of the given concepts, the answer would be that the reaction to remove one phosphate group from ATP is A. hydrolysis reaction. This reaction looks like this:
ATP + water (H2O) -> ADP + Pi,
where ADP is the same molecule of ATP but it has two phosphate groups and Pi is the phosphate group removed.
What physical property is characteristic of all of the elements in the group located in Family VIIIA of the periodic table?
All of the elements in the group located in Family VIIIA of the periodic table are highly unreactive.
The elements of Family VIIIA are also known as noble gas elements. Noble gases are low chemically reactive, odorless, colorless, nonflammable, and monotonic gases.
These elements have very little ability to gain or lose electrons to form ions or share electrons with other elements in covalent bonds because they contain a full octet of eight valence electrons in their highest-energy orbitals (ns2np6). That is why they are exceedingly stable and unlikely to form chemical connections.
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A rectangular piece of fabric with a length of 1.20 meters and a width of 0.85 meters must be divided into twelve, equal sized units for forensic sampling purposes. What are the dimensions of the twelve smaller portions?
The dimensions of the twelve smaller portions of the rectangular piece of fabric will be:
length = 0.1 mwidth = 0.85 mWhat will be the dimensions of the twelve smaller portions of the rectangular piece of fabric?The dimensions of the twelve smaller portions of the rectangular piece of fabric will be determined below as follows:
Dimension of the original piece of fabric is given as;
length = 1.20 meters and
width = 0.85 meters
The number of divisions of the fabric will be 12 equal parts
The multiples of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
Using the multiples to determine the dimensions of the twelve smaller portions:
12 and 1
Length = 1.2 / 12 = 0.1 m
width = 0.85 / 1 = 0.85 m
6 and 2
Length = 1.2 / 6 = 0.2 m
width = 0.85 / 2 = 0.425 m
4 and 3
Length = 1.2 / 4 = 0.3 m
width = 0.85 / 3 = 0.283 m
Therefore, the multiples 12 and 1 are the best match.
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The atomic number of aluminum is 13. What is the correct designation of the electron configuration of aluminum?.
Answer:
Its 1s22s22p63s23p1 ik it looks a lil goofy but i think its right
Explanation:
How many grams of Cu are obtained by passing a current of 12 A through a solution of CuSO4 for 30 minutes?
The quantity of Cu deposited at the cathode will be 7.117 grams.
Given,
Current (in Amperes) = 12 A
This will be equal to 12 C/s (in coulombs per second).
Therefore the total charge in 30 minutes will be:
Q = 12C/s × 30 min × 60 seconds/minute
=> Q = 21600 C
Now, the number of moles of copper which are plated out (n) will be :
n = Q / z·F
In the half-cell reaction,
the number of electrons ( for Cu ) will be = 2 (Cu 2+)
F, the Faraday's constant = 96,485 per mole
We have already discussed that,
n = Q / z.F
=> n = 21600 / (2×96485)
=> n = 0.112 mol
So, 0.112 mol of Cu will be equal to:
0.112×63.546 = 7.117 g
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phosphoric acid, h3po4(aq), is a triprotic acid, meaning that one molecule of the acid has three acidic protons. estimate the ph and the concentrations of all species in a 0.400 m phosphoric acid solution.
This implies that pH is 1.3566.
[H2PO4-] is same as [H+] and [H3PO4] = 0.4 - 4.4 * 10^-2 = 0.356.
What is pH?
Acids and bases can be measured using a pH scale. The scale has a range of 0 to 14. An indicator called Litmus paper is used to determine whether a substance is an acid or a base. The type of substance being tested is indicated by the colour of the paper, which corresponds to the pH scale's numbers. For instance, vinegar is an acid and has a pH of 2.4. Doctors and scientists typically concur that maintaining a healthy pH balance is important for your overall health. Your diet and beverage choices have an impact on your body's pH level and potential hydrogen content. The concentration of hydrogen ions is measured by pH. On a pH scale, this calculation is based.
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11) A sample of gas has a volume of 823.7 mL and a pressure of 351.8 torr. What volume (in mL) will the gas occupy at 752.9 torr if the temperature of the gas doesn't change? Keep the answer with one decimal place
Answer:
384.9 mL.
Explanation:
What is given?
Volume 1 (V1) = 823.7 mL.
Pressure 1 (P1) = 351.8 torr.
Pressure 2 (P2) = 752.9 torr.
What do we need? Volume 2 (V2).
Step-by-step solution:
This is a Boyle's Law problem. Boyle's law states that the volume of a given mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure when the temperature is kept constant. An inverse relationship is described in this way. As one variable increases in value, the other variable decreases.
The formula of the law is:
[tex]P_1V_1=P_2V_2.[/tex]Where P is pressure and V is volume. We want to find volume 2, 'V2'. So let's solve for 'V2' and replace the given data that we have in the new formula:
[tex]V_2=\frac{P_1V_1}{P_2}=\frac{351.8\text{ torr}\cdot823.7\text{ mL}}{752.9\text{ torr}}=384.882\text{ mL}\approx384.9\text{ mL.}[/tex]The new volumewill be 3384.9 mL You can note as the pressure is increasing, the volume is decreasing.
HElp me please!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
If a student wants to demonstrate the size of a magnetic field to a friend, an activity which the student should perform is to: sprinkle iron filings around the magnet, and observe the pattern in which the iron filings arrange themselves.
What is the law of magnetism?The law of magnetism states that the like poles of a magnet would repel one another while unlike (different) poles would generally attract each other.
This ultimately implies that, two north (N) poles of a magnet would repel one another while a north (N) and south (S) would attract each other.
Based on the law of magnetism, we can reasonably infer and logically deduce that this student should sprinkle iron filings around a magnet, and then observe the pattern in which these iron filings would be arranged the length of the magnet.
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Complete Question:
A student wants to demonstrate the size of a magnetic field to a friend. Which activity should the student perform?
answer choices
Suspend a magnet freely using a thread, and compare its alignment with a compass.
Cut a magnet in half, and bring the halves together to show they attract each other.
Sprinkle iron filings around the magnet, and observe the pattern in which the iron filings arrange themselves.
Rub an iron bar with a magnet, and bring the bar close to the magnet to show that they attract each other.
The table gets its shape from the of the atoms
O properties
O odor
O color
O size
what is the molarity of a solution that contains 53.0 g of vitamin b1 hydrochloride (with a molar mass of 337 g/mol ) in 220. ml of solution? express the concentration in molarity.
The molarity of the Vitamin B1 Hydrochloride solution is 0.71M.
We know,
Molarity of a solution is defined as the ratio of the moles of the solute with respect to the volume of the solution in liters.
We know,
Moles = mass of solute dissolved/Molar mass of solute
Given mass of solute is dissolved is 53 grams.
Molar mass of Vitamin B1 Hydrochloride is 337 grams/mol
Moles of Vitamin B1 hydrochloride = 53/337
The volume of the solution is 220 ml.
We know,
1 ml = 1/1000 litres
220 ml = 220/1000 litres
So, putting all the values in the formula of molarity,
Molarity of solution = (53/337)/(220/1000)
Molarity of solution = 0.71
So, the concentration of the Vitamin B1 Hydrochloride is 0.71M.
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The diagram shows an example of convection.
A picture of a clear pot of boiling water on a stove. There is an arrow pointing at the flame.
Which label belongs on the arrow?
From the diagram showing an example of convection, the label that belongs on the arrow is cooler water sinks while hotter water rises.
What are convection currents?Convection currents are currents that are set up by particles of a substance that transfer heat by the process of convection.
Convection is a form of heat transfer in which the particle of the substance transferring heat move from one point to another transferring heat as they move.
Convection is one of the three processes of heat transfer. The two other processes of heat transfer are conduction and radiation.
In the diagram shown, the heat transfer process show is convection.
The heat supplied by the flame is transferred from the bottom of the pot to the top by the movement of the water molecules. Heated water molecules move up while cold water molecules move down to replace them, thus, setting up a convection current.
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does a 700 nm photon have more or less energy than a 400 nm photon? more less correct: your answer is correct. by what factor more (or less)? enter your answer as e700 nm e400 nm . e700 nm e400 nm
It is the 400 nm photon that has the greater energy by a factor of 1.77.
What is the wavelength?We know that the wavelength has to do with the horizontal distance that is covered by a wave. We know that the longer the distance that is covered then the weaker the wave. In other words, the wavelength of the wave is inversely proportional to the to the energy of the wave. The greater the wavelength, the lesser the energy.
Let us now find the energy of each of the wavelengths;
E = hc/λ
E = energy of the light
h = Plank's constant
c = speed of light
λ = wavelength
For the 700 nm photon;
E = 6.6 * 10^-34 * 3 * 10^8/ 700 * 10^-9
E = 2.8 * 10^-19 J
For the 400 nm photon;
E = 6.6 * 10^-34 * 3 * 10^8/ 400 * 10^-9
E= 4.95 * 10^-19 J
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during a fermentation experiment in lab, two different samples of grape juice have been inoculated with yeast. air has been evacuated from sample i, but not from sample ii. in which sample would you predict to the greater alcohol production?
Sample 1 is you predict greater alcohol production.
The electron transport chain produces the majority of ATP from all three major phases of cellular respiration. Metabolism is the chemical reaction within the body's cells that convert food into energy. Our bodies need this energy to do everything from moving to thinking to growing. Certain proteins in the body control metabolic chemical reactions.
The compound that produces the most ATP when fully oxidized is glucose. Glycolysis and aerobic oxidation of glucose by the TCA cycle generate 32 ATP. However, the acetyl-CoA molecule can not enter glycolysis. Cellular respiration that occurs without oxygen is anaerobic respiration. Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is aerobic respiration.
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it has been found that ddt in the soil decomposes by a first-order reaction with a half-life of 12.0 years. how long would it take ddt in a soil sample to decompose from a concentration of 195 ppbm (parts per billion by mass) to 15 ppbm?
The ddt in the soil with half-life of 12 years needs 44.4 years to decompose.
We need to know about the half-life of the radioactive elements to solve this problem. The radioactive element will decay over time and follow the equation
N = No(1/2)^(t/t'')
where N is the final quantity, No is the initial quantity, λ is the decaying constant, t is time and t'' is the half-life of a radioactive element.
From the question above, we know that
t'' = 12 yr
N = 15 ppbm
No = 195
By substituting the given parameter, we can calculate the required for decomposing
N = No(1/2)^(t/t'')
15 = 195(1/2)^(t/12)
1/13 = (0.5) ^ (t/12)
t/12 = ⁰'⁵log(1/13)
t/12 = 3.7
t = 44.4 years
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