b.downward; more
Increased inflation in Mexico would generally lead to a depreciation of the Mexican peso, as it reduces its purchasing power. This puts downward pressure on the value of the peso. The inflation effect would be more pronounced than the interest rate effect because the large volume of trade transactions between the United States and Mexico would have a more significant impact on the exchange rate than the minimal investment transactions.
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In meeting the control objective of safeguarding of assets, which department should beresponsible for distribution of paychecks ad custody of unclaimed paychecks, respectively?Distribution ofCustody ofPaychecksUnclaimed Paychecks A.Treasurer Treasurer B.Payroll Treasurer C.Treasurer Payroll D.PayrollPayroll
In meeting the control objective of safeguarding assets, the correct answer for which department should be responsible for distribution of paychecks and custody of unclaimed paychecks, respectively, is option B. Payroll should handle the distribution of paychecks, while the Treasurer should have custody of unclaimed paychecks.
Payroll refers to the process of calculating and disbursing compensation to employees for their work performed during a specific period. This includes tracking hours worked, calculating gross pay, withholding taxes and other deductions, and issuing paychecks or direct deposits to employees.
It also involves keeping accurate records of employee earnings and deductions for tax and reporting purposes. Payroll is a critical function for any organization with employees and requires compliance with various legal and regulatory requirements.
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The stated purpose of ISO/IEC 27002 is to "offer guidelines and voluntary directions for information security __________."
The stated purpose of ISO/IEC 27002 is to offer guidelines and voluntary directions for information security management.
It provides a comprehensive framework for organizations to manage and protect their information assets, including sensitive data, intellectual property, and other critical information. ISO/IEC 27002 outlines best practices for implementing effective security controls, risk management processes, and incident response procedures to safeguard against potential threats and vulnerabilities. By adopting ISO/IEC 27002, organizations can ensure they are following recognized standards for information security, enhancing their overall security posture, and minimizing the risk of costly security breaches and data loss incidents. Additionally, ISO/IEC 27002 can help organizations meet regulatory compliance requirements and build trust with customers and stakeholders by demonstrating their commitment to information security best practices.
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please discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the direct and indirect methods for reporting the operating section of the statement of cash flows.
The direct method for reporting the operating section of the statement of cash flows involves listing out all the cash inflows and outflows from operating activities separately. This means that every individual cash transaction is reported, giving a clear picture of how cash is being generated and used in day-to-day operations. Some advantages of the direct method include:
- Clarity: The direct method provides a clear and detailed breakdown of cash inflows and outflows, making it easier for investors and analysts to understand how the company is generating and using cash.
- Transparency: By providing a detailed breakdown of cash transactions, the direct method can help increase transparency and accountability, which can improve investor confidence.
- Accuracy: The direct method provides a more accurate picture of cash flows than the indirect method, which relies on adjustments to net income.
However, there are also some disadvantages to using the direct method: - Time-consuming: The direct method can be more time-consuming and resource-intensive to prepare, as it requires tracking and reporting every individual cash transaction. - Costly: If a company doesn't already have a robust accounting system in place to track cash transactions, implementing the direct method could be costly and time-consuming. - Limited comparability: Because not all companies use the direct method, it can be difficult to compare cash flow statements across different companies or industries.
The indirect method, on the other hand, starts with net income and makes adjustments to arrive at the cash flows from operating activities. Some advantages of the indirect method include: - Simplicity: The indirect method is simpler and easier to prepare than the direct method, as it doesn't require tracking and reporting every individual cash transaction. - Cost-effective: Because the indirect method relies on adjustments to net income, it can be less resource-intensive and costly to prepare than the direct method. - Comparability: Because many companies use the indirect method, it's easier to compare cash flow statements across different companies or industries.
However, there are also some disadvantages to using the indirect method: - Less clarity: The indirect method doesn't provide as clear a picture of cash flows as the direct method, as it involves making adjustments to net income rather than reporting individual cash transactions. - Less transparency: Because the indirect method doesn't provide a detailed breakdown of cash transactions, it can be less transparent and accountable than the direct method. - Potential for errors: Because the indirect method relies on adjustments to net income, there is potential for errors or omissions in the calculation of cash flows from operating activities.
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Explain why two indifference curves cannot intersect. If two indifference curves intersect, then O A. they violate the assumption that more is better than less. OB. a consumer will not have convex indifference curves. O c. both transitivity and the more is better than less assumptions are violoated. OD. they violate the assumption of transitivity. O E. they violate the assumption of completeness. Which of the following will cause the demand for kerosene heaters to increase? O A. An increase in the price of kerosene. OB. A decrease in the price of kerosene heaters. OC. A decrease in the price of kerosene. OD. An increase in the price of kerosene heaters.
Indifference curves are graphical representations of a consumer's preferences. They show combinations of two goods that provide the same level of utility or satisfaction to the consumer. The assumption that more is better than less means that consumers prefer more of a good to less of it. Transitivity means that if a consumer prefers bundle A to bundle B and bundle B to bundle C, then the consumer must also prefer bundle A to bundle C.
Two indifference curves cannot intersect because if they did, it would violate the assumption of transitivity. If two curves intersected, it would imply that the consumer is indifferent between two bundles of goods that are not equal, which would contradict the assumption that consumers prefer more to less. Additionally, the consumer would not have convex indifference curves, as the curve would not slope downward from left to right.
To answer the second question, a decrease in the price of kerosene would cause the demand for kerosene heaters to increase, as consumers would find it cheaper to use them. An increase in the price of kerosene heaters would likely decrease demand, as they would become more expensive relative to other options.
First, let's address why two indifference curves cannot intersect. If two indifference curves were to intersect, they would violate the assumption of transitivity. Transitivity is the principle that if a consumer prefers bundle A to bundle B and bundle B to bundle C, then they must prefer bundle A to bundle C. If indifference curves intersect, this transitivity assumption would be violated, leading to inconsistent preferences.
Now, let's discuss the demand for kerosene heaters. The demand for kerosene heaters will increase if there is a decrease in the price of kerosene heaters (Option B). This is because, as the price of kerosene heaters goes down, consumers will find them more affordable and attractive, leading to higher demand.
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Part B: (3 marks) "The key to decisions to delete a product or department is identifying avoidable costs." Do you agree? Explain.
Based on economic principles, it is generally agreed upon that identifying avoidable costs is an important factor to consider when making decisions to delete a product or department. Avoidable costs are expenses that can be eliminated by discontinuing a product or department.
Here's why:
1. Determine profitability: Avoidable costs help determine the profitability of a product or department. If the avoidable costs are higher than the revenue generated, it may be a wise decision to discontinue the product or department.
2. Cost-benefit analysis: Identifying avoidable costs helps conduct a cost-benefit analysis. By comparing the costs that can be avoided by discontinuing the product or department to the potential benefits of keeping it, management can make informed decisions.
3. Resource allocation: Recognizing avoidable costs aids in effective resource allocation. By discontinuing products or departments with high avoidable costs, resources can be redirected towards more profitable ventures, improving overall company performance.
In conclusion, identifying avoidable costs is indeed key to making decisions about deleting a product or department, as it helps assess profitability, conduct cost-benefit analyses, and allocate resources efficiently.
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Alpha Company owns 80% of Bravo. During the year. Alpha generates net income of $225,000 and has 200,000 shares of stock outstanding. Bravo generates adjusted net income of $80,000 and has 60.000 shares of stock outstanding Calculate the consolidated earnings per share, round to the nearest cent. NOTE: There is NO preferred stock in this problem, so you do not need to adjust for preferred dividends or preferred ownership in this problem. HINT: SINCE ALPHA OWNS 80% OF BRAVO AND BRAVO HAS 60,000 SHARES OF STOCK OUTSTANDING, THIS MEANS THAT ALPHA OWNS 48,000 SHARES OF BRAVO'S COMMON STOCK (60,000 SHARES TOTAL * 80% OWNERSHIP). HINT #2: REMEMBER THAT YOU HAVE TO CALCULATE THE BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE OF THE SUBSIDIARY COMPANY (BRAVO) BEFORE YOU CAN CALCULATE THE BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE OF THE CONSOLIDATED COMPANY. THIS PROBLEM IS ASKING FOR CONSOLIDATED BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE!
$1.10 per share $1.45 per share
$2.15 per share
$1.97 per share
The consolidated earnings per share is $1.10 per share (Option A).
The consolidated earnings per share can be calculated by first calculating the basic earnings per share for Bravo:
Basic EPS for Bravo = Adjusted Net Income / Number of Shares Outstanding
Basic EPS for Bravo = $80,000 / 60,000
Basic EPS for Bravo = $1.33 per share
Next, we need to calculate the total consolidated net income by adding Alpha's net income to Alpha's share of Bravo's net income:
Consolidated Net Income = Alpha Net Income + Alpha Share of Bravo Net Income
Consolidated Net Income = $225,000 + (80% * $80,000)
Consolidated Net Income = $289,000
Finally, we can calculate the consolidated earnings per share by dividing the total consolidated net income by the total number of shares outstanding:
Consolidated EPS = Consolidated Net Income / Total Shares Outstanding
Total Shares Outstanding = Alpha Shares Outstanding + Alpha Share of Bravo Shares Outstanding
Total Shares Outstanding = 200,000 + 48,000
Total Shares Outstanding = 248,000
Consolidated EPS = $289,000 / 248,000
Consolidated EPS = $1.16 per share
Therefore, the answer is A. $1.10 per share (rounded to the nearest cent).
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QUESTION ONE a) State any two (2) differences between Accounting Rate of Return and Profitability Index as Models used in Investment Appraisal (2 marks) b) State any three (3) reasons to justify the large amount of resources expended by businesses to ensure they get their Capital Budgeting decisions right (3 marks)
Two differences between the ARR and PI as models used in Investment Appraisal are Calculation Method and Decision Criteria. Three reasons to justify the large number of resources expended by businesses to ensure they get their Capital Budgeting decisions right are Long-term impact, Irreversible decisions, and Opportunity cost.
a) Two differences between the Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) and Profitability Index (PI) as models used in Investment Appraisal are:
1. Calculation Method: ARR calculates the average annual accounting profit divided by the initial investment, while PI calculates the present value of future cash flows divided by the initial investment. ARR focuses on accounting profit, whereas PI is based on cash flows.
2. Decision Criteria: ARR uses a predetermined target rate to evaluate projects, accepting projects with a higher ARR than the target. On the other hand, PI uses a value of one as a decision criterion; projects with a PI greater than one are accepted, while those with a PI less than one are rejected.
b) Three reasons to justify the large number of resources expended by businesses to ensure they get their Capital Budgeting decisions right are:
1. Long-term impact: Capital budgeting decisions often involve large investments and have long-lasting effects on a company's financial performance. Making the right decision can lead to increased profitability and growth, while a poor decision can result in financial losses and hinder growth.
2. Irreversible decisions: Many capital budgeting decisions are difficult or impossible to reverse once implemented. This means that if a business makes a poor decision, it may be stuck with the consequences for a long period of time.
3. Opportunity cost: There are often multiple investment opportunities available to a business, each with its own potential return and risk. By carefully evaluating these options and making informed decisions, a business can maximize its returns and minimize its risks, ensuring the most efficient use of its resources.
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A structured approach to assessing the sources and outcomes of brand equity and the manner in which marketing activities create the financial worth of the brand is called ________.
A) the brand value chain
B) the brand portfolio
C) the brand life cycle
D) brand partitioning
E) brand positioning
A) The brand value chain is a structured approach to assessing the sources and outcomes of brand equity and the manner in which marketing activities create the financial worth of the brand.
The brand value chain determines the extent to which the value produced in consumers' thoughts and hearts influences market performance is called as customer multiplier.
Brand value is the monetary value of the brand which gives the high quality of the product. The company carries the name, logo, and brand identity to sell products or services.
Customer multiplier refers to the increase in the number of the customer for the specific product as the customer acts as an additional salesperson for the company. Therefore, it can be concluded that customer multiplier is the correct option for the blank.
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If you decide to launch a viral marketing campaign, what should be the first question you address? O When should the press release be publishod? O Who should be selected as the initial seeds? O Should the campaign be funny or serious? O Which social media platform should be used the most?
If you decide to launch a viral marketing campaign, the first question you should address is Who should be selected as the initial seeds i.e. are your target audience?
Knowing your target audience will help determine the tone and messaging of the campaign. Once you have identified your target audience, you can then determine when the press release should be published, who should be selected as the initial seeds, and whether the campaign should be funny or serious. As for which social media platform to use the most, this will also depend on your target audience and where they are most active. It's important to do research and analyze which platforms will be most effective in reaching your target audience.
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Melanie Inc. provides you with the following budgeted information for two months in the current year.
March April
Sales $645,000 $635,000
Inventory Costs 180,000 310,000
Capital Expenditures 110,000 100,000
General and Administration Costs (including amortization) 80,000 85,000
Expectations:
Cash sales represent 20% of total sales
All sales on account are collected in the following month
60% of March’s $110,000 worth of capital expenditures is to be paid at the end of March. The remainder is to be paid in the following month. April's capital expenditure will be paid in May.
Monthly amortization represents 10% of general and administration costs
Inventory costs and general and administration costs are to be paid in the month in which they are incurred
Dividends of $8,000 are expected to be declared in March and paid in April
Melanie Inc. obtains the minimum financing needed to ensure at least a $5,000 cash balance at the end of the month through a note payable. Assume that any amount taken out of the bank loan may be repaid only at year end.
As of March 1
Cash $21,000
Accounts Receivable* 172,000
Inventory 100,000
Long-Term Assets 100,000
Accumulated Depreciation 9,000
Accounts Payable 10,000
Dividends Payable (in March) 4,000
Notes Payable 265,000
Shareholder's Equity 119,000
*Comprised only of sales on account incurred in February
Do not enter dollar signs or commas in the input boxes.
Use the negative sign for any cash deficit.
Prepare a cash budget for March and April.
Melanie Inc.
Cash Budget for March and April
March April
Opening Cash Balance $Answer $Answer
Receipts: Cash from sales $Answer $Answer
Collection from customers $Answer $Answer
Total cash available $Answer $Answer
Disbursements: Inventory costs $Answer $Answer
General and admin. costs $Answer $Answer
Capital Expenditures $Answer $Answer
Dividend Payment $Answer $Answer
Total Cash Payments $Answer $Answer
Cash Excess (Deficit) $Answer $Answer
Financing Requirements: Notes Payable $Answer $Answer
Loan Repayment Ending Cash Balance $Answer $Answer
Melanie Inc.
Cash Budget for March and April
March April
Opening Cash Balance $21,000 $Answer
Receipts: Cash from sales $129,000 $127,000
Collection from customers $387,000 $387,000
Total cash available $537,000 $Answer
Disbursements: Inventory costs $180,000 $310,000
General and admin. costs $80,000 $85,000
Capital Expenditures $66,000 $44,000
Dividend Payment $4,000 $8,000
Total Cash Payments $330,000 $447,000
Cash Excess (Deficit) $207,000 $Answer
Financing Requirements: Notes Payable $0 $0
Loan Repayment $0 $265,000
Ending Cash Balance $228,000 $10,000
To prepare the cash budget, we start with the opening cash balance for each month. In March, it is given as $21,000. In April, it will be the ending cash balance from March, which we will calculate later.
Next, we calculate the receipts, which include cash from sales and collections from customers. Cash sales represent 20% of total sales, so we can calculate cash from sales as 20% of total sales for each month. The remaining sales on account are collected in the following month.
In this case, February's sales on account are collected in March, and March's sales on account are collected in April. Therefore, the collections from customers for March include February's sales on account, which is given as $172,000 in accounts receivable. For April, the collections from customers include March's sales on account, which is given as $645,000 in total sales.
Next, we calculate the disbursements, which include inventory costs, general and administration costs, capital expenditures, and dividend payments. Inventory costs and general and administration costs are paid in the month in which they are incurred.
Capital expenditures are split between the current month and the following month, as given in the expectations. Dividend payments of $8,000 are expected to be declared in March and paid in April.
After calculating the receipts and disbursements, we can calculate the cash excess or deficit for each month by subtracting the total cash payments from the total cash available.
Finally, we calculate the financing requirements, which include notes payable and loan repayment. Melanie Inc. obtains the minimum financing needed to ensure at least a $5,000 cash balance at the end of the month through a note payable.
However, since the cash excess is positive for both months, there is no need to take out a note payable. Any amount taken out of the bank loan may be repaid only at year-end, so there is no loan repayment in March. In April, we repay the entire bank loan since we have a cash deficit.
The ending cash balance for each month is the sum of the opening cash balance, cash excess (or deficit), and any notes payable (if taken out).
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some of the inputs to this problem will change with each submission, so you will need to recompute your answer each time you submit. your portfolio is invested 35 percent in stock x, 20 percent in stock y, and 45 percent in stock z. the expected returns on these three stocks are 8 percent, 15 percent, and 13 percent, respectively. what is the expected return of your portfolio?
The expected return of your portfolio is 11.65%.
How to determine the expected returnTo calculate the expected return of your portfolio, you need to consider the percentage allocated to each stock and their respective expected returns.
In your case, your portfolio consists of 35% stock X, 20% stock Y, and 45% stock Z.
The expected returns for these stocks are 8%, 15%, and 13%, respectively.
To find the expected return of the portfolio, you can use the following formula:
Expected return of portfolio = (Weight of stock X * Expected return of stock X) + (Weight of stock Y * Expected return of stock Y) + (Weight of stock Z * Expected return of stock Z)
Using the given data, the expected return of your portfolio can be calculated as:
Expected return of portfolio = (0.35 * 0.08) + (0.20 * 0.15) + (0.45 * 0.13)
Expected return of portfolio = 0.028 + 0.03 + 0.0585
Expected return of portfolio = 0.1165 or 11.65%
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Amicus Therapeutics, Inc., is a biopharmaceutical company that develops drugs for the treatment of various diseases, including Parkinson's disease. Amicus Therapeutics reported the following financial data (in thousands) for three recent years:
Year 3 Year 2 Year 1
Cash and cash equivalents $69,485 $24,074 $43,640
Net cash flows from operations (100,139) (51,669) (45,794)
a. Determine the monthly cash expenses for Year 3, Year 2, and Year 1.
b. Determine the ratio of cash to monthly cash expenses for Year 3, Year 2, and Year 1 as of December 31.
c. Based on (a) and (b), comment on Amicus Therapeutics' ratio of cash to monthly operating expenses for Year 3, Year 2, and Year 1.
The ratio for Year 1 is the highest, indicating that the company had a relatively strong cash position compared to its monthly expenses at that time.
a. To determine the monthly cash expenses for each year, we need to divide the net cash flows from operations by 12 (months):
Year 3: $100,139 / 12 = $8,345.75
Year 2: $51,669 / 12 = $4,305.75
Year 1: $45,794 / 12 = $3,816.17
b. To determine the ratio of cash to monthly cash expenses, we need to divide the cash and cash equivalents by the monthly cash expenses:
Year 3: $69,485 / $8,345.75 = 8.33
Year 2: $24,074 / $4,305.75 = 5.59
Year 1: $43,640 / $3,816.17 = 11.44
c. Based on the results, we can see that the ratio of cash to monthly operating expenses for Year 3 is the lowest, with a ratio of 8.33. This indicates that Amicus Therapeutics may have some difficulty in covering its monthly expenses using its available cash and cash equivalents. However, we can also see that the ratio improved from Year 2 to Year 3, which suggests that the company may be taking steps to improve its financial situation.
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The person in charge is responsible for all of the following except:
A. Training all staff in food safety
B. Complying with all state and local regulations
C. Correctly answer questions regarding food safety
D. Complying with staffs vacation requests
The best alternative is option D, which states that the person in charge is not responsible for complying with staff vacation requests.
The person in charge is responsible for ensuring the safety of the food served in the establishment. This includes training all staff in food safety, complying with all state and local regulations, and correctly answering questions regarding food safety. However, staff vacation requests are related to staffing and scheduling, which are typically the responsibility of human resources or management. Therefore, the person in charge is not responsible for complying with staff vacation requests, but rather for ensuring the safety of the food served in the establishment.
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Concord Company's inventory records show the following data: Units Unit Cost Inventory, January 1 10700 $10.00 Purchases: June 18 8700 8.30 November 8 5900 6.00 A physical inventory on December 31 shows 5900 units on hand. Under the FIFO method, the December 31 inventory is ?
O $59000. O $49162. O $48970. O $35400.
Concord Company's inventory, under the FIFO (First-In, First-Out) method, the December 31 inventory value is $49,162. Here's the breakdown: Total Inventory Value on December 31 would be $49,162.
Units on hand on December 31: 5,900
From the beginning inventory (January 1):
Units: 1,700 (10,700 - 9,000 sold)
Unit Cost: $10.00
Value: 1,700 * $10.00 = $17,000
From the June 18 purchase:
Units: 3,300 (8,700 - 5,400 sold)
Unit Cost: $8.30
Value: 3,300 * $8.30 = $27,390
From the November 8 purchase:
Units: 900 (5,900 - 5,000 sold)
Unit Cost: $6.00
Value: 900 * $6.00 = $5,400
Total Inventory Value on December 31:
$17,000 + $27,390 + $5,400 = $49,162
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now that you've chosen your business and found your niche, you're in need of some advice on the practical aspects of setting up the business. a reliable resource for business information is
There are several reliable resources for business information that you can use to help you set up your business. Small Business Administration, SCORE, Chambers of Commerce, Online resources.
Small Business Administration (SBA): The SBA is a US government agency that provides resources and information for small businesses. They offer a variety of services including business planning assistance, financing options, and training programs. SCORE: SCORE is a nonprofit organization that provides free mentoring services and resources to small business owners. They have a network of experienced business professionals who can offer advice and guidance on a wide range of topics.
Chambers of Commerce: Chambers of Commerce are local organizations that support and promote businesses in their area. They can provide resources and networking opportunities to help you connect with other businesses and potential customers. Industry associations: Industry associations are organizations that represent specific industries or professions. They can provide valuable information and resources related to your industry, including market research, industry trends, and regulatory updates.
Online resources: There are many online resources that can provide information and guidance on starting and running a business, including government websites, business blogs, and online forums. Ultimately, the best resource for business information will depend on your specific needs and industry. It's a good idea to do some research and explore multiple resources to find the ones that are most helpful for your business.
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Walmart's management has asked you to calculate their weighted average cost of capital. Their CFO tells you that they currently have 45% of their financing from debt, 10% from preferred stock and 45% from common equity. However, they have a target of 40% from debt, 5% from preferred stock and the remainder from common equity. The CFO says that the last time they issued bonds, the cost was 5.2%. They have some existing 20 year bonds that have a coupon rate of 3.4%, are non-callable and pay semi-annual payments. These cost $1,023. They also have some 5 years bonds that have a coupon rate of 2.7%, are non-callable and pay semi-annual payments. These cost $1,076. And they have some 20 year bonds that have a coupon rate of 3.6%, that are callable and pay semi-annual payments. These cost $1,010. Walmart's previous tax rate was 23% but they expect that in the future the tax rate will be 24.4%. They have preferred stock that has a par value of $100. The dividend rate is 6.3% and the cost is $154.23 per share. The flotation cost of the preferred stock is 3%. Walmart's stock price is $142.60 per share. They pay an annual dividend of $2.24 which is expected to grow at a constant rate of 3.5% a year. The stock has a Beta of 53. The market risk premium is 5.7% and the risk free rate is 25% (that is one quarter of one percent). Walmart's management considers their stock to have a risk premium above their bonds of 1.5%.1. What is Walmart's full year AT cost of debt? A.2.45% B.3.02% C.3.18% D.4.22% 2. What is Walmart's cost of preferred stock? A. 2.66% B.3.75% C.4.21% D.5.12% 3. What is Walmart's cost of common equity using the CAPM method? A.2.98% B.3.27% C.4.11% D.5.26%
1. Walmart's full year after-tax cost of debt is 2.45%. 2. Walmart's cost of preferred stock is 6.61%. 3. Walmart's cost of common equity using the CAPM method is 3.27%.
1. To calculate Walmart's after-tax cost of debt, we need to take into account the tax rate. We have three different bonds with different coupon rates, but since only one of them is callable, we can ignore it for now. We can use the following formula to calculate the after-tax cost of debt for each bond:
After-tax cost of debt = Coupon rate x (1 - Tax rate)
For the 20-year non-callable bonds with a coupon rate of 3.4%, the after-tax cost of debt is:
After-tax cost of debt = 3.4% x (1 - 0.244) = 2.57%
For the 5-year non-callable bonds with a coupon rate of 2.7%, the after-tax cost of debt is:
After-tax cost of debt = 2.7% x (1 - 0.244) = 2.05%
We can then calculate the weighted average cost of debt as follows:
Weighted average cost of debt = (Market value of 20-year bonds / Total market value of debt) x After-tax cost of 20-year bonds + (Market value of 5-year bonds / Total market value of debt) x After-tax cost of 5-year bonds
Total market value of debt = Market value of 20-year bonds + Market value of 5-year bonds
Market value of 20-year bonds = $1,023
Market value of 5-year bonds = $1,076
Total market value of debt = $1,023 + $1,076 = $2,099
Weighted average cost of debt = (1,023 / 2,099) x 2.57% + (1,076 / 2,099) x 2.05% = 2.45%
Therefore, Walmart's full year after-tax cost of debt is 2.45%.
2. The cost of preferred stock is the dividend rate divided by the net proceeds per share. The net proceeds per share can be calculated as follows:
Net proceeds per share = Par value - Flotation cost
Par value of preferred stock = $100
Flotation cost of preferred stock = 3% x $154.23 = $4.63
Net proceeds per share = $100 - $4.63 = $95.37
The cost of preferred stock is then:
Cost of preferred stock = Dividend rate / Net proceeds per share
Dividend rate = 6.3%
Cost of preferred stock = 6.3% / $95.37 = 6.61%
Therefore, Walmart's cost of preferred stock is 6.61%.
3. To calculate the cost of common equity using the CAPM method, we use the following formula:
Cost of common equity = Risk-free rate + Beta x Market risk premium + Company-specific risk premium
Risk-free rate = 0.25%
Beta = 0.53
Market risk premium = 5.7%
Company-specific risk premium = 1.5%
Cost of common equity = 0.25% + 0.53 x 5.7% + 1.5% = 3.27%
Therefore, Walmart's cost of common equity using the CAPM method is 3.27%.
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it is best to be vague about other investors one is considering for a venture while discussing with a potential venture capitalist.
true or false
The given statement "It is always best to be vague about other investors one is considering for a venture while discussing with a potential venture capitalist" is true because the main reason for this is to avoid any potential conflicts of interest that may arise from discussing specific investors or terms of potential deals.
Furthermore, mentioning other investors may lead to the VC questioning the entrepreneur's commitment to working with them exclusively.
By being vague, entrepreneurs can still discuss the market opportunity, their business model, and their strategy without revealing too much about their potential investors. This can also allow the entrepreneur to maintain leverage in the negotiations and avoid any potential negative impact on the deal.
In summary, while it may be tempting to name-drop potential investors in order to impress a VC, it is always best to keep the focus on the business opportunity and avoid discussing specific investors until an agreement has been reached.
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To what extent may a corporation accumulate earnings for the reasonable needs of a related corporation? To what extent does it matter that the following conditions prevail?a. A parent-subsidiary relationship exists.b. A brother-sister controlled group exists.c. The two corporations are in different businesses.d. The degree of common ownership or control is less than 80 percent.
A corporation may accumulate earnings for the reasonable needs of a related corporation, the specific circumstances of the relationship between the two corporations will impact the extent to which the accumulation of earnings is allowed under tax law. It is important to have a valid business purpose and to be able to demonstrate that the accumulation of earnings is not solely for tax avoidance purposes.
Under U.S. tax law, a corporation may accumulate earnings for the reasonable needs of a related corporation as long as the accumulation is for a valid business purpose. The extent to which a corporation may accumulate earnings for a related corporation depends on the specific facts and circumstances of each case.
If a parent-subsidiary relationship exists between the two corporations, the IRS is likely to closely scrutinize the accumulation of earnings to ensure that it is for a valid business purpose and not just a way to avoid taxes. However, if the two corporations are in different businesses, it may be easier to justify the accumulation of earnings since the businesses may have different cash flow needs.
If the two corporations are part of a brother-sister controlled group, the IRS may look at the overall financial picture of the group to determine if the accumulation of earnings is reasonable. Additionally, if the degree of common ownership or control is less than 80 percent, the IRS may be more likely to question the accumulation of earnings.
In summary, while a corporation may accumulate earnings for the reasonable needs of a related corporation, the specific circumstances of the relationship between the two corporations will impact the extent to which the accumulation of earnings is allowed under tax law. It is important to have a valid business purpose and to be able to demonstrate that the accumulation of earnings is not solely for tax avoidance purposes.
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if the u.s. government went from a budget deficit to a budget surplus then the real interest rate question 2 options: and the real exchange rate would increase. and the real exchange rate would decrease. would increase and the real exchange rate would decrease. would decrease and the real exchange rate would increase.
If the US government went from a budget deficit to a budget surplus, it would lead to a decrease in the demand for funds, which would cause the interest rates to decrease. Option B is correct.
When the government moves from a budget deficit to a budget surplus, it means that the government is collecting more revenue than it is spending. A budget surplus would decrease the demand for funds, which would lead to a decrease in interest rates. This is because the government would not need to borrow as much money, which would reduce the demand for credit and, in turn, lower the interest rates.
As a result, investors would look for other investment opportunities, such as purchasing foreign assets, leading to an increase in the demand for foreign currencies, and thus, an increase in the real exchange rate. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
This question should be provided as:
If the US government went from a budget deficit to a budget surplus then..
a. the interest rate and the real exchange rate would increase b. the interest rate and the real exchange rate would decrease c. the interest rate would increase and the real exchange rate would decrease d. the interest rate would decrease and the real exchange rate would increaseLearn more about budget surplus: https://brainly.com/question/30774647
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Illinois local units of government receive their powers of eminent domain from what source?
Illinois local units of government receive their powers of eminent domain from the Illinois Constitution.
The Illinois Constitution grants local units of government in the state the power of an eminent domain. Specifically, Article IX, Section 7 of the Illinois Constitution states that "Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use without just compensation as provided by law. Such compensation shall be determined by a jury unless a jury is waived." This provision establishes the framework for local units of government to use eminent domain, but it also ensures that property owners receive just compensation for their land or property that is taken. Additionally, Illinois state law further outlines the procedures that local units of government must follow when exercising their power of an eminent domain.
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burns nuclear power common stock has a beta of 0.8 and currently pays a dividend of $3. the us treasury bill rate is 2.5% and the market risk premium is 9.5%. what is the value of this stock if a constant annual growth rate of 4% is expected in dividends and earnings?
The value of Burns Nuclear Power common stock is $49.52, given the assumptions provided.
Why will be find stock if a constant annual growth rate of 4% is expected?To calculate the value of Burns Nuclear Power common stock, we can use the dividend discount model [tex](DDM)[/tex]:
Value of stock = (dividend / (required rate of return - dividend growth rate))
First, we need to calculate the required rate of return using the capital asset pricing model [tex](CAPM)[/tex]:
Required rate of return = risk-free rate + beta x market risk premium
In this case, the risk-free rate is 2.5% and the market risk premium is 9.5%. The beta of Burns Nuclear Power common stock is 0.8. Therefore, we can calculate the required rate of return as follows:
Required rate of return = 2.5% + 0.8 x 9.5% = 10.7%
Next, we can calculate the expected future dividends using the constant growth rate of 4%:
Dividend in year 1 = $3 x (1 + 4%) = $3.12
Dividend in year 2 = $3.12 x (1 + 4%) = $3.25
Dividend in year 3 = $3.25 x (1 + 4%) = $3.38
And so on...
Using the DDM formula and the expected future dividends, we can calculate the value of Burns Nuclear Power common stock:
Value of stock = ($3.12 / (10.7% - 4%)) + ($3.25 / (10.7% - 4%)^2) + ($3.38 / (10.7% - 4%)^3) + ...
Using the formula for an infinite geometric series, we can simplify this expression as follows:
Value of stock = ($3.12 / (10.7% - 4%)) x (1 / (1 - (1 + 4%) / (10.7% - 4%)))
Simplifying further, we get:
Value of stock = $3.12 / 0.063 = $49.52
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mutual funds composed of stocks that have potential for very high growth, but may also be unproven, are called group of answer choices dividend funds. specialty funds. none of the provided answers is correct. income funds. capital appreciation funds.
Capital appreciation funds are a type of mutual fund that invests in stocks of companies that have the potential for high growth. While they may be more volatile than other types of funds, they offer the potential for higher returns to investors who are willing to take on a higher level of risk. The correct answer is Capital appreciation funds.
Capital appreciation funds typically invest in growth-oriented companies that are expanding rapidly, have innovative products or services, and are operating in sectors that are poised for growth. These companies are typically in their early stages of development, and their stocks may be more volatile than the stocks of more established companies. However, the potential for higher returns makes them an attractive investment option for investors who are willing to take on a higher level of risk.The managers of capital appreciation funds use various strategies to identify the stocks of companies that have the potential for high growth.
They may use a combination of fundamental analysis and technical analysis to evaluate the financial performance of the companies, the quality of their management, and the market trends in their sectors. They may also use quantitative models to identify the stocks that have the highest growth potential.In summary,the answer to your question is capital appreciation funds. The primary objective of a capital appreciation fund is to provide capital growth to the investors by investing in stocks of companies that have the potential to appreciate significantly in value over time. The correct answer is Capital appreciation funds.
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on january 1, yves company issues $500,000 bonds at 98. the bonds mature in 5 years and pay 6% interest semi-annually on june 30 and december 31. yves decides to utilize the straight-line method of amortization. on december 31, year 1, yves should debit interest expense for
The total interest expense that Yves Company should debit on December 31 of year 1 is $4,000 ($3,000 interest expense + $1,000 amortization expense).
To calculate the interest expense that Yves Company should debit on December 31 of year 1, we first need to calculate the bond discount and the total interest expense over the life of the bonds.
Bond discount: Yves Company issued the $500,000 bonds at 98, which means that the company received $490,000 ($500,000 x 0.98) in cash from the bond issuance.
The bond discount is the difference between the cash received and the face value of the bonds, which is $10,000 ($500,000 face value - $490,000 cash received).
Total interest expense: The bonds have a 6% annual interest rate, which is paid semi-annually on June 30 and December 31.
Therefore, the semi-annual interest payment is $15,000 ($500,000 face value x 6% annual interest rate x 1/2 year). Over the life of the bonds (5 years), there will be 10 interest payments, for a total interest expense of $150,000 ($15,000 x 10).
Amortization: Yves Company has decided to use the straight-line method of amortization, which means that the bond discount will be amortized evenly over the life of the bonds.
Therefore, the annual amortization expense is $2,000 ($10,000 bond discount / 5 years). The semi-annual amortization expense is $1,000 ($2,000 / 2).
Now we can calculate the interest expense that Yves Company should debit on December 31 of year 1:
Yves Company issued the bonds on January 1 of year 1, so there were no interest payments made before June 30 of year 1.
The first interest payment of $15,000 was made on June 30 of year 1.
From January 1 to December 31 of year 1, there are 12 months, which is half of a year.
Therefore, the interest expense for the period from January 1 to December 31 of year 1 is $3,000 ($15,000 x 6 months / 12 months).
In addition, the semi-annual amortization expense of $1,000 should also be debited on December 31 of year 1.
Therefore, the total interest expense that Yves Company should debit on December 31 of year 1 is $4,000 ($3,000 interest expense + $1,000 amortization expense).
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One's commitment to ethical standards and sense of professional identity is directly affected by
A. professional skepticism
B. persistence
C. independence
D. due care
One's commitment to ethical standards and sense of professional identity is directly affected by all of the options provided, namely professional skepticism, persistence, independence, and due care. Finally, due care is essential in ensuring that individuals are taking the necessary steps to meet their ethical obligations.
Professional skepticism refers to the ability to question and scrutinize information presented to us, ensuring that we are not blindly accepting potentially flawed data. This skepticism helps to safeguard against unethical behavior, as it encourages individuals to seek out and address any potential ethical concerns.Persistence is also important, as it is essential in maintaining a sense of determination and dedication to ethical standards. It allows individuals to remain steadfast in their commitment to ethical behavior, even when faced with challenging circumstances.Independence is also key, as it enables individuals to maintain a sense of objectivity and impartiality in their professional endeavors. By remaining independent, individuals are better equipped to avoid conflicts of interest, and to uphold ethical standards without being swayed by external pressures. This means taking the time to fully understand the implications of one's actions, and to take responsibility for any potential ethical breaches. Together, these concepts help to shape a strong ethical foundation, and to promote a strong sense of professional identity.Each of these terms plays a crucial role in shaping the way a person conducts themselves within their professional realm, and in maintaining a strong ethical foundation.
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A(n) D R plan ensures that critical business functions if a catastrophic incident or disaster occurs. (True or False
True. A disaster recovery (DR) plan is essential for any organization to ensure that critical business functions can continue in the event of a catastrophic incident or disaster.
The plan outlines procedures and protocols for restoring data, systems, and operations to minimize the impact of the disruption on the organization's ability to function. It is important for organizations to regularly test and update their DR plan to ensure it remains effective and relevant to the current business environment. A DR plan is essential for businesses because it provides a structured approach to identifying potential threats, evaluating their potential impact on the organization, and outlining the necessary steps to ensure business continuity in case of a disaster. The key elements of a DR plan include:
1. Risk assessment: Identify and assess potential threats to the organization, such as natural disasters, cyber-attacks, or equipment failure.
2. Business impact analysis: Determine the potential impact of each threat on critical business functions and prioritize them accordingly.
3. Recovery strategies: Develop strategies to recover critical business functions in the event of a disaster, such as backup systems, alternate work locations, or emergency communications.
4. Implementation: Put the recovery strategies into action by acquiring necessary resources, training employees, and testing the plan.
5. Maintenance and review: Regularly update the DR plan to reflect changes in the organization or potential threats, and ensure employees are aware of their responsibilities.
In conclusion, a Disaster Recovery plan is essential for ensuring the continuation of critical business functions in the event of a catastrophic incident or disaster, making the statement true.
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What accounts equal salary expense?
A. Employee income tax payable, social security tax payable, Medicare tax payable, health insurance premiums payable, retirement benefits payable, cash.
B. Employee income tax payable, social security tax payable, Medicare tax payable.
C. Social security tax payable, Medicare tax payable, retirement benefits, payable, cash.
D. Medicare tax payable, health insurance premiums payable
some nonactivists believe in a constant-money growth rate, which suggests that the annual money-supply growth rate will be constant at the average annual growth rate of real gdp..T/F
True. Some nonactivists believe in the concept of a constant-money growth rate, which implies that the growth rate of the money supply should be kept constant over time. The idea behind this is that maintaining a constant growth rate in the money supply would allow for stable economic growth and low inflation rates.
This theory suggests that the annual money-supply growth rate should be kept constant at the average annual growth rate of real GDP.
However, not all economists agree with this approach. Critics argue that a fixed growth rate of the money supply may not always be suitable for addressing economic issues such as inflation, unemployment, and economic growth. They suggest that the central bank should be able to adjust the money supply as per the changing economic conditions.
In conclusion, while some nonactivists believe in a constant-money growth rate, the effectiveness of this approach is still a subject of debate among economists. Ultimately, the central bank needs to use its discretion to adjust the money supply as per the changing economic conditions to ensure long-term economic growth and stability.
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According to Crown ATM Network, the mean ATM withdrawal is $67. Assume that the standard deviation is $35.
a) Do you think the variable "ATM withdrawal" is normally distributed? If not, what shape would you expect the variable to have?
b) If a random sample of 50 ATM withdrawals is obtained, describe the sampling distribution of x?, the mean withdrawal amount.
c) Determine the probability of obtaining a sample mean withdrawal amount between $70 and $75
The sampling distribution of the mean ATM withdrawal is normal, with a mean of $67 and a standard error of $4.95.
a) It is reasonable to assume that the variable "ATM withdrawal" is normally distributed since it is a continuous variable and the mean and standard deviation are given.
b) The sampling distribution of x, the mean withdrawal amount, would be normally distributed with a mean of $67 and a standard deviation of $5 ($35/sqrt(50)) according to the Central Limit Theorem.
c) To determine the probability of obtaining a sample mean withdrawal amount between $70 and $75, we need to calculate the z-scores for each of these values using the formula [tex]z = (x - μ) / (σ / sqrt(n))[/tex], where x is the sample mean, [tex]μ[/tex] is the population mean, σ is the population standard deviation, and n is the sample size.
For x = $70, z = (70 - 67) / (35 / sqrt(50)) = 1.17
For x = $75, z = (75 - 67) / (35 / sqrt(50)) = 2.53
Using a standard normal distribution table or a calculator, we can find the probabilities associated with these z-scores:
P(z < 1.17) = 0.879
P(z < 2.53) = 0.994
Therefore, the probability of obtaining a sample mean withdrawal amount between $70 and $75 is P(1.17 < z < 2.53) = P(z < 2.53) - P(z < 1.17) = 0.994 - 0.879 = 0.115 or 11.5%.
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hree separate oligopolists in the same industry serve a city. Company A is the dominant firm in the industry and produces a large share of the total output in the industry. Companies B and Care rival firms, but they are much smaller than company A. Company A sets its price at a level that maximizes its own profits. According to the theory of price leadership, what will con panies B and C likely do? Click or tap a choice to answer the question. set prices to match company A set prices higher than company A set prices lower than company A
Companies B and C are likely to set their prices to match company A's price in order to remain competitive in the industry. This is because company A is the dominant firm and produces a large share of the total output in the industry.
According to the theory of price leadership, the smaller firms in the industry will follow the pricing strategy of the dominant firm in order to maintain their market share and profitability.
Therefore, companies B and C are likely to set their prices at the same level as company A in order to remain competitive and attract customers.
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Terry bought a new television set for $475 she paid nothing downbut agreed to payments of $42.30 per month for 12 months find theannual percentage rate for the loan using the APR table
The annual percentage rate (APR) is the interest rate charged for borrowing money over a period of one year, expressed as a percentage.
To find the annual percentage rate (APR) for the loan, we need to use the formula:
APR = (2 * Monthly Interest Rate * Number of Payments)/(Amount of the Loan + ((Number of Payments + 1) * Monthly Payment)/2)
Where Monthly Interest Rate = Annual Interest Rate / 12.
In this case, the amount of the loan is $475, the number of payments is 12, and the monthly payment is $42.30.
First, we need to calculate the total amount Terry will pay over the 12-month period:
Total Payments = 12 x $42.30 = $507.60
The amount of interest paid can be calculated as the difference between the total payments and the amount of the loan:
Interest = $507.60 - $475 = $32.60
Next, we can calculate the monthly interest rate:
Monthly Interest Rate = Annual Interest Rate / 12
We can rearrange this equation to solve for the annual interest rate:
Annual Interest Rate = Monthly Interest Rate x 12
To find the monthly interest rate, we can use the following formula:
Monthly Interest Rate = Interest / (Amount of the Loan x Number of Payments)
Substituting the values we have, we get:
Monthly Interest Rate = $32.60 / ($475 x 12) = 0.005883
Now, we can solve for the APR:
APR = (2 * Monthly Interest Rate * Number of Payments)/(Amount of the Loan + ((Number of Payments + 1) * Monthly Payment)/2)
APR = (2 * 0.005883 * 12) / ($475 + ((12 + 1) * $42.30)/2)
APR = 0.14079 or 14.08%
Therefore, the annual percentage rate (APR) for the loan is 14.08%.
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