The following errors in the PCR reaction could lead to the result obtained:
He performed step two at a temperature that was too low.
Repeated sequences were present in the designed primers.
He contaminated the DNA sample used as a template.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique used for the amplification of DNA fragments with the help of Taq polymerase at a high temperature.
A very tiny DNA sample can be amplified (or part of it amplified) to a size that is big enough to be studied in depth using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique that is frequently used to create millions to billions of copies (full or partial) of a given DNA sample quickly.
When the temperature for step 2 of PCR, annealing is too low, the primers do not get attached to the template DNA.
Dimers could arise when the primers include repeated sequences.
Contamination of the template DNA will lead to no PCR and thus little to no results.
The complete question is:
A student carries out PCR using the following steps:
Step 1: 94°C for 1 minute
Step 2: 60°C for 30 seconds
Step 3: 72°C for 30 seconds
After electrophoresing his PCR reaction, the student sees the desired PCR product on the gel as well as several smaller bands. What error(s) might he have made? (Select all that apply.)
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consider a tank containing a solution in which na0 moles of a substance are dissolved. a solution of the same chemical flows into the tank at a linearly increasing volumetric rate, q0t, and a mixture flows out of the tank at an equivalent rate. the change in the moles of the substance in the tank, na, is described by:
The change in the moles of the substance in the tank, Na = 10 if it contains solution in which na0 moles of a substance are dissolved.
DescriptionThe chemical compound sodium oxide has the formula Na2O. Glasses and ceramics both use it. Although the compound is rarely found, it is a white solid.
What does sodium oxide mean?An alkali metal oxide with the chemical formula Na2O is sodium oxide. It is sodium hydroxide in its anhydride state.
In the air, sodium burns with a brilliant, white light.
CalculationdNa / dt = Ca/o Qo*t - qot / v Na
⇒ dNa/dt + qo t / v Na = Ca/o Qo t → 1
The integrating factor is e ∫ (Qo t) /v dt
= e (Qo t^2) / 2v
Multiplying 1 by IF we get,
e^(qo t^2/2v) [dNa/dt + Qo t/2v Na] = (Ca/o)*Qo*t*e^(Qo t^2 / 2v)
d/dt (Na e^(Qot^2/2v) = (Ca/o)*Qo*t*e^(Qo t^2 / 2v)
On integrating,
Na* e^(Qot^2/2v) = Ca/o Qo ∫t e^(Qo t^2 / 2v) dt
= v (Ca/o) ∫[Qo*t /v] e^(Qo t^2 / 2v) dt
= v (Ca/o) e^(Qo t^2 / 2v) + k
Na = v(Ca/o) + K e^(Qo t^2 / 2v)
At t = 0,
Na = Nao
⇒Nao = V*Ca/o +k
⇒k = Nao - V Ca/o
At Ca/o = 5, V = 2, Qo = 1, V=2, Nao = 10
we get
Na = 10
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Compare and contrast synthesis and decomposition reactions.
this will be copied and pasted fyi
The difference in synthesis reaction and decomposition reactions is that a synthesis reaction occurs when two or more simple chemicals combine to create a more complex result. One reactant produces two or more products in a decomposition reaction , is a another type of chemical reaction.
The comparison of synthesis reaction and decomposition reactions is explained as ,
As two of the most significant categories of chemical reactions to take place in nature is synthesis and decomposition reaction have significant scientific importance. The breaking of chemical bonds between atoms to form new atomic arrangements is referred to as a chemical reaction. Reactants are the atoms or combinations of atoms that participate in a chemical reaction, while products are the newly produced compounds. All chemical processes that take place in biological systems can be divided into four groups: synthesis processes, breakdown processes, exchange processes, and reversible processes.
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some compounds can be seen under uv light becasue they are inherently fluorescent and usually glow brightly
Some compounds can be seen under uv light becasue they are inherently fluorescent and usually glow brightly.
What are fluorescent compounds?
the light that a material emits when exposed to photons of a different wavelength. When exposed to UV radiation, a fluorescent object frequently emits visible light. The fluorescent properties of some deep sea fish and fireflies are examples of fluorescence in nature.
When a substance passes through fluorescence, it emits light after having absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. B2 emits a yellow colour while fluorescing. Tonic water glows blue because it contains quinine. Benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, coumarins, vitamins like cyanocobalamine, fluorene, and pentacene are examples of fluorescent materials.
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energy from motion and position.
from flocabulary
Energy gets from motion is called kinetic energy and energy due to position is called potential energy.
The energy that a body or particle gains as a result of its motion is known as kinetic energy.The effort necessary to accelerate an item to a random speed is known as kinetic energy.To comprehend fluid mechanics, liquid particles may be modelled using the kinetic energy equation that was developed for a body. Understanding the movement and heating of liquids in chemical industries requires knowledge of kinetic energy. Due to kinetic energy, the particles in a heated liquid move in a chaotic manner. Brownian motion refers to the random movement of particles in a liquid. According to Albert Einstein, the kinetic energy of the molecules' Brownian motion is exactly proportional to the temperature of a liquid. Temperature affects a substance's kinetic energy as well. whenever the substance's temperatureTo know more about kinetic energy visit : https://brainly.com/question/15764612
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If 3.046 g of precipitate was formed, what was the molarity of the ba(no3 )2 (aq)?
The molarity of the Ba(NO₃)₂ solution is 0.188 M
Calculating :Determination of the molarity of Ba(NO₃)₂
We'll begin by calculating the amount of mole of in 3.046 g of precipitate, Ba₂SO₄
Molar mass of Ba₂SO₄ = (2×137) + 32 + (4×16) = 370 g/mol
Mass of Ba₂SO₄ = 3.046 g
Mole of Ba₂SO₄ =?
Mole = mass /molar mass
Mole of Ba₂SO₄ = 3.046 / 370
Mole of Ba₂SO₄ = 0.008 mole
Next, we shall determine the amount of mole of Ba(NO₃)₂ required to produce 0.008 mole of Ba₂SO₄
Na₂SO₄(aq) + Ba(NO₃)₂(aq) —> Ba₂SO₄(s) + 2NaNO₃(aq)
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of Ba(NO₃)₂ reacted to supply 1 mole Ba₂SO₄.
Therefore,
0.008 mole of Ba(NO₃)₂ also will react to produce 0.008 mole of Ba₂SO₄
Thus, 0.008 mole of Ba(NO₃)₂ is required for the reaction.
Finally, we shall determine the molarity of the Ba(NO₃)₂ solution
Mole of Ba(NO₃)₂ = 0.008 mole
Volume = 42.53 mL
= 42.53 / 1000
= 0.04253 L
Molarity of Ba(NO₃)₂ =?
Molarity = mole / Volume
Molarity of Ba(NO₃)₂ = 0.008 / 0.04253
Molarity of Ba(NO₃)₂ = 0.188 M
Molarity :Molarity (M) is that the amount of a substance in a certain volume of solution. Molarity is defined because the moles of a solute per liters of a solution. Molarity is additionally known as the molar concentration of a solution
What is molarity used for?Molarity is how chemists measure the concentration of an answer , allowing them to relate concentrations to at least one another when calculating chemical reactions and working with chemical solutions. a degree is what chemists use to refer to the amount of substance dissolved into a given amount of solution
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at neutral ph, both h-indicator and indicator- will co-exist in an equilibrium, so the color will be a mixture of the two.
At neutral pH, both H-indictor and OH-indicator will co-exist in an equilibrium, so the color will be a mixture of the two.
Acid base indicators are generally weak protolytes that change color in solution according to the pH.
The acid-base equilibrium of a weak acid type of indicator, i.e., H-indicator in water can be expressed as-
HI + H₂O ⇄ H₃O⁺ + I⁻
The acid, HI, and conjugate base, I⁻, have different colors. The equilibrium expression for this process is
K = [I⁻] [H₃O⁺]
[HI]
This can be expressed in logarithmic form :
pH = pK + log [I⁻]
[HI]
Now, from the equation it can be predicted whether the indicator is in its acid or base form depending on the pH.
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Discuss why the following affect the rate of diffusion: molecular size, temperature, solution density, and the distance that must be traveled.
Molecular size: Molecules that are heavier than others move more slowly.
Temperature: The energy in the medium changes depending on whether the temperature is rising or falling, which has an impact on molecular movement.
Density: The harder it is for molecules to travel through a solution, the slower diffusion will be owing to density.
Distance: Diffusion is unable to transport nutrients and waste products efficiently enough to support life if the distance these substances must travel is too great.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the term for the net movement of anything, often from a location of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. A gradient in the chemical potential or Gibbs free energy is what drives diffusion.
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calculate the quantity of heat released in kj when 15.7 g of benzene in the liquid phase at 50.0 °c is converted to solid benzene at 2.0 °c. molar mass of benzene
The quantity of heat released when when 15.7 g of benzene in the liquid phase at 50.0 °c is converted to solid benzene at 2.0 °c. molar mass of benzene is 11.37708 KJ.
Energy = nCp,liquid(T,bp - T₁) + nΔH + nCp,gas(T₂ - T,bp)
where
n is the number of moles
T,bp is the boiling point of benzene at 80.1°C
Cp,liquid = 134.8 J/mol·°C
Cp,gas = 82.44 J/mol·°C
ΔH = 87.1 J/mol
Energy = (3.12 moles)(134.8 J/mol·°C)(80.1°C - 75.1°C) + (3.12 moles)(87.1 J/mol) + (3.12 moles)(82.44 J/mol·°C)(115.1°C - 80.1°C)
Energy = 11,377.08 J
What is benzene ?It smells pleasant and is quite combustible. Benzene swiftly disappears into the atmosphere. Its vapor can descend into low-lying locations since it is heavier than air. Benzene floats on top of water and barely slightly dissolves in it.
One of the fundamental petrochemicals, benzoene is a component of crude oil that occurs naturally. Benzene is categorized as an aromatic hydrocarbon because of the cyclic continuous pi bonds that exist between the carbon atoms. PhH is a common abbreviation. The stench near gas stations is partly caused by benzene, a colorless, extremely combustible chemical that has a sweet scent.
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Match the following vocabulary words.
1. the wrapping outside of the cell that encloses the other parts of the cell
cytoplasm
2. rod-shaped parts of a reproducing cell that carry the genes
nucleus
3. the chemical material within the cell--does not include the nucleus
cell membrane
4. the information located in the cell that determines inherited traits
chromosome
5. the part of a cell that controls cell activities
genes
Which fact is most important in causing phospholipids to behave as they do in water?.
Answer: Water molecules make hydrogen bonds
Explanation: The hydrogen bonds in water exclude the nonpolar tails of phospholipids, forcing the molecules into a bilayer
Answer:
Water molecules make hydrogen bonds
Explanation:
This happens when the hydrogen bonds in water exclude the nonpolar tails of phospholipids, forcing the molecules into a bilayer.
what is the molarity of 125 g cobalt chloride dissolved in a final volume of 300 ml? the fw is 237.9 g/mol.
The formula weight is 237.9 g/mols the molarity of 125 g cobalt chloride dissolved in a final volume of 300 ml.
What is molarity ?The word "molar concentration" refers to the amount of a substance per unit volume of solution and is used to describe the concentration of a chemical species, specifically a solute, in a solution. Molarity, amount, and substance concentration are other names for this term. The number of moles per liter, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm3 in SI units, is the molarity unit that is most frequently used in chemistry. The term "molar," often known as "1 M," refers to a solution with a concentration of 1 mol/L.
As a result of thermal expansion, the volume of most solutions varies slightly with temperature in thermodynamics, making it difficult to employ molar concentration. The typical solution to this issue is to use a temperature-independent metric or to introduce temperature correction variables.
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what is yeast? what kind of organism is it?
Answer:
fungi
Yeasts are eukaryotic organisms that are included in a group of organisms called “fungi,” which also includes molds and mushrooms. Yeasts can have both positive and negative effects on fermented products consumed by humans and animals.
Explanation:
Answer: Fungi
Explanation:
Yeasts are eukaryotic organisms that are included in a group of organisms called “fungi,” which also includes molds and mushrooms. Yeasts can have both positive and negative effects on fermented products consumed by humans and animals.
A supercritical fluid can expand like a ________ to fill a container and has a density similar to that of a ________ so can behave as a solvent.
The correct alternatives of the blanks are -
Blank 1 - Gases.
Blank 2 - Liquid.
We have a statement regarding the supercritical fluid.
We have to fill in the blanks with correct alternatives.
What is Supercritical fluid ?A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist.
According to the question -
The complete statement regarding the supercritical fluid is as follows -
A supercritical fluid can expand like a gases to fill a container and has a density similar to that of a liquid so can behave as a solvent.
Hence, the correct alternatives of the blanks are -
Blank 1 - Gases.
Blank 2 - Liquid.
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Energy is required to break chemical bonds, and energy is released when bonds
form. How does this observation help explain the energy released by burning Food?
Answer:
See below.
Explanation:
Since energy is released when bonds form, the process of burning food can be explained through exothermic reactions. We use food as a resource to obtain energy through calories, where the chemicals that makeup food result in endothermic reactions to fulfill our dietary needs. As a result, that energy MUST be released since energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Therefore, it must come out as the bonds are broken (usually hydrogen bonds during the process of cellular respiration). While calories are being burned, energy is released, causing bonds to break and resulting in exothermic reactions.
In the redox reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase, the oxidizing agent is ___________ and the reducing agent is
In the redox reaction that is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase, the oxidizing agent of this reaction is NAD+ and the reducing agent is lactic acid.
What is the lactate dehydrogenase test used for?The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test examines for signs of injury to the body's tissues. LDH is an enzyme located in almost every cell of your body, including your blood, muscles, brain, kidneys, and pancreas. The enzyme depends on sugar into energy. The LDH test estimates the amount of LDH in your blood or other body fluid.
LDH delivers lactic acid as an end outcome through a fermentation reaction. In the process, LDH releases electrons from NADH and makes NAD+, which is channelized in the glycolysis pathway to produce ATP.
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If the strength of gravity is 9.8 newtons per kilogram, that means:
a. each newton of force equals 9.8 pounds.
b. each pound of force equals 9.8 newtons.
c. each newton of mass weighs 9.8 kilograms
d. each kilogram of mass weighs 9.8 newtons.
Help!!! Answer
Imagine your teacher asks you to design an experiment where you test the effect of temperature on the growth of a plant. You have 5 plants that you plant and place in different temperatures around the room. What would your one variable be and what would your constants be?
Dependent variables could be height, number of leaves, biomass, etc. The constants could be the amount of water fed to the plants and other environmental conditions apart from the temperature.
Experimental variablesExperimental variables could be independent, dependent, or constant.
Independent variables are supplied by the researcher and are often varied or manipulated to produce different effects on experimental systems or subjects.
Dependent variables are measured. Their values are often affected by whatever independent variable the researcher supplies.
Constant variables are uniform throughout the experimental groups or subjects.
Thus, in this case, the aim is to test the effect of temperature on the growth of a plant. The independent variable is the different temperatures.
The dependent variable would be any feature of the experimental plants that indicate growth. It could the height, the number of leaves, etc.
The constant variable would be other conditions the experimental plants are subjected to.
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Acetone is a common solvent that has a density of 0.7899 g/mlwhat volume of acetone, in milliliters, has a mass of 49.2 g?
The volume of acetone in milliliters is 0.016 mL.
What are the acetone's physicochemical characteristics?Properties of acetone, also known as 2-propanone, dimethyl ketone, and pyroacetic acid, in terms of chemistry, physics, and temperature. Included is a phase diagram. Acetone (2-propanone), also known as CH 3-CO-CH 3, is a colorless, clear liquid with a distinctively fruity and sweet scent. The fumes are heavier than air and it is combustible.
Given that;
density = 0.7899 g/mL
mass = 49.2g
Volume =?
applying formula
[tex]Density = \frac{mass}{ volume}[/tex]
[tex]Mass=\frac{ density}{volume}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{ 0.7899 g/mL}{49.2 g}[/tex]
=0.016 mL
The volume of acetone in milliliters is 0.016 mL
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What can decrease the amount of CO2 being removed from the atmosphere
Reduce Vehicle Emissions decrease the amount of CO2 being removed from the atmosphere
Many of us drive cars every day, which are one of the greatest sources of CO2 in our environment. With a share of 31% of all emissions, this is the second-largest source of carbon dioxide produced in the US. However, this is not simply restricted to personal vehicles; anything that has an engine powered by gasoline or diesel contributes to this issue.
Limiting the quantity of CO2 your own car emits is the best personal solution to this problem. To make all of your journeys a little less wasteful, choose a hybrid or gas-efficient car. Additionally, carpool with colleagues or acquaintances, or whenever possible, take public transit to reduce the automobiles moving through the streets.
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automobiles moving through the streets.
What is the ph at the equivalence point of a weak acid-strong base titration?
a) ph < 7
b) ph = 7
c) ph > 7
d) ph = 14.00
option (b) is correct .
The ph at the equivalence point is 7 for a weak acid-strong base titration.
What is the distinction between titration of strong acid and titration of the strong base?There is no hydrolysis in the case of titration of a strong acid with a strong base (or strong base with strong acid), and the solution pH is neutral - 7.00 (at 25°C). The weak acid salt hydrolysis determines the pH at the equivalence point in the case of titration of a weak acid with a strong base.
What is the pH at the equivalence point?The weak acid salt hydrolysis determines the pH at the equivalence point in the case of titration of a weak acid with a strong base. That means we must first determine the pK b of the conjugated base and calculate the concentration of OH, and then apply the pH=14-pOH formula.
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the most negative electron affinity is most likely associated with which type of atoms? large nonmetal atoms small nonmetal atoms
The most negative electron affinity is most likely associated with small nonmetal atoms.
Electron affinity is the amount of energy released when an electron is added to an isolated gaseous atom.
When the first electron is added to a neutral atom, the electron affinity is positive. However, when a second electron is added to an anion, the electron affinity becomes positive due to the repulsion of electrons.
The electron affinity of non-metals is greater than metals because non-metals gain electrons whereas metals accept an electron. Due to this, electron affinity increases from left to right in a period.
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one possible drawback to moist-heat cookery is that may leach out and be lost in the liquid.
One possible drawback to moist-heat cookery is that a.color b.flavor c.vitamins d.minerals may leach out and be lost in the liquid.
What is moist-heat?The cost of generating more neutron-rich nuclear systems is measured by the nuclear symmetry energy. According to the system's density. The mechanics of supernova explosions, the characteristics of neutron stars, and the gravitational waves produced by their mergers are all greatly affected by knowledge of the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy. Understanding the kinetics and outcomes of their collisions in laboratory studies, as well as the characteristics of nuclei, is crucial.
Within the parabolic approximation, the Equation of State (EOS) of homogeneous neutron-rich nucleonic matter with isospin asymmetry = (np)/ and density can be stated in terms of the energy per nucleon E(n, n).
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how many grams of oxygen are required to react with 14.0 grams of octane ( c8h18 ) in the combustion of octane in gasoline?
48.64 grams of oxygen are required to react with 14.0 grams of octane (C₈H₁₈) in the combustion of octane in gasoline.
To find the oxygen required, the given data's are:
Mass of octane = 14 grams.
What is octane?Octane is a hydrocarbon which burns in gasoline in presence of oxygen.
According to the given balanced chemical equation,
C₈H₁₈ + 25/2O₂ → 8CO₂ +9H₂O or
2C₈H₁₈ + 25O₂------> 16CO₂ + 18H₂0
At first to find the moles of octane,
Molar mass of octane = 114.2 g/mol,
The mole of octane can be calculated as,
Moles = grams / Molar mass
= 14g / 114.2 g/mol
= 0.122 mol.
The moles of octane is 0.122 mol.
Using mole ratio from the balanced equation to find moles of O₂,
The mole ratio of octane and O₂ is 2 : 25. Let us use this as a conversion factor.
0.122 mol C₈H₁₈ × ( 25 mol O2/ 2 mol C₈H₁₈)
= 0.122 × 12.5
= 1.525 mol
We have 1.525 mol O₂.
Now, Converting moles of O₂ to grams,
The molar mass of O₂ is 32 g/mol.
The grams of O₂ can be calculated as,
1.525 mol × 32 g/mol = 48.64 grams.
48.64 grams of oxygen are required.
Hence, 48.64 grams of oxygen are required to react with 14.0 grams of octane ( C₈H₁₈ ) in the combustion of octane in gasoline.
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bromothymol blue (btb) is a chemical that indicates the presence of carbon dioxide in water. if a beaker of water is mixed with btb, what color will water turn to determine if there is a large amount of carbon dioxide present in the water
If a beaker of water is mixed with BTB, the colour of water will turn to yellow to determine the presence of carbon dioxide in the water.
What kind of chemical is Bromothymol Blue (BTB) ?
A pH indicator is bromothymol blue. It is frequently used to determine whether carbonic acid is present in a liquid, which is one application where it is necessary to measure chemicals that would have a pH that is quite neutral. The sodium version of the acid indicator is usually offered in solid form.
It displays acids and bases by changing color, making bromothymol blue a pH indicator. Bromothymol blue changes color when an acid or base (such as sodium sulfite) is added. It becomes yellow when an acid is added. A neutral color is green (like water).
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Which step is incorrect to determine the molecular formula for a compound using combustion analysis data?
Determine the mass of a third element, if present, from the mass of its oxide produced in the combustion.
What is the molecular formula?The molecular formula shows the number of atoms that are present in a compound. We know that there are three formulas that could be used to show a substance and they are;
The empirical formula
The molecular formula
The structural formula
Hence, the incorrect step in determining the molecular formula of the compound is; Determine the mass of a third element, if present, from the mass of its oxide produced in the combustion.
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Would extrinsic or intrinsic properties be more useful in identifying a substance? Why?
According to the research, Intrinsic properties are specific properties being more useful than extrinsic properties since they allow substances to be identified and differentiated.
What are the intrinsic properties?They are essential qualities of a material and that characterize each of the substances, being independent of the size of a sample or the amount of matter present, contrary to the extrinsic properties that are affected by external factors.
In this sense, said properties are inherent qualities of the type and form of matter, which depend mainly on the chemical composition and structure.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct option is intrinsic properties are specific properties being more useful than extrinsic properties since they allow substances to be identified and differentiated.
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What volume of a 0.270 m naf0.270 m naf solution is required to react completely with 535 ml535 ml of a 0.700 m srcl20.700 m srcl2 solution?
535 mL of 0.7 M SrCl2 solution needs 2.77 liters of 0.270 m NaF solution to react completely.
The amount of a solute per unit volume of a solution, or the concentration of a chemical species in a solution, is expressed as a solute's molar concentration. The number of moles per liter, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm³ in SI units, is the most often used unit denoting molarity in chemistry.
The balanced equation:
SrCl₂ (aq) + 2NaF (aq) ⟶ SrF₂ (s) + 2NaCl (aq)
The number of moles of SrCl₂ present is:
= 0.535 L × 0.700 mol L⁻¹
= 0.3745 moles
The number of moles NaF needed to react is:
[tex]=0.3745 {~} \text{mol} {~}SrCl_{2} \times \frac{2{~}\text{mol}{~}NaF}{\text{mol}{~}SrCl_{2}}[/tex]
= 0.749 mol NaF
Therefore, the volume of NaF is:
[tex]( x {~}\text{L} ) \times 0.270 {~}mol {~}L^{-1} = 0.749{~} moles[/tex]
[tex]x=\frac{0.749 \text{mol}}{0.270{~} \text{mol}{~}L^{-1}}[/tex]
[tex]x=2.77{~}\text{L}[/tex]
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Determine the excess reactant and calculate the mass of the remaining excess reactant after 32.5 grams of ko2 and 27.9 grams of h2o react.
The mass of the remaining excess reactant after 32.5 g of KO₂ and 27.9 g of H₂O react is 22.5 g and the excess reactant is KO₂.
The balance chemical reaction is:
4KO₂(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 4KOH(s) + 3O₂(g)
List of given data:
Given Mass of KO₂ = 32.5 g
Given Mass of H₂O = 27.9 g
Molar Mass of KO₂ = 71.0 g
Molar Mass of H₂O = 18.0 g
To calculate the number of moles-
Number of moles = Given mass
Molar mass
a) moles of KO₂ = 32.5 moles = 0.45 mol
71.0
b) moles of H₂O = 27.9 moles = 1.55 mol
18.0
KO₂ is the limiting reactant, since it gives smaller amount of KOH and H₂O is the excess reactant as it is the only other reactant.
To calculate the mass of remaining excess reactant KO₂,
The mass of excess reactant used up,
Using Molar ratio-
1.55 mol H₂O x 4 mol KO₂ = 3.1 mol KO₂
2 mol H₂O
3.1 mol KO₂ x 71.0 g KO₂ = 55.0 g KO₂
4 mol KO₂
we start with-
32.5 g of KO₂ and using up 55.0 g
Mass of excess reactant KO₂ = 55.0 g - 32.5 g
= 22.5 g
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If gas molecules in an enclosed chamber are allowed to enter a second chamber, the resulting redistribution of gas molecules represents an increase in?
If gas molecules in an enclosed chamber are allowed to enter a second chamber, the resulting redistribution of gas molecules represents an increase in entropy.
Entropy is defined as the measure of a system's thermal energy or te amount of energy which is unavailable to do work.
The entropy is known to increase because of the pressure or concentration is reduced. Entropy of gases are much larger than the condensed phases.
Entropy is the measure of the randomness or disorder of the system.
When the gas molecules were in an enclosed chamber, they were at a constant temperature and molecules did not slow down but when they were allowed to enter a second chamber, they had more place in container where they were in disorder, which resulted in redistribution of gas molecules, increasing the entropy of gas due to its expansion.
To learn more about the chamber and entropy,
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Which of these would you MOST likely find in a country with an unlimited government?
A checks and balanceschecks and balances
B one person ruleone person rule
C protection of free speechprotection of free speech
D separation of powers