The reactor needs to process 2,488,076 m³/hour of ethylene to remove 0.8219 metric tons/day of acetylene. The reactor design will depend on the specifics of the plant, such as the available space, pressure and temperature requirements, and the desired efficiency of the process.
To remove 1% acetylene from 1.5 million metric tons per year of ethylene, we need to calculate the flow rate of ethylene and acetylene. Let's assume that the ethylene stream contains 2% acetylene, so we need to remove 1% of 2%, which is 0.02%.
1.5 million metric tons per year of ethylene is equivalent to 4,109.59 metric tons per day. To calculate the flow rate of acetylene, we multiply the flow rate of ethylene by the concentration of acetylene:
Acetylene flow rate = 4,109.59 metric tons/day x 0.02% = 0.8219 metric tons/day
Now we can use the given information about the catalyst to design a reactor. The weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) is defined as the weight of reactants per hour per weight of catalyst. We can use the following equation to calculate the required weight of catalyst:
WHSV = (Weight of reactants per hour) / (Weight of catalyst)
Weight of catalyst = (Weight of reactants per hour) / WHSV
Since we know the WHSV and the acetylene flow rate, we can calculate the required weight of ethylene per hour:
Weight of ethylene per hour = (Weight of acetylene per hour) / (0.9 × 0.5 × WHSV)
Weight of ethylene per hour [tex]=\frac{(0.8219)}{(0.9*0.5*800*24)} = 1,368.94[/tex] metric tons/hour
Assuming a density of 0.55 kg/L for ethylene, the volumetric flow rate of ethylene is:
Volumetric flow rate of ethylene = Weight of ethylene per hour / (Density of ethylene x 1000 L/m³)
Volumetric flow rate of ethylene [tex]= \frac{(1,368.94)}{(0.55 * 1000)} = 2,488,076[/tex] m³/hour
This indicates that in order to remove 0.8219 metric tons of acetylene per day, the reactor must process 2,488,076 m³/hour of ethylene each hour. The reactor design will be determined by the characteristics of the facility, including the amount of space available, the necessary pressure and temperature, and the desired process efficiency. Based on these variables, the catalyst weight and reactor size will need to be determined.
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the complete question is:
Acetylene is formed as a by-product in the manufacture of ethylene. It is removed by selective hydrogenation using noble metal catalysts (see for example US 7453 017). A particular catalyst achieves 90% acetylene saturation with 50% hydrogen selectivity for acetylene at a weight hourly space velocity of 800 h-1 based on ethylene Design a reactor to remove 1% acetylene from ethylene in a plant that produces 15 million metric tons per year of ethylene using this catalyst.
as dr. jillian swift's research has shown, chemical isotope analysis is particularly useful for considering ancient diets. why is this?
chemical isotope analysis is particularly useful for considering ancient diets because it provides information that cannot be obtained from other sources.
Chemical isotope analysis is particularly useful for considering ancient diets because it can reveal the types of foods that were consumed by ancient people. This type of analysis is based on the fact that different isotopes of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are found in different types of foods.
For example, the isotopes of carbon found in wheat and barley are different from those found in meat and dairy products. By analyzing the isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in the bones and teeth of ancient people, researchers can determine what types of foods were consumed by these people.
This information can help researchers to understand how ancient people lived, what types of foods they ate, and how their diets may have affected their health and well-being. It can also provide insight into how food production and consumption patterns have changed over time.
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A solution of 0.15M NH3 is only 1.1% ionized in solution. Calculate the pKa of NH4+. The Kb for NH3 is 1.8 x 10-5.m
The pKa of [tex]NH^{4+[/tex] would be 9.51.
pKa calculationTo solve the problem, we can use the equation for the ionization constant of a weak base, Kb:
Kb = [NH4+][OH-] / [NH3]Since NH3 is a weak base, we can assume that the concentration of OH- ions produced by water is negligible. Thus, we can simplify the equation to:
Kb = [NH4+] / [NH3]The equilibrium expression for the ionization of NH3 can be written as:
NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH-The equilibrium constant for this reaction is:
Kw = [NH4+][OH-] / [NH3] = 1.0 x 10^-14Since the concentration of OH- is negligible, we can assume that:
Kw = [NH4+][OH-] / [NH3] ≈ [NH4+][OH-] / [NH4+] = [OH-]Substituting Kb and Kw into the equation above, we get:
Kb x [OH-] = Kw[OH-] = Kw / Kb = 1.0 x 10^-14 / 1.8 x 10^-5 = 5.6 x 10^-10Since NH3 is only 1.1% ionized, we can assume that [NH4+] ≈ [OH-] = 5.6 x 10^-10
Using the equation for the ionization constant of NH4+, we get:
Ka = [NH3][H3O+] / [NH4+]Since NH3 is a weak base, we can assume that [H3O+] ≈ [OH-] = 5.6 x 10^-10
Substituting the values into the equation, we get:
Ka = (0.15 x 0.011)/(5.6 x 10^-10) = 3.1 x 10^-10
Finally, we can use the relationship between Ka and pKa:
pKa = -log(Ka) = -log(3.1 x 10^-10) = 9.51
Therefore, the pKa of NH4+ is 9.51.
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How many Magnesium atoms in the formula 3Mg(O3H2)3
The formula 3Mg(O3H2)3 denotes a molecule made up of three magnesium atoms and nine groups of hydroxide ions (O3H2), each of which contains three oxygen atoms and six hydrogen atoms.
What exactly is a molecule?
A molecule is a collection of two or even more than two atoms that are held together by chemical-bonds. These atoms could be of the same element or of different elements. H2O (water), for example, is a molecule composed of two (2) hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
CO2 (Carbon dioxide) is just another example of the molecule made up of 1-carbon atom and 2-oxygen atoms. Molecules are the basic building blocks of many substances, and their unique arrangement and properties play an important role in a wide range of chemical reactions and biological processes.
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Select the coefficients necessary to balance each equation. Choose a coefficient for every compound.
1. __NH4NO3⟶ __N2O+ __H2O
2. __Fe + __HCl⟶ __FeCl3 + __H2
Answer:
Explanation:
1) 1; 1; 2
2) 2; 6; 2; 3
Answer: NH4NO3 ⟶ 2N2O + 4H2O (balanced equation)
Coefficients: 1, 2, 4
2Fe + 6HCl ⟶ 2FeCl3 + 3H2 (balanced equation)
Coefficients: 2, 6, 2, 3
Your welcome stranger. (:
Need some answers to these ASAP PLEASE
Answer: working on it
Explanation:
Answer:
a. 4 moles aluminum chloride = 8 moles chlorine (since each mole of aluminum chloride contains 2 moles of chlorine)
b. 1 mole aluminum chloride = 1 mole aluminum (since each mole of aluminum chloride contains 1 mole of aluminum)
c. It is not possible to determine the number of moles of chlorine from the given information.
If a balloon is taken outside on a very cold day, what will occur?
A. The volume of the balloon will decrease. B. Gas will flow into the balloon. C. The volume of the balloon will increase. D. The pressure inside the balloon will increase. **
Answer:
A the volume of the ballon will decrease
Explanation:
This is because the temperature decreased so the particles slowed down and need less room or volume to move around and collide in
Manganese- 58 had a half life of about 3 seconds. If your have a 150.0 gram sample, how long would you expect it to take to decay to approximately 1.20 grams
How does blood flow through your body. What is the path that it takes
A closed network of blood vessels, comprising arteries, veins, and capillaries, transports blood throughout the body.
These are some examples of the route blood takes:
The largest artery in the body, the aorta, is used to push blood out of the heart.
The aorta divides into smaller arteries that supply blood to the body's many organs and tissues.
The arteries gradually shrink to the size of arterioles, which are tiny channels that can assist control blood pressure and flow.
The tiniest blood veins in the body, known as capillaries, are then reached via arterioles. The blood and cells of the organism exchange nutrients and gases through capillaries.
Then, blood exits the capillaries and enters the tiny veins called venules.
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In different types of solutions, solvents must be liquids.
-True.
-False
[tex] \mathbb{ANSWER:}[/tex]
FalseSolvents can also be solid and gas not only liquid.
How many grams of AgNO3 are needed to prepare 237.3 mL of 0.0312 M AgNO3 solution? m(AgNO3) = ___g
Answer:
we need 1.605 grams of AgNO3 to prepare 237.3 mL of 0.0312 M solution.
Explanation:
First, let's write down the formula for calculating the mass of a solute:
mass = molarity x volume x molar mass
We are given the volume and molarity of the solution, so we just need to find the molar mass of AgNO3.
AgNO3 has a molar mass of 169.87 g/mol.
Now we can substitute into the formula:
mass = 0.0312 mol/L x 0.2373 L x 169.87 g/mol
mass = 1.605 g
Therefore, we need 1.605 grams of AgNO3 to prepare 237.3 mL of 0.0312 M solution.
How did you get the solution to change from blue to yellow?
In an apparatus for testing the conductivity of solutions:
The light bulb.............
-glows in the solution is a poor conductor.
-dim if the solution is a poor conductor.
-doesn't glow at all.
-glows as it's nonelectrolyte.
Answer:
1.glass
2.tungstan is going to expire
3.bulb is fuse
4.led
what percentage of a tritium sample will remain after 11 years? the half-life of tritium is 12.3 years. please answer in percent and round your answer to one place past the decimal.
After 11 years, a tritium sample will contain about 41.6% of the original amount.
How many years are there in a tritium half-life?A hydrogen isotope with a half-life of 12.3 years, tritium (also known as T or 3H) decays to 3He through beta decay.
Applying the formula for the half-life:N(t) = N₀(1/2)^(t/T)
where N(t) is the quantity still present at time t, N0 is the starting quantity, t is the time since the beginning of time, and T is the half-life.
For tritium, we have T = 12.3 years, and t = 11 years.
Substituting these values, we get:
N(11) = N₀(1/2)^(11/12.3)
We can multiply by 100 and divide N(11) by N0 to determine how much is left:
% remaining = (N(11) / N₀) * 100
% remaining = (1/2)^(11/12.3) * 100
% remaining = 41.6%
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Indicate how many unpaired electrons each atom has. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. ResetHelp Ca Selected 0 unpaired electrons 1 unpaired electron 2 unpaired electrons 3 unpaired electrons 4 unpaired electrons 5 unpaired electrons
Here are the number of unpaired electrons for each of the given atoms:
Y: 0, Br: 1 , Ca: 0, Sn: 2, Br: 1
In order to determine the number of unpaired electrons for each of the given atoms, we need to look at the electron configuration for each atom.
Y (yttrium): Y has an electron configuration of [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s². This means that Y has a completely filled 4d subshell and no unpaired electrons.
Br (bromine): Br has an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵. This means that Br has seven electrons in its outermost energy level (4p⁵), and one of these electrons is unpaired.
Ca (calcium): Ca has an electron configuration of [Ar] 4s². This means that Ca has two electrons in its outermost energy level (4s²), and both of these electrons are paired.
Sn (tin): Sn has an electron configuration of [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p². This means that Sn has two electrons in its outermost energy level (5p²), and one of these electrons is unpaired.
Br (bromine): As above, Br has an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵. This means that Br has seven electrons in its outermost energy level (4p⁵), and one of these electrons is unpaired.
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correct form of question should be:
What type of Electromagnetic energy does a T.V use?
ex: Infrared or Radio
Also how is it used in television?
Answer:
It's the type of radiation that lower frequency waves (such as visible light, microwaves, or radio waves) emit. Non-ionizing radiation is the kind that humans are typically exposed to when using electromagnetic wave-emitting technology, such as mobile phones, TVs, computers, powerlines, or microwaves.
Explanation:
hope this helps
briefly describe the relationship between temperature and density of a gas
Answer:
Inversely proportional.
Explanation:
The density and temperature relationship for ideal gases is mathematically written as- Density and Temperature Relationship The density and temperature relation are proportionate. That is, the density is inversely proportional to temperature.
based on the six given solvents, which of the following answers lists all of the solvents that are not suitable for liquid-liquid extraction of an aqueous layer? 1. n-pentane 2. dimethyl sulfoxide 3. hexanes 4. dichloromethane 5. toluene 6. isopropanol
The solvents that are not suitable for liquid-liquid extraction of an aqueous layer are 1. n-pentane, 3. hexanes, and 6. isopropanol.
Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) is a separation process that is commonly used in the laboratory to separate and purify a solvent-containing dissolved solute mixture. Liquid-liquid extraction may be utilized to segregate an aqueous solution containing one or more organic solutes from a complex mixture of organic solutes or to remove a neutral substance from an acidic or basic aqueous solution. The process entails dissolving a compound or compounds from one solvent into another and then separating the newly formed two-phase system.
The solvents that are not suitable for liquid-liquid extraction of an aqueous layer are as follows:
1. n-pentane 3. hexanes 6. isopropanol
The following solvents are suitable for liquid-liquid extraction of an aqueous layer:
2. dimethyl sulfoxide 4. dichloromethane 5. toluene
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Zinc metal reacts with copper(II) sulfate solution according to the following equation:
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Determine the maximum mass of copper that can be deposited when 1.20 g of zinc is
added to 50.0 cm
3 of 2.00 x 10-1 mol dm-3
copper(II) sulfate solution.
The mass of copper produced is 0.635 g from the question that has been asked here.
What is the stoichiometry of a reaction?Stoichiometry is the study of the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It involves the use of balanced chemical equations to determine the ratios of reactants and products in a reaction.
We can see that the reaction equation is;
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Number of moles of Zn = 1.2g/65 g/mol
= 0.018 moles
Number of moles CuSO4 = 50/1000 * 0.2
= 0.01 moles
Then;
Since the reaction is 1:1
0.01 moles of CuSO4 will produce
0.01 mol * 63.5 g.mol
= 0.635 g
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A sample of oxygen, O 2 , occupies 32. 2 mL at 30 °C and 452 torr. What volume will it occupy at –70 °C and the same pressure?
Answer:
21.58 mL
Explanation:
this is Charles' law
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Temperature must be in Kelvin
V2= V1 X T2 / T1
32.2 x203.15 / 303.15
dont need pressure since its the same.
1)To conduct electricity, a solution must contain.
*nonpolar molecules.
*polar molecules.
*ions
*free electrons
2)The particles in............ can be separated from heterogeneous mixtures by passing the mixture through a filter.
*suspension
*solution
*colloid
*pure substance
3)match
1.solutions
2.colloids
3.suspensions
-larger than 1000 nm
-1 nm to 1000 nm
-smaller than 1 nm
Explanation:
1 sodium must contain free eelctron cuz electricity is created due to flow of electron
2 suspension
1. To conduct electricity, a solution must contain ions and free electrons.
2. The particles in a suspension can be separated from heterogeneous mixtures by passing the mixture through a filter.
3. Solutions - Smaller than 1 nm
Colloids - 1 nm to 1000 nm
Suspensions - Larger than 1000 nm
In a solution, ions can be present when an ionic compound dissolves and dissociates into its constituent ions. These ions can move freely within the solution, allowing for the conduction of electricity.
Free electrons are not bound to any specific atom and are able to move through the material, facilitating the flow of electric current.
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which solid particles are dispersed in a liquid or gas medium.
Solutions contain particles that are smaller than 1 nanometer (nm) in size. Colloids consist of particles that range in size from 1 nm to 1000 nm. Suspensions contain particles that are larger than 1000 nm in size.
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What does a horizontal line on a position-time graph indicate about the object?(1 point)
A horizontal line on a position-time graph indicates that the object is not moving; its position is not changing.
What is a position-time graph?A position-time graph is a type of graph used to show the change in the position of an object over time. It is typically a line graph with the x-axis representing time and the y-axis representing position.
The slope of the line corresponds to the speed of the object, while the area under the line represents the total distance traveled by the object.
Furthermore, the velocity of an object is represented by the slope of a location graph. Hence, the slope's value at a given instant corresponds to the object's velocity at that precise moment.
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1.30 grams of H₂ are reacted with an excess of N₂ to produce 4.21 grams of NH3-
3H₂ + N2 → 2NH3
What was the percent yield for ammonia in this reaction?
A-27.40%
B-28.80%
C-57.50%
D-62.60%
What information is conveyed in 2H2SO4 ?
displacement reaction
please make me brainalist and keep smiling dude
which is the most common useful element in fertilizer?
Modern chemical fertilizers include one or more of the three elements that are most important in plant nutrition: nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Of secondary importance are the elements sulfur, magnesium, and calcium.
Answer: The most common useful element in fertilizer is mostly nitrogen since it is also found in air
Why do clouds form behind a cold front and ahead of a warm front?
Clouds form behind a cold front and ahead of a warm front because of the difference in temperature and moisture between the two air masses.
When a cold front, which is an area of colder air, meets a warm front, which is an area of warmer air, the colder air forces the warmer air to rise. As the warmer air rises, it cools and the moisture in the air condenses to form clouds. This process is called adiabatic cooling.
Similarly, when a warm front meets a cold front, the warmer air rises over the colder air and cools, forming clouds. However, because the warm air is less dense than the cold air, it rises more slowly and the clouds that form are typically less dense and less likely to produce precipitation.
In both cases, the difference in temperature and moisture between the two air masses leads to the formation of clouds. This is why we often see clouds forming behind a cold front and ahead of a warm front.
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Can somebody help me please
TRNA binds to mRNA codon 5'-AUG-3' through complementary base pairing, carrying methionine.
What is tRNA and its function?Transfer RNA, also known by the acronym tRNA and formerly known as soluble RNA (sRNA), is an adaptor molecule made of RNA that, in eukaryotes, usually has a length of 76 to 90 nucleotides[2]. It acts as the physical connection between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins. tRNAs from bacteria usually have shorter genomes (mean = 77.6 bp) than those from archaea and eukaryotes (mean = 83.1 bp and 84.7 bp, respectively).
The mature tRNA exhibits the reverse trend, with eukaryotes having the smallest mature tRNAs (median = 74.5 nt), while tRNAs from bacteria are typically longer (median = 77.6 nt) than tRNAs from archaea (median = 76.8 nt).
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A chemist titrates 190 ml of. 2412 nitrous acid solution with. 377 M KOH solution. Calculate the ph at equivalence. The pKa of nitrous acid is 3. 35
The equivalency solution has a pH of 2.624.
What is the procedure for making nitrous acid?Nitrous acid is frequently created by adding a mineral acid to aqueous sodium nitrite solutions. Typically, acidification is carried out at ice-cold temperatures, and HNO2 is consumed on-site. Nitrous acid in its free form is unstable and breaks down quickly.
In a neutralization process, weak nitrous acid (HNO2) reacts with strong basic KOH.
HNO2 + KOH → KNO2 + H2O
Then, we determine how many moles of KOH were used:
volume KOH x concentration equals moles KOH. KOH
moles KOH = 0.190 L x 0.377 mol/L
moles KOH = 0.07153 mol
Next, we calculate the initial concentration of HNO2:
concentration HNO2 = moles HNO2 / volume HNO2
concentration HNO2 = 0.07153 mol / 0.190 L
concentration HNO2 = 0.3765 M
[HNO2] = 0.5 x 0.3765 M
[HNO2] = 0.1883 M
The following equation can be used to model how nitrous acid dissociates in water:
HNO2 + H2O ⇌ H3O+ + NO2-
The following equation relates the pKa to the acid dissociation constant, Ka, for this reaction:
pKa = -log Ka
So we can find the Ka value from the given pKa:
pKa = -log Ka
3.35 = -log Ka
Ka = 10⁻³
Ka = 4.47 x 10⁻⁴
The relationship shown below is true for the concentrations of the species involved at equilibrium:
Ka = [H3O+][NO2-] / [HNO2]
Ka = [H3O+][NO2-] / [HNO2]
Ka = [H3O+] [HNO2]
Solving for [H3O+], we get:
[H3O+] = Ka / [HNO2]
[H3O+] = (4.47 x 10⁻⁴) / (0.1883 M)
[H3O+] = 0.002374 M
Finally, we can calculate the pH of the solution:
pH = -log[H3O+]
pH = -log(0.002374)
pH = 2.624
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Write a dissociation equation for how calcium chloride dissociates in water
CaCl 2(aq)→Ca 2+(aq)+2Cl −(aq) is a dissοciatiοn equatiοn fοr hοw calcium chlοride dissοciates in water.
What is reactiοn?A chemical reactiοn is the transfοrmatiοn οf οne οr mοre chemicals, knοwn as reactants, intο οne οr mοre new cοmpοunds, knοwn as prοducts. The change in cοncentratiοn οf any οf the reactants οr prοducts per unit οf time can be used tο determine the rate οr speed οf a reactiοn. It is determined by the equatiοn rate=time + cοncentratiοn.
What is dissοciate iοn?When dissοlved in water, the lattice οf an iοnic crystal disintegrates. When an iοnic sοlid substance dissοlves, dissοciatiοn—the separatiοn οf iοns—οccurs. Iοnic substances that are placed in water will break apart intο a pοsitive iοn and a negative iοn, a prοcess knοwn as electrοlytic dissοciatiοn οr iοnic dissοciatiοn. Iοnizatiοn is a term used tο describe this kind οf dissοciatiοn respοnse. Iοnizatiοn is the name οf the reactiοn, while electrοlytic sοlutiοns are the results.
Therefοre,
CaCl 2(aq)→Ca 2+(aq)+2Cl −(aq) is a dissοciatiοn equatiοn fοr hοw calcium chlοride dissοciates in water.
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Prussian Blue is a vibrant, blue pigment that has been used for centuries.
Prussian Blue has a molecular formula of Fe(CN)18. What is Prussian Blue's
molar mass? Show all work to receive full credit. (5 pts)
Answer:
524.21 g/mol
Explanation:
The molar mass of a compound is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in its chemical formula. The molecular formula of Prussian Blue is Fe(CN)18.
The atomic mass of iron (Fe) is 55.85 g/mol. The atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 g/mol and the atomic mass of nitrogen (N) is 14.01 g/mol. So the molar mass of the CN group is 12.01 g/mol + 14.01 g/mol = 26.02 g/mol.
Since there are 18 CN groups in one molecule of Prussian Blue, the total contribution of the CN groups to the molar mass of Prussian Blue is 18 × 26.02 g/mol = 468.36 g/mol.
So the molar mass of Prussian Blue is 55.85 g/mol + 468.36 g/mol = 524.21 g/mol.
Compare the ways in which igneous and metamorphic rocks form. Include examples in your answer. (6 marks QWC)
Answer:
Igneous and metamorphic rocks are two of the three major types of rocks found on Earth, with the third being sedimentary rocks. Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten magma or lava, while metamorphic rocks are formed from the transformation of existing rocks due to high temperature and pressure.
The formation of igneous rocks begins when magma or lava cools and solidifies. Magma is molten rock that is located beneath the Earth's surface, while lava is magma that has erupted onto the surface. When magma or lava cools and solidifies, it forms igneous rocks. There are two types of igneous rocks: intrusive and extrusive. Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools and solidifies slowly beneath the Earth's surface, while extrusive igneous rocks form when lava cools and solidifies quickly on the Earth's surface. Examples of igneous rocks include granite, basalt, and pumice.
In contrast, the formation of metamorphic rocks occurs when existing rocks are transformed due to high temperature and pressure. Metamorphism can occur when rocks are buried deep within the Earth's crust, or when they are subjected to high pressure and temperature due to tectonic activity. The transformation of existing rocks can result in the formation of new minerals, textures, and structures within the rocks. Examples of metamorphic rocks include marble, slate, and gneiss.
In conclusion, the formation of igneous and metamorphic rocks differ in terms of their origin and formation process. Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten magma or lava, while metamorphic rocks are formed from the transformation of existing rocks due to high temperature and pressure. While both types of rocks can be found in various locations around the world, they differ in their properties, appearance, and composition.
Explanation: