A 550. 0 mL sample of gas at 40. 0 °C and 895 torr is transferred to a second vessel where the temperature is 0. 0 °C and the pressure is 745 torr. What is the volume of the second vessel?

There is a production of 59.14 grammes of water vapour and 65.85 grammes of nitrogen monoxide.

A. The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of ammonia with excess oxygen to form nitrogen monoxide and water gas is:

4 NH₃ (g) + 5 O₂ (g) → 4 NO (g) + 6 H₂O (g)

According to the equation, for every 4 moles of ammonia, 4 moles of nitrogen monoxide and 6 moles of water gas are produced. To calculate the number of grams of each product produced, we need to find the number of moles of ammonia in the sample:

Molar mass of NH₃ = 14.01 g/mol + 3(1.01 g/mol) = 17.04 g/mol

Number of moles of NH₃ = 37.4 g / 17.04 g/mol = 2.19 mol

Using the mole ratio from the balanced equation, we can calculate the number of moles of each product:

Number of moles of NO = 4/4 x 2.19 mol = 2.19 mol

Number of moles of H₂O = 6/4 x 2.19 mol = 3.28 mol

To find the mass of each product, we can use their molar masses:

Molar mass of NO = 30.01 g/mol

Molar mass of H₂O = 18.02 g/mol

Mass of NO produced = 2.19 mol x 30.01 g/mol = 65.85 g

Mass of H₂O produced = 3.28 mol x 18.02 g/mol = 59.14 g

Therefore, 65.85 grams of nitrogen monoxide and 59.14 grams of water gas are produced.

B. The amount of heat transferred during this reaction can be calculated using the formula:

q = CΔT

where q is the amount of heat transferred, C is the heat capacity of the calorimeter, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the calorimeter.

From the problem, we are given:

C = 952 J/°C

ΔT = 1750°C - 22.9°C = 1727.1°C

Substituting the values, we get:

q = (952 J/°C) x (1727.1°C) = 1.64 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex] J

Therefore, the amount of heat transferred during this reaction is 1.64 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex] J.

C. The change in enthalpy for the reaction can be calculated using the equation:

ΔH = q/n

where q is the amount of heat transferred, and n is the number of moles of ammonia that reacted.

From part A, we know that 2.19 moles of ammonia reacted. Substituting the values, we get:

ΔH = (1.64 x [tex]10^{6}[/tex] J) / 2.19 mol = 748,858 J/mol = 748.9 kJ/mol

Therefore, the change in enthalpy for the reaction is 748.9 kJ/mol ammonia.

D. The change in enthalpy is not equal to the change in internal energy for this reaction because the bomb calorimeter is a constant volume calorimeter, which means that no work is done during the reaction (Δw = 0). Therefore, the change in enthalpy (ΔH) equals the change in internal energy (ΔU) plus the work done (Δw) by the system:

ΔH = ΔU + Δw

Since Δw = 0 for the bomb calorimeter, ΔH = ΔU.

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Answer: 108.09 g

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of methane is:

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of CH4 produces 2 moles of H2O.

So, 3 moles of CH4 will produce:

3 moles CH4 × 2 moles H2O / 1 mole CH4 = 6 moles H2O

To find the mass of 6 moles of H2O, we need to use the molar mass of H2O, which is:

2 × (1.008 + 15.999) = 18.015 g/mol

So, the mass of 6 moles of H2O is:

6 moles H2O × 18.015 g/mol = 108.09 g

Therefore, 3 moles of CH4 will produce 108.09 g of H2O.

The reactor needs to process 2,488,076 m³/hour of ethylene to remove 0.8219 metric tons/day of acetylene. The reactor design will depend on the specifics of the plant, such as the available space, pressure and temperature requirements, and the desired efficiency of the process.

To remove 1% acetylene from 1.5 million metric tons per year of ethylene, we need to calculate the flow rate of ethylene and acetylene. Let's assume that the ethylene stream contains 2% acetylene, so we need to remove 1% of 2%, which is 0.02%.

1.5 million metric tons per year of ethylene is equivalent to 4,109.59 metric tons per day. To calculate the flow rate of acetylene, we multiply the flow rate of ethylene by the concentration of acetylene:

Acetylene flow rate = 4,109.59 metric tons/day x 0.02% = 0.8219 metric tons/day

Now we can use the given information about the catalyst to design a reactor. The weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) is defined as the weight of reactants per hour per weight of catalyst. We can use the following equation to calculate the required weight of catalyst:

WHSV = (Weight of reactants per hour) / (Weight of catalyst)

Weight of catalyst = (Weight of reactants per hour) / WHSV

Since we know the WHSV and the acetylene flow rate, we can calculate the required weight of ethylene per hour:

Weight of ethylene per hour = (Weight of acetylene per hour) / (0.9 × 0.5 × WHSV)

Weight of ethylene per hour  [tex]=\frac{(0.8219)}{(0.9*0.5*800*24)} = 1,368.94[/tex] metric tons/hour

Assuming a density of 0.55 kg/L for ethylene, the volumetric flow rate of ethylene is:

Volumetric flow rate of ethylene = Weight of ethylene per hour / (Density of ethylene x 1000 L/m³)

Volumetric flow rate of ethylene [tex]= \frac{(1,368.94)}{(0.55 * 1000)} = 2,488,076[/tex] m³/hour

This indicates that in order to remove 0.8219 metric tons of acetylene per day, the reactor must process 2,488,076 m³/hour of ethylene each hour. The reactor design will be determined by the characteristics of the facility, including the amount of space available, the necessary pressure and temperature, and the desired process efficiency. Based on these variables, the catalyst weight and reactor size will need to be determined.

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the complete question is:

Acetylene is formed as a by-product in the manufacture of ethylene. It is removed by selective hydrogenation using noble metal catalysts (see for example US 7453 017). A particular catalyst achieves 90% acetylene saturation with 50% hydrogen selectivity for acetylene at a weight hourly space velocity of 800 h-1 based on ethylene Design a reactor to remove 1% acetylene from ethylene in a plant that produces 15 million metric tons per year of ethylene using this catalyst.

A brachiopod is the type of fossil found at Station 1. Trilobites are the type of fossil found at Station 2. A gastropod is the type of fossil found at Station 3. A crinoid is the type of fossil found at Station 4. Ammonites are the type of fossil found at Station 5.

As index fossils, brachiopods are used to specify and categorise geologic periods. They are also used to study ecological changes, such as those that occurred 500 million years ago during the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.

They have two valves or shells, which are frequently made of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate). The lophophore, which is a coiled feeding apparatus in brachiopods, is shielded by the valves on it.

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Inconsistencies between my reconstruction of events and the official version of events: None. All evidence found at the scene, as well as the autopsy results, support my reconstruction of the insurrection crime.

Reconstruction is a period in American history during the late 19th century when the nation worked to rebuild itself after the Civil War. During this time, the nation transformed its political and economic landscape, with the federal government playing a major role in the process of rebuilding the country.

Step 1: The intruder entered the outer office of the military installation and was confronted by the guard. The intruder was carrying a handgun and fired upon the guard, killing him instantly. Evidence of this is the gunshot wound to the head and the presence of a projectile from the handgun found in the guard’s skull.
Step 2: The intruder then entered the inner office and was confronted by the second guard. The intruder fired upon the second guard, killing him as well. Evidence of this is the gunshot wound to the head and the presence of a projectile from the handgun found in the second guard’s skull.
Step 3: The intruder then proceeded to the innermost office where he was met by the commanding officer of the installation. The intruder fired upon the officer, killing him. Evidence of this is the gunshot wound to the head and the presence of a projectile from the handgun found in the officer’s skull.
Step 4: The intruder then proceeded to the armory and stole several weapons, including a semi-automatic rifle and a machine gun.
Step 5: The intruder then exited the installation and fled the scene. Evidence of this is the presence of the stolen weapons and the lack of any other suspects.
Step 6: The soldiers reported the crime and the autopsy results confirmed the cause of death for each victim.

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The addition of 1.25 g of sodium formate increases the pH of the solution by 2.12 units.

To calculate the change in pH, we need to determine the new concentrations of the formic acid and its conjugate base after the addition of the sodium formate. We can then use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate the new pH.

First, let's calculate the initial concentration of formic acid:

0.50 M = moles of formic acid / 0.027 L

moles of formic acid = 0.50 x 0.027 = 0.0135 mol

Now, we need to calculate the concentration of formate ion (HCOO-) after adding 1.25 g of sodium formate (HCOONa) to the solution. Since sodium formate dissociates completely in water, the number of moles of formate ion added will be the same as the number of moles of sodium formate:

moles of HCOO- = moles of NaHCOO = 1.25 g / (68.01 g/mol) = 0.0184 mol

Next, we can calculate the new concentrations of formic acid and formate ion:

[ HCOOH ] = (0.0135 mol) / (0.027 L) = 0.5 M

[ HCOO- ] = (0.0135 mol + 0.0184 mol) / (0.027 L) = 1.15 M

Now, we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate the new pH:

pH = pKa + log([ HCOO- ] / [ HCOOH ])

pKa = -log(Ka) = -log(1.8 x 10^-4) = 3.74

pH = 3.74 + log(1.15 / 0.5) = 3.74 + 0.40 = 4.14

Therefore, the change in pH is:

ΔpH = 4.14 - 2.02 = 2.12

So, the addition of 1.25 g of sodium formate increases the pH of the solution by 2.12 units.

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people's personal views about infectious diseases can have serious negative consequences for public health, including a decreased likelihood of following public health guidelines, the spread of misinformation etc.

People's personal views about infectious diseases can have a negative effect on public health in several ways:

Ignoring public health guidelines: Some individuals may not take infectious diseases seriously or may believe that they are not at risk, which can lead them to ignore public health guidelines such as wearing masks, practicing physical distancing, or getting vaccinated.

Spreading misinformation: Individuals with personal views about infectious diseases that are not based on scientific evidence may spread misinformation to others, causing confusion and fear.

Stigmatization: People's personal views about infectious diseases may also lead to the stigmatization of certain groups or communities, such as those who have contracted the disease or those who are perceived to be at higher risk.

Inadequate treatment: Personal views about infectious diseases may also affect individuals' decisions about seeking medical care or complying with treatment regimens.

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True. Mixing aqueous solutions of Na2S (sodium sulfide) and MgCl2 (magnesium chloride) will result in the formation of a solid precipitate, which is MgS (magnesium sulfide).

This is because the reaction between Na2S and MgCl2 produces MgS, which is insoluble in water and forms a solid precipitate. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

Na2S (aq) + MgCl2 (aq) → MgS (s) + 2 NaCl (aq)

So, the net ionic equation for the reaction is:

Mg2+ (aq) + S2- (aq) → MgS (s)

Therefore, a solid precipitate of MgS will be formed when aqueous solutions of Na2S and MgCl2 are mixed.

When Na2S and MgCl2 are mixed in water, they dissolve and dissociate into their respective ions, which are Na+, S2-, Mg2+, and Cl-. The Na+ and Cl- ions remain in solution as they do not react with each other. However, the Mg2+ and S2- ions react to form a precipitate of MgS because magnesium sulfide is insoluble in water.

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The pressure of the oxygen at 60°C and a volume of 0.39 dm³ is 3.5 × 104 nm-².

To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law, which relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas:

(P1 x V1) / T1 = (P2 x V2) / T2

where P1, V1, and T1 are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature of the gas, and P2, V2, and T2 are the final/absolute pressure, volume, and temperature.

We are given the following:

Initial pressure P1 = 1.01 × 105 nm-² (nanometers squared)

Initial volume V1 = 0.15 dm³

Initial temperature T1 = 60°C = 333 K

Final volume V2 = 0.39 dm³

Final temperature T2 = 60°C = 333 K

We need to find the final pressure P2.

Plugging these values into the combined gas law, we get:

(P1 x V1) / T1 = (P2 x V2) / T2

(1.01 × 105 nm-² x 0.15 dm³) / 333 K = (P2 x 0.39 dm³) / 333 K

Simplifying this equation, we get the following:

P2 = (1.01 × 105 nm-² x 0.15 dm³ x 333 K) / (0.39 dm³ x 333 K)

P2 = 3.5 × 104 nm-²

Therefore, the pressure of the oxygen at 60°C and a volume of 0.39 dm³ is 3.5 × 104 nm-².

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The empirical formula of Sample R0103 is [tex]C_{12}H_{24}O_6[/tex].

This is the molecular formula for a type of sugar called sucrose, which is commonly found in fruits, vegetables, and honey. It is a disaccharide, which Sucrose, a type of sugar that is found naturally in plants and is used as a sweetener in food and beverages. It is made up of 12 Carbon atoms, 24 Hydrogen atoms and 6 Oxygen atoms.The R0103 formula is an empirical formula used to calculate the amount of energy released in a given reaction. The formula uses the known energy content of the reactants and products to predict the energy released. The amount of energy released is determined by the difference between the energy content of the products and the energy content of the reactants.

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The amount of energy released would be 1917.96 kJ.

We can start by calculating the number of moles of methane used up in the reaction:

Number of moles = mass / molar mass

molar mass of CH4 = 12.01 + 4(1.01) = 16.05 g/mol

Number of moles = 38.0 g / 16.05 g/mol = 2.37 mol (rounded to two decimal places)

Next, we can calculate the total energy released by the combustion of this amount of methane:

Energy released = energy released per mole x number of moles

Energy released = 808 kJ/mol x 2.37 mol = 1917.96 kJ (rounded to two decimal places)

Therefore, if you used up 38.0 g (or 2.37 mol) of methane in 5 minutes, you would have released approximately 1917.96 kJ of energy.

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Without more information, it is not possible to answer this question. Points may be awarded for a variety of reasons, such as completing a task, achieving a goal, or winning a competition.

Variety is the state of having different forms, types, or ideas. It is a concept that can refer to a wide range of different things, from different cultures and ethnicities to different types of art and music. Variety can be seen in nature, as different species of animals and plants exist in different climates and ecosystems. Variety can also be found in the workplace, as different people bring different skills and perspectives to a job. Variety can also refer to different daily experiences, such as trying out different foods and activities. Variety is an important part of life, as it helps to bring variety to one's life and can help keep things interesting. Variety promotes creativity, as it encourages people to try new things and explore different options. Ultimately, variety adds spice to life and can help keep one's life interesting and enjoyable.

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The Mylar material likely got hotter than the other packs due to its thermal properties, which can cause it to absorb and retain heat more readily.

Mylar is a type of polyester film known for its high reflectivity and low thermal conductivity, which can make it effective at insulating and reflecting heat. However, if exposed to a heat source, Mylar may absorb and trap more of that heat, causing it to become hotter than other materials in the same environment. Other factors, such as the position and duration of exposure to the heat source, may also contribute to the temperature difference.

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(a) Disinfectant particles gain energy, break intermolecular forces, and evaporate.(b) Hands feel cooler.(c) Moisturiser has a higher boiling point.

(a) As per the motor molecule hypothesis, all particles are in steady movement. At the point when a hand sanitiser containing sanitizer synthetic compounds vanishes, the particles of the sanitizer gain energy from the environmental factors and move quicker, breaking the intermolecular powers keeping them intact. This outcomes in the particles getting away very high and vanishing.(b) As the particles in the hand sanitiser gain energy and dissipate, they retain heat from the environmental elements, remembering the skin for your hands. This outcomes in the vibe of a cooler inclination on the hands while utilizing hand sanitisers.(c) Lotions are normally comprised of bigger particles with more grounded intermolecular powers than sanitizer synthetics. This implies that lotions have a higher limit than sanitizer synthetic substances. Consequently, the cream is supposed to have a higher edge of boiling over than the sanitizer close by sanitisers. Blending lotions in with sanitizer synthetics close by sanitisers can assist with diminishing the results of dry, disturbed skin by saturating the skin and saving it damp for a lengthy timeframe.

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Answer:

Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, or natural gas, release carbon back into the atmosphere.

The processes would be decomposition, diffusion, erosion, respiration, and combustion.

Explanation:

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The number of moles of ethanol after equilibrium is reached the second time is 11 moles.

Initial moles of ethene equal 34 and initial moles of water vapor equal 15

100 L is the volume of the container. To express the chemical equation for ethanol formation

CH₂ + H₂O ⇄ CH₃CH₂OH ----- ( 1 )

at Equilibrium : 34-x 15-x x

Given that :

Equilibrium moles of ethene = 24

Eq moles of water vapor = 5

solve for x

x = 10

the expression of Kc for equation 1

The concentration of [ H₂O ] = 5 / 10 = 0.05 M

Kc = 0.1/ 0.24 × 0.05

= 8.3

Assuming that equilibrium is restored after the addition of 11 moles of ethene

CH₂ + H₂O ⇄ CH₃CH₂OH

At equilibrium : 35-x 5-x 10+x

[ H₂O ] = ( 5-x ) / 100

solve for x using the expression for Kc

x = 50.9 , 1.1

we neglect the value of 50.9

therefore x = 1.1

moles of ethanol = 10 + 1.1 = 11

So, we can deduce that there are 10 + 1.1 = 11 moles of ethanol when equilibrium is attained a second time.

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The complete question is

While ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is produced naturally by fermentation, e.g. in beer- and wine-making, industrially it is synthesized by reacting ethylene (CH2CH2) with water vapor at elevated temperatures. A chemical engineer studying this reaction fills a 100. L tank at 21. °C with 34. mol of ethylene gas and 15. mol of water vapor. He then raises the temperature considerably, and when the mixture has come to equilibrium determines that it contains 24. mol of ethylene gas and 5.0 mol of water vapor. The engineer then adds another 11. mol of ethylene, and allows the mixture to come to equilibrium again. Calculate the moles of ethanol after equilibrium is reached the second time. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.

a) Carbon dioxide can be dissolved in the blood on the right side of heart.

b) Carbon dioxide

c) Oxygen-rich blood flows from the lungs to the left atrium.

8)  Circular Motion

9)Valves

10. Ventricular septum

11)  Higher altitudes have fewer oxygen molecules per volume of air.

One carbon atom is covalently double linked to two oxygen atoms in each of the compounds that make up carbon dioxide, which has the molecular formula CO2. At ambient temperature, it exists as a vapour.

In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide serves as a greenhouse gas because it captures infrared energy despite being invisible to visible light. It has increased from pre-industrial values of 280 ppm to a minor gas in the Earth's atmosphere at 421 parts per million (ppm), or approximately 0.04% by volume (as of May 2022).

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Explanation:

To prepare 50 mL of a 1 M NaCl solution, you will need 2.92 grams of NaCl.


1. Determine the molar mass of NaCl. The molar mass of NaCl is 58.44 g/mol.

2. Use the formula M = n/V to determine the number of moles of NaCl needed. In this case, M = 1 M, V = 50 mL (or 0.05 L), and n is the number of moles we need to find.

3. Rearrange the formula to solve for n: n = M × V

4. Plug in the values for M and V: n = 1 M × 0.05 L = 0.05 mol

5. Use the molar mass of NaCl to convert moles to grams:

0.05 mol × 58.44 g/mol = 2.92 g

6. Therefore, you will need 2.92 grams of NaCl to prepare 50 mL of a 1 M NaCl solution.

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The percentage of the quinine in the tablet is 3.43 %. This is calculated using the mass and concentration of quinine.

The volume of the solution in which the tablet is dissolved is 1.000 L

The fluorescence intensity of the first sample is 448

The fluorescence intensity of the second sample is 525

The fluorescence intensity indicates how much light or photon is emitted. It is defined as the extent of emission and it depends on the concentration of the excited fluorophore. It is created by the absorption of energy by fluorescent molecules called fluorophores.

The concentration of the standard solution is 50 ppm.

The volume of the standard solution is 10.0 ml.

The volume of the aliquot is 20.00 ml.

The mass of the tablet is 4.236 g.

From all these value we get the concentration of  the aliquot is. 145.45 ppm.

The mass in milligram of quinine in the tablet is 145 mg.

The mass in milligram of quinine in the tablet is calculated as shown below

The mass in milligram of quinine in the tablet is 0.145 g.

The percentage of quinine in the tablet is calculated as shown below,

 = 0.145 g quinine / 4.236 g tablet * 100%

 = 3.43%

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The complete question is,

The determination in Problem 15-9 was modified to use the standard-addition method. In this case, a 4.236-g tablet was dissolved in sufficient 0.10 M HCl to give 1.000 L. Dilution of a 20.00-mL aliquot to 100 mL yielded a solution that gave a reading of 448 at 347.5 nm. A second 20.00-mL aliquot was mixed with 10.0 mL of 50-ppm quinine solution before dilution to 100 ml. The fluorescence in tensity of this solution was 525. Calculate the percentage of quinine in the tablet.

Problem:

Quinine in a 1.664-g antimalarial tablet was dissolved in sufficient 0.10 M HCL to give 500 mL of solution. A 20.00-mL aliquot was then diluted to 100.0 mL with the acid. The fluorescence intensity for the diluted sample at 347.5 nm provided a reading of 245 on an arbitrary scale. A standard 100-ppm quinine solution registered 125 when measured under conditions identical to those for the diluted sample. Calculate the mass in milligrams of quinine in the tablet.

Answer: To calculate the maximum mass of iron that can be recovered, we need to know the percentage of iron in the ore and the efficiency of the extraction process. Read the explanation.

Explanation: Let's assume that the ore contains 50% iron and that the extraction process is 80% efficient. This means that for every 100 kg of ore processed, we can extract 40 kg of iron (50% of 80 kg). To find the maximum mass of iron that can be recovered from 10.0 kg of ore, we can use the following calculation:

Maximum mass of iron = (percentage of iron / 100) x (efficiency / 100) x mass of ore

Maximum mass of iron = (50 / 100) x (80 / 100) x 10.0 kg

Maximum mass of iron = 4.0 kg

Therefore, if the ore contains 50% iron and the extraction process is 80% efficient, the maximum mass of iron that can be recovered from 10.0 kg of ore is 4.0 kg.

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the amount of zinc needed to react with 8.45 moles of hydrochloric acid is 4.225 moles.

To solve this problem, we will use the given balanced equation and the molar ratio of reactants and products:

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

Molar ratio: 1:2 (zinc to hydrochloric acid)

Therefore, the amount of zinc needed to react with 8.45 moles of hydrochloric acid is 4.225 moles.

Since the molar mass of zinc is 65.38 g/mol, the mass of zinc needed to react with 8.45 moles of hydrochloric acid is 4.225 moles x 65.38 g/mol = 276.21 g of zinc.

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Answer:

To solve the problem, we need to convert the given quantity of AlBr to grams of Br₂ using the given molar ratios:

70.6 g AlBr * (1 mole AlBr / 266.68 g AlBr) * (3 moles Br₂ / 2 moles AlBr) * (159.80 g Br₂ / 1 mole Br₂) = 94.3 g Br₂

Therefore, 94.3 g of Br₂ are required.

The color of the new bonds that form between a solute and solvent depends on the specific solute and solvent involved, as well as the nature of the bonding between them, and it may or may not result in a visible color change.

The color of the new bonds that form between the solute and solvent depends on the specific solute and solvent involved, as well as the nature of the bonding between them. In general, the formation of new bonds between a solute and solvent may not necessarily result in a visible color change.

However, there are some cases where the formation of new bonds can result in a change in color. For example, in the case of transition metal complexes, the formation of new coordination bonds between a transition metal ion and a ligand can result in a change in color due to the absorption of light by the metal-ligand complex.

This is known as a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) or metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition, and the resulting color change can be used to identify and quantify the complex.

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Exercise 1. To balance the number of electrons, we multiply the oxidation half-reaction by 5 and the reduction half-reaction by 1:

5Fe₂+ → 5Fe₃⁺ + 5e⁻

MnO₄⁻ + 8H⁺ + 5e⁻ → Mn₂⁺ + 4H₂O

We can combine the two half-reactions and cancel out the electrons. Finally, we balance the equation by adding water molecules and hydrogen ions (H+) as needed to balance the oxygen and hydrogen atoms:

The balanced equation is:

MnO₄⁻ + 8H⁺ +5Fe₂ → Mn₂⁺ + 4H₂O + 5Fe₃⁺

To balance the number of electrons, we multiply the oxidation half-reaction by 6 and the reduction half-reaction by 1:

6H₂S → 6S + 12H⁺ + 12e⁻

Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 14H⁺ +  6e⁻ → 2Cr₃⁺ + 7H₂O

We can combine the two half-reactions and cancel out the electrons.

Finally, we balance the equation by adding water molecules and hydrogen ions (H+) as needed to balance the oxygen and hydrogen atoms:

The balanced equation is:

Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 14H⁺ + 6H₂S → 2Cr₃⁺ + 7H₂O + 6S

Exercise2.

1. The anode is where oxidation occurs, and the cathode is where reduction occurs. In this case, Al is a stronger reducing agent than Cu, so Al will undergo oxidation and Cu will undergo reduction. Therefore, the anode is the Al electrode, and the cathode is the Cu electrode.

2. Electrons flow from the anode to the cathode in a galvanic cell.

3. The symbolic representation of the galvanic cell is:

Al(s) | Al₃⁺(aq) || Cu₂⁺(aq) | Cu(s)

4. The two half equations and the balanced equation are:

Oxidation half-reaction (anode): Al(s) → Al₃⁺(aq) + 3e-

Reduction half-reaction (cathode): Cu₂⁺(aq) + 2e- → Cu(s)

Overall balanced equation: 2Al(s) + 3Cu₂⁺(aq) → 3Cu(s) + 2Al₃⁺(aq)

5. The salt bridge is used to maintain charge neutrality in the two half-cells by allowing the flow of ions between them. As the electrons flow from the anode to the cathode, positively charged Al₃⁺ ions build up in the anode compartment, and negatively charged SO₄²⁻ ions build up in the cathode compartment. The salt bridge allows the movement of SO₄²⁻ ions from the cathode compartment to the anode compartment to balance the charges.

6.The EMF of the cell can be calculated using the formula:

EMF = E0(cathode) - E0(anode) = 0.34V - (-1.67V) = 2.01V

7.  Q = It = (1 A)(3600 s) = 3600 C

The number of moles of electrons transferred can be calculated from the stoichiometry of the balanced equation:

2Al(s) + 3Cu₂⁺(aq) → 3Cu(s) + 2Al₃⁺ (aq)

2 moles of Al will react for every 3 moles of Cu2+ reduced.

From the mass change of the cathode, we can calculate the number of moles of Cu reduced using its molar mass:

molar mass of Cu = 63.55 g/mol

change in mass of Cu = 0.192 g

moles of Cu reduced = (0.192 g)/(63.55 g/mol) = 0.0030 mol

Therefore, the number of moles of Al oxidized is:

moles of Al oxidized = (2/3)(0.0030 mol) = 0.0020 mol

Finally, the change in mass of the anode can be calculated using the molar mass of Al:

molar mass of Al = 26.98 g/mol

change in mass of Al = (0.0020 mol)(26.98 g/mol) = 0.054 g

Therefore, the variation in the anode's mass is 54 mg (rounded to the nearest mg).

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The correct answer is "D - All of the above will dissolve in 1M HNO3". Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), barium sulfate (BaSO4), and silver bromide (AgBr) all dissolve in 1M HNO3 solution.

This is because the nitric acid (HNO3) is a strong acid that dissociates completely in solution and is able to break down the ionic compounds of MgCO3, BaSO4, and AgBr. The correct answer is "D - All of the above will dissolve in 1M HNO3". Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), barium sulfate (BaSO4), and silver bromide (AgBr) all dissolve in 1M HNO3 solution.

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Plane of symmetry is a plane through a crystal that divides the crystal into two parts that are mirror images of each other.

Enantiomers are a pair of stereoisomers that is the mirror image of the other, but may not be superimposed on this other stereoisomer.

Enantiomers have properties that make them unique to their mirror images. One of these properties is that they cannot have a plane of symmetry or an internal mirror plane i.e. cannot be divided into two identical and opposite halves.

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