Answer:
Normal faults and reverse faults are two types of faults that occur in the Earth's crust. The main difference between these two faults is the direction of the movement of the hanging wall and the footwall. In a normal fault, the hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall. In contrast, in a reverse fault, the hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall. This difference in movement can be used to easily tell normal and reverse faults apart. Additionally, normal faults tend to occur in areas where the Earth's crust is being pulled apart, whereas reverse faults tend to occur in areas where the Earth's crust is being compressed or pushed together.
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Reviewing Key Concepts: Major Evolutionary Milestones
Answer:
Porifera Sponges - Multicellular
Cnidaria Jellies- True tissues
Platyhelminthes Flatworms
Bilateral symmetry, Cephalization, Triploblastic
Nematoda Round Worms - Body Cavity
Mollusca Mollusks - Body Cavity, Nervous systems, Messenteries
Annelida True Worms - Segmentation, Specialization of gut areas
Arthropoda Buggity Bugs - Jointed appendages, Highly developed cephalization
Echinodermata Sea(stars, urchins, cucumbers) -Deuterostome development
Chordata and Subphylum Vertebrata - Internal skeletal support
Agnatha - Endoskeleton, Cranium
Chondrichthyes - Jaws, Paired fins
Osteichthyes - Calcified bones, Lateral lines
Amphibia - Supportive limbs, Double loop circulation, Lungs, Tympanum
Reptilia - Amniotic egg, Watertight skin, Alveoli, Heart with ventricular septum
Aves - Endothermy, Feathers, Hard shelled egg, Flight adaptations
Mammalia -Mammary glands, Highly developed brains
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Major Evolutionary Milestones are:
4.6 Billions years ago (BYA) - origin of Earth3.5 BYA= first life exist2.1 BYA= Eukaryotes exist1.2 BYA= Multicellular life occurs0.6 BYA= first animals occur0.5 BYA= Life move on land0.02BYA= Human beings occurIt is generally accepted that the Major Evolutionary Milestones of contemporary humans from our archaic ancestor involves four main stages:
Developing territorialityBipedalismA huge brain (encephalization)Civilization.These are the Hadean (4.6–4 billion years ago), Archean (2.5–4 billion years ago), Proterozoic (2.5–541 million years ago), and Phanerozoic (4.4–4.6 billion years ago) (541 million years ago to the present).
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how are mutation and sexual reproduction involved in creating and maintaining variation in a population
Answer:
Mutation and sexual reproduction are two essential processes that contribute to creating and maintaining variation in a population.
Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation in a population. It is a random process that generates new alleles or genetic variations in an organism's DNA. Mutations can arise due to various factors such as exposure to radiation, chemicals, or errors during DNA replication. These mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral, and they can change the physical traits of an individual.
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes from two parents to produce offspring that inherit traits from both parents. The process involves the mixing and recombination of genetic information from each parent, resulting in a unique combination of genes in the offspring. Sexual reproduction can introduce new genetic variations into the population and shuffle existing genetic variations, resulting in an increase in genetic diversity.
Both mutation and sexual reproduction work together to create and maintain genetic variation in a population. Mutations provide the raw material for genetic variation, while sexual reproduction shuffles and recombines this variation. The combination of these two processes leads to the creation of unique genetic combinations, which can help populations adapt to changing environmental conditions and evolve over time.
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