7.Explain the bonding in carbon tetrachloride, CCl4—specifically, explain whether it’s covalent or ionic.

Unstable atoms usually are very large atoms with a big nucleus, this configuration sometimes gives the atoms this unstable characteristic, which is why they decay so fast (some will decay in a matter of milliseconds), and radioactive decay is a way that atoms can find to become more stable, in this type of process, particles (alpha and beta decay) and energy (gamma decay), can be emitted from an atom in order to reach stability, therefore the best option is the 3rd option

[tex]$$\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_3(y)+\mathrm{O}_2(q) \rightarrow \mathrm{CO}_2(q)+\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\text { I })$$[/tex]

[tex]\begin{tabular}{l|l}$C=2$ & $C=1$ \\$H=6$ & $H=2$ \\$O=2$ & $0=3$\end{tabular}[/tex]

First balance carbon then balms oxygen and followed by hydrogen through adding odd number Infront  of the reactant and product.

[tex]$$2\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_3(y)+7\mathrm{O}_2(q) \rightarrow 4\mathrm{CO}_2(q)+6\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}(\text { I })$$[/tex]

[tex]\begin{tabular}{l|l}$C=4$ & $C=4$ \\$H=12$ & $H=12$ \\$O=14$ & $0=14$\end{tabular}[/tex]

Stoichiometry as the calculation of products and reactants in a chemical response. It is fundamentally concerned with numbers. Stoichiometry is an critical concept in chemistry that makes a difference us utilize adjusted chemical conditions to calculate sums of reactants and products. Here, we make utilize of proportions from the adjusted condition. In common, all the responses that take put are subordinate on one primary figure, how much substance is present. Stoichiometry makes a difference us determine how much substance is required or is present.

Stoichiometry helps us determine

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We are asked to predict a reaction having two solids as reactants. The reaction occurs in the solid phase. Initially the elements are in their natural state, so they will have an oxidation state equal to 0.

This is a combination reaction, so the product will be a combination of aluminum and sulfur.

When combined, aluminum has an oxidation state of +3, this means that it gives up its electrons. Sulfur has an oxidation state of -2. The resulting product will be aluminum sulfide (Al2O3). so, the reaction will be:

We must balance the equation.

Let's start with sulfur. We multiply each sulfur-containing molecule by its opposite. In other words, we multiply the S8 molecule by 3 and we multiply the S3 molecule by 8.

And to balance the aluminum we must multiply the aluminum molecule by 16. So, the balanced equation will be:

So, the answer, in summary, will be:

We obtain a product with the formula Al2O3. Al is an ion with a charge of +3, and S is an ion with a charge of -2.

- The numbers are called subscripts which is the total atoms of the elements present in a compound.

- The subsripts can change depending on the type of compound.

The subcripts in a chemical compounds allow us to us know or determine the total atoms of such element that is present in the compound. For instance, in H2O (water), the subscript 2 in H2O shows that there 2 atoms of hydrogen in the compound (H2O).

They numbers differs depending on the type of compound. For instance O2 is oxygen while O3 is ozone

Answer:

The total change in energy is -183 kJ/mol, and the reaction is exothermic.

Explanation:

1st) To calculate the total change in bond energy, it is necessary to calculate the energy of the broken bonds (in the reactants side) and the energy of the formed bonds (in the products side):

• Energy of broken bonds:

H-H: 1 x 432 = 432 kJ/mol

Cl-Cl: 1 x 239 = 239 kJ/mol

Total energy of broken bonds = 432 kJ/mol + 239 kJ/mol

Total energy of broken bonds = 671 kJ/mol

• Energy of formed bonds:

H-Cl: 2 x 427 = 854 kJ/mol

Total energy of formed bonds = 854 kJ/mol

2nd) Now to calculate the total change in bond energy, we have to subtract the Total energy of broken bonds minus the total energy of the formed bonds:

Total change in energy = Total energy of broken bonds - Total energy of formed bonds

Total change in energy = 671 kJ/mol - 854 kJ/mol

Total change in energy = -183 kJ/mol

Finally, the total change in energy is -183 kJ/mol, and the negative sign means that the reaction is exothermic, because

Answer: The total change of the energy is -183 kJ/mol

Explanation:

The way I would calculate the total change in the bond energy in the following steps:

- To calculate the whole change in the bond energy. By calculating the energies of the broken bonds and then the energy of the formed bonds.

-132 kJ/mol + 239 kJ/mol = a total of 671 kJ/mol broken bonds.

-H-CI: 2 x 427 = 854 kJ/mol

-Second to calculate the change in the bond energy we now need to subtract the total energy of the broken bond from the total energy of the formed bonds.

-Change in energy = 671 kJ/mol - 854 kJ.mol

-The total change of the energy is -183 kJ/

- Having the negative, therefore, means the reaction is exothermic.

First, we need the reaction to start the exercise.

HCOOH(aq) + H2O(l) = H3O+(aq) + HCOO-(aq)

HCOOK => HCOO- + H+

------------------------------------------------------------------------

pH)

We have here an ionic equilibrium, HCOOH is a weak acid.

pKa = 3.77 (from tables)

The concentration of HCOOH 0.3 M

The concentration of HCOO- = 0.52 M HCOOK.

If we propose Ka for HCOOH(aq)

We clear (H3O+) and we apply -log and we get this:

Answer: pH = 4.01

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

pOH)

pH + pOH = 14

(This formula appears from the ionic equilibrium of water)

pOH = 14 - 4.01 = 9.99

Answer: pOH= 9.99

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The volume can be measured by the displacement method and by the use of dimensions.

The term volume has to do with the space that is occupied by a substance. Thus we know that a solid has a definite volume and a definite shape while a liquid has a definite volume but does not have a definite shape. On the other hand, the gases does not have a definite shape or a definite volume.

In this case, we are staying with the volume of a solid object because this is what have been implied by the question that we have before us here.

There are two ways that we can use to obtain the volume of an object and these two methods are;

1) By calculation:  In this method, the dimensions of the object is measured and the volume of the object can be obtained from the dimensions of the object.

2) By displacement method: This involves a situation, in which a give volume of water is measured and then the object is added and the volume of the water that is displaced is measured and then taken as the volume of the object.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to get the class of lipids that the given substances belong to

These substances are formed from glycerol and fatty acids

From their make up,we know that they are simple lipids

Thus, the answer here is simple

The total entropy that a pure material would accumulate upon warming from absolute zero (where S=0) to the specific temperature is the absolute entropy of that substance at that temperature.

What is entropy?

One of the key ideas that students studying physics and chemistry need to grasp with clarity is entropy. More importantly, entropy has multiple definitions and can be used in a variety of contexts, including the thermodynamic stage, cosmology, and even economics. Entropy is a notion that mostly discusses the spontaneous changes that take place in commonplace phenomena or the universe's propensity for chaos.

Determination in terms of heat capacity​

The third rule of thermodynamics has two significant ramifications: it establishes a constant reference point that enables us to measure the absolute entropy of any substance at any temperature, and it specifies the sign of the entropy of any substance at temperatures above absolute zero as positive. We look at two different approaches to calculating S for a reaction or a physical change in this section.

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Answer

The weight/weight % of solute = 5.3%

Explanation

Given

Mass of solute (potassium nitrate) = 4.87 g

Volume of solvent (water) = 86.4 mL

Density of water = 1.00 g/mL

Required: Weight/weight% of the solute

Solution

Step 1: Covert the volume of water to mass

mass = density x volume

mass = 1.00 g/mL x 86.4 mL

mass = 86.4 g

Step 2: Calculate the weight/weight % of the solute

Mass % solute = [mass of solute/(mass of solute + mass of solvent)] x 100

Mass % solute = 4.87g/(4.87 + 86.4)

Mass % solute = 5.3%

A solid has an identifiable shape and volume. A liquid has a fixed volume and an ill-defined shape. A gas has an undefined shape and a fixed volume.

A solid is something that has a specific shape and volume. The definition of a liquid is something that has a fixed volume but no fixed shape. A gas is described as something that has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume.

A solid has a distinct volume and shape, a liquid has a distinct volume but no distinct shape, and a gas lacks both.

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We are going to assume that the gas behaves like an ideal gas, so we can apply the following equation:

Where,

P is the pressure of the gas in atm

V is the volume of the gas in liters, 2600mL=2.6L

n is the number of moles

R is a constant, 0.08206atm.L/mol.K

T is the temperature in Kelvin, 33.0°C=306.15K

Now we need to find the moles of O2 to plug into the equation. We divide the grams by the molar mass of O2. The molar mass of O2 is 31.9988g/mol.

We substitute the values in the ideal gas equation:

Now, we convert the atm to mmHg:

Answer: The pressure of the gas is 1033mmHg

The wavelength in nm of light emitted when an electron transitions from n = 8 to n = 2 state is 38900nm.

It is given that the electron transition took place from n = 8 to n = 2. To find the wavelength, the following formula is to be used:

1/λ = R(1/n²₁ - 1/n²₂)

Here, n₁ = 2 n₂ = 8 and R = 109677. Therefore,

1/λ = 109677(1/2² - 1/8²)

1/λ = 109677(1/4 - 1/64)

1/λ = 109677((16-1)/64)

1/λ = 109677((15)/64)

1/λ = 0.234375 x 109677

1/λ = 25,705.5469

λ = 1/25,705.5469

λ = 3.89 x 10⁻⁵cm

λ = 38900 x 10⁻⁹m

λ = 38900nm

Therefore, the wavelength in nm from n=8 to n=2 transition is 38900nm

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Answer: They serve as proof that an established and documented work can be verified, repeated, and reproduced.

Explanation: Reproducibility and research integrity are essential tenets of every scientific study and discovery. They serve as proof that an established and documented work can be verified, repeated, and reproduced. New knowledge in biomedical science is built on the shoulders of established and proven principles.

Answer:

Evidence of accuracy

Explanation:

it creates new opportunities for insights and facilitates innovation in terms of scientific knowledge.

Answer:

Explanation:

Here, we want to select the correct option

We evaluate each of the options as follows:

a) Boiling

It is a state that occurs when the vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure for liquid substances

b) Evaporation

Evaporation occurs when liquid substances change directly into the gaseous state

c) Melting is the change from the solid state to the liquid state

d) Sublimation is the direct change of a substance from the solid to the vapor state. We can see this in iodine and naphthalene

The two indicators given are there to absorb water or moisture. So when the indicator is totally pink it means it has been used to its total potential.

By heating the indicator, this can evaporate the water from the indicator, thus restoring it. This means that the indicator will go back to its blue color and it can be re-used.

So the two changes caused by heating:

1. Indicator changes color back to blue.

2. Water is evaporated from the indicator.

There are 2.04*10^-4 moles of hydrogen.

To start the calculation it is necessary to use the molar mass of glycine:

- Glycine molar mass: 75.08 g/mol.

From the formula of glycine, we know that in 75.08g of glycine, there are 5 moles of hydrogen. So, in 3.06*10^-3g of glycine will be another amount of hydrogen, and we can calculate it with a mthematical Rule of Three:

So, there are 2.04*10^-4 moles of hydrogen in 3.06*10^-3g of glycine.

The correct formula of zinc phosphate is Zn₃(PO₄)₂.

Chemical formula is a notation indicating the number of atoms of each element present in a compound.

The chemical or molecular formula shows the type of atoms of an element in a chemical compound and the number of each atoms in the element.

Zinc phosphate is a compound that possess the following elements:

This means that the chemical formula of zinc phosphate will show the number of atoms of zinc, phosphorus and oxygen present in the compound.

Therefore, this means that the chemical formula of the compound is Zn₃(PO₄)₂.

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Answer:

D. 2 and 3 only.

Explanation:

First let's remember the Le Chatelier's Principle: Le Chatelier's principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium shifts to counteract the change to reestablish equilibrium.

Let's see the reaction:

You can note that this reaction is exothermic. If we want the equilibrium to move to the left, we have to increase the temperature. In this case, we don't want that because we want to increase the concentration of NH3 and this means that the equilibrium goes to the right, so we have to decrease the temperature.

In the case of pressure, if we want to reach the equilibrium to the right, where is NH3, we have to increase the pressure because the pressure will move in such a way as to decrease the pressure again.

The answer would be D. 2 and 3 only.

ANSWER

8 moles of water

EXPLANATION

The major products formed when an organic compound undergo combustion reaction are water and carbon dioxide

Below is the combustion formula

In the question above, 4 moles of methane reacts with oxygen

Therefore, 4 moles of methane will give 8 moles of water

Answer:

1. 30 neutrons

2. 26 electrons

Explanation:

The number of neutron = mass - #protons = 56 - 26 = 30

The number of electrons = #protons = 26

2 brome butane

it has 4 C atoms therefor we know it is a butan-- and the brome is placed in the second carbone so that gives the answer 2 brome butane

Answer:

To solve this problem we use the ideal gas equation:

Where:

P is the pressure of the gas

V is the volume of the container (395 L)

n is the number of moles present (215 mol)

R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L.atm/mol.K)

T is the temperature of the gas (1110 K)

So to calculate the pressuere we have to use the equation and the data:

So the answer is 49.6 atm.

ANSWER

STEP-BY-STEP EXPLANATION

According to the pH scale, the pH can range from 0 to 14, and the lower the pH, the more acidic the solution is, the same goes if the pH is higher, the solution will be basic. These two informations are based on the neutral value of pH, which is 7. Letter B is the answer

The molecular equation of the reaction of sulfuric acid and aqueous potassium hydroxide:

H₂SO₄ (aq)  + 2 KOH (aq)  →   K₂SO₄ (aq)  +  2H₂O (l)  

The net ionic equation is:

2H⁺ (aq)  +  2OH⁻ (aq) [tex]\longrightarrow[/tex] 2H₂O (l)

The net ionic equation of a reaction can be described as an equation that expresses only those elements, compounds, or ions that directly contributed in that chemical reaction.

The balanced chemical equation reaction of sulfuric acid and aqueous potassium hydroxide:

H₂SO₄ (aq)  + 2 KOH (aq)  →   K₂SO₄ (aq)  +  2H₂O (l)  

The complete ionic equation for the above reaction can be written as follows:

2H⁺ (aq) + SO²₄⁻ (aq)  +  2K⁺(aq)  + 2OH⁻ →  2K⁺ (aq) + SO₄²⁻ (aq)  + 2H₂O (l)

In the ionic equation, the potassium and sulfate ions appear unchanged on both sides of the equation. When we mix the two solutions, the potassium and sulfate ions do not participate in the reaction. So potassium and sulfate ions can be eliminated from the ionic equation.

2H⁺ (aq)  +  2OH⁻ (aq) [tex]\longrightarrow[/tex] 2H₂O (l)

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Answer

The hydrogen ion concentration, [H⁺] is 3.327 x 10⁻⁵ M

The hydroxide ion concentration [OH⁻] is 3.01 x 10⁻¹⁰ M

The solution is acid.

Explanation

pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. A pH of less than 7 indicates acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the solution.

Since pH of the solution is 4.478, then it means the solution is acid.

The hydrogen ion concentration, [H⁺] of the solution can be calculated using the pH formula.

Substituting pH as 4.478 into the formula, we have

The hydrogen ion concentration, [H⁺] is 3.327 x 10⁻⁵ M

The relation between the hydrogen ion concentration, [H⁺] and hydroxide ion concentration [OH⁻] is

So, substituting [H⁺] as 3.327 x 10⁻⁵ M, we have:

Hence, the hydroxide ion concentration [OH⁻] is 3.01 x 10⁻¹⁰ M

The charge of 10,325,500 coulombs is needed to produce 53.5 mol of solid zinc.

The coulomb is the unit of electric charge in the International System of units and is represented by 'C'. In the S.I., it is equal to the electric charge delivered by a 1-ampere constant current in 1 second and to elementary charges, about 6.2×10¹⁸ e.

The coulomb in terms of the ampere and second can be described as 1 C = 1 A × 1 s. The SI base units fixed the numerical value of the elementary charge expressed in coulombs.

Solid zinc can be formed by chemical reactions:

Zn²⁺  +  2e⁻   →  Zn (s)

One mole of zinc is produced by using two moles of electrons.

One mole of electrons is equal to one faraday electricity.

Then, the total electrons required = 2×53.5 = 107 F

The charge (in coulombs) on one mole of electrons = 96500 C

Amount of charge required to form zinc = 96500 × 107 = 10,325,500 C

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Answer

number of moles = 0.171 mol

Explanation

Given

Volume of oxygen = 4.0 L

Temperature = 37 °C = 310 K

Pressure = 110 kPa = 1.08562 atm

we know R = 0.082 L.atm.k/mol

Required: number of moles

Solution

To solve this problem, use the ideal gas law

PV = nRT

n = PV/RT

n = (1.08562 x 4.0 L)/(0.082 L.atm.k/mol x 310 K)

n = 0.171 mol

According to the Planck's equation,the total energy of 2.3×10¹¹ photons of gamma radiation is 11.7208×10[tex]^-3[/tex] J.

Max Planck discovered the theory which stated that energy is transferred in the form of discrete packs which are called quanta and thus proposed an equation called the Planck's equation which relates energy and frequency of a photon and is given as, E=hcυ or in terms of wavelength it is ,E=hc/λ.

The equation makes use of a constant which is called the Planck's constant and it's value is 6.626×10[tex]^-34[/tex] Js.

In the given problem, the energy is calculated as, E=6.626×10[tex]^-34[/tex]×3×10⁸/3.9×10[tex]^-12[/tex]=5.096×10[tex]^-14[/tex] J.

Thus,for 2.3×10¹¹ photons it is 5.096×10[tex]^-14[/tex] ×2.3×10¹¹ =11.7208×10[tex]^-3[/tex] J.

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