3. What is the SI unit for volume?

The difference in synthesis reaction and decomposition reactions is that a synthesis reaction occurs when two or more simple chemicals combine to create a more complex result. One reactant produces two or more products in a decomposition reaction , is a another type of chemical reaction.

The comparison of synthesis reaction and decomposition reactions is explained as ,

As two of the most significant categories of chemical reactions to take place in nature is synthesis and decomposition reaction have significant scientific importance. The breaking of chemical bonds between atoms to form new atomic arrangements is referred to as a chemical reaction. Reactants are the atoms or combinations of atoms that participate in a chemical reaction, while products are the newly produced compounds. All chemical processes that take place in biological systems can be divided into four groups: synthesis processes, breakdown processes, exchange processes, and reversible processes.

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There are 5 postulates in Dalton's atomic theory.

1. All the matter is made up of atom, they are tiny and indivisible.

2. All atoms in an element posses same properties ,mass and size but  different atom have different size and masses .

3. Atoms cannot be Sub-divided ,destroyed or can be created.

4. Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements merge with each other in a whole number ratio.

5. It can be rearranged, combined or separated by chemical reaction.

Dalton's atomic theory is on the nature of matter. He states that all matter is made up of atom and it is the smallest fundamental unit. it cannot be created or destroyed. it can be converted from one form to the other. its limitations are it does not talks about sub-atomic particles. It does not account isotopes and isobars.

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535 mL of 0.7 M SrCl2 solution needs 2.77 liters of 0.270 m NaF solution to react completely.

The amount of a solute per unit volume of a solution, or the concentration of a chemical species in a solution, is expressed as a solute's molar concentration. The number of moles per liter, denoted by the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm³ in SI units, is the most often used unit denoting molarity in chemistry.

The balanced equation:

SrCl₂ (aq) + 2NaF (aq) ⟶ SrF₂ (s) + 2NaCl (aq)

The number of moles of SrCl₂ present is:

= 0.535 L × 0.700 mol L⁻¹

= 0.3745 moles

The number of moles NaF needed to react is:

[tex]=0.3745 {~} \text{mol} {~}SrCl_{2} \times \frac{2{~}\text{mol}{~}NaF}{\text{mol}{~}SrCl_{2}}[/tex]

= 0.749 mol NaF

Therefore, the volume of NaF is:

[tex]( x {~}\text{L} ) \times 0.270 {~}mol {~}L^{-1} = 0.749{~} moles[/tex]

[tex]x=\frac{0.749 \text{mol}}{0.270{~} \text{mol}{~}L^{-1}}[/tex]

[tex]x=2.77{~}\text{L}[/tex]

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48.64 grams of oxygen are required to react with 14.0 grams of octane (C₈H₁₈) in the combustion of octane in gasoline.

To find the oxygen required, the given data's are:

Mass of octane = 14 grams.

Octane is a hydrocarbon which burns in gasoline in presence of oxygen.

According to the given balanced chemical equation,

C₈H₁₈ + 25/2O₂ → 8CO₂ +9H₂O or

2C₈H₁₈ + 25O₂------> 16CO₂ + 18H₂0

At first to find the moles of octane,

Molar mass of octane = 114.2 g/mol,

The mole of octane can be calculated as,

Moles = grams / Molar mass

          = 14g / 114.2 g/mol

          = 0.122 mol.

The moles of octane is 0.122 mol.

Using mole ratio from the balanced equation to find moles of O₂,

The mole ratio of octane and O₂ is 2 : 25. Let us use this as a conversion factor.

0.122 mol C₈H₁₈ × ( 25 mol O2/ 2 mol C₈H₁₈)

= 0.122 × 12.5

= 1.525 mol

We have 1.525 mol O₂.

Now, Converting moles of O₂ to grams,

The molar mass of O₂ is 32 g/mol.

The grams of O₂ can be calculated as,

1.525 mol × 32 g/mol = 48.64 grams.

48.64 grams of oxygen are required.

Hence, 48.64 grams of oxygen are required to react with 14.0 grams of octane ( C₈H₁₈ ) in the combustion of octane in gasoline.

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The mass of the remaining excess reactant after 32.5 g of KO₂ and 27.9 g of H₂O react is 22.5 g and the excess reactant is KO₂.            

The balance chemical reaction is:

    4KO₂(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 4KOH(s) + 3O₂(g)

List of given data:

Given Mass of KO₂ = 32.5 g

Given Mass of H₂O = 27.9 g

Molar Mass of KO₂ = 71.0 g

Molar Mass of H₂O = 18.0 g

To calculate the number of moles-

Number of moles =     Given mass    

                                       Molar mass

a) moles of KO₂ =    32.5     moles = 0.45 mol

                                  71.0

b) moles of H₂O =   27.9   moles = 1.55 mol

                                 18.0

KO₂ is the limiting reactant, since it gives smaller amount of KOH and H₂O is the excess reactant as  it is the only other reactant.

To calculate the mass of remaining excess reactant KO₂,

The mass of excess reactant used up,

Using Molar ratio-

1.55 mol H₂O x 4 mol KO₂ = 3.1 mol KO₂

                         2 mol H₂O

3.1 mol KO₂ x 71.0 g KO₂ =  55.0 g KO₂

                       4 mol KO₂

we start with-

32.5 g of KO₂ and using up 55.0 g

Mass of excess reactant KO₂ = 55.0 g - 32.5 g

                                                 = 22.5 g

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If the final temperature of the water is 28.1 °c, then the identity of metal is Ag.

What is Ag metal?

With the atomic number 47 and the symbol Ag (from the Latin argentum, which is derived from the Proto-Indo-European h2er: "bright" or "white"), silver is a chemical element. It is the highest electrical, thermal, and reflectivity of all metals, and it is a soft, white, lustrous transition metal.

The Latin argentum and Sanskrit argunas, both meaning "bright," are where the word "Ag" originates. Even in the Stone Age, silver was used. Silver use dates back at least 5000 years, according to archeological findings.

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The pressure in a 20.4 l cylinder filled with 0.682 mol of nitrogen gas at 324 k  is 0.889 atm.

The force exerted perpendicular to an object's surface per unit area across which that force is spread is known as pressure (symbol: p or P).445 Gauge pressure, sometimes written gauge pressure, is the pressure in relation to the surrounding air pressure.

Pressure is expressed using a variety of units. Some of these come from dividing a unit of force by a unit of area; the standard unit of pressure in the imperial and U.S. customary systems is the pound-force per square inch (psi), which is equivalent to one newton per square meter (N/m2) in the SI.

using the ideal gas formula:-

[tex]p = \frac{nRT}{V}[/tex]

   = [tex]\frac{ 0.682 mol * 0.0821 L .atm.K^{-1 }mol^{-1} * 324k }{20.4}[/tex]

   =0.889 atm

The pressure in a 20.4 l cylinder filled with 0.682 mol of nitrogen gas at 324 k  is 0.889 atm.

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The quantity of heat released when when 15.7 g of benzene in the liquid phase at 50.0 °c is converted to solid benzene at 2.0 °c. molar mass of benzene is 11.37708 KJ.

Energy = nCp,liquid(T,bp - T₁) + nΔH + nCp,gas(T₂ - T,bp)

where

n is the number of moles

T,bp is the boiling point of benzene at 80.1°C

Cp,liquid = 134.8 J/mol·°C

Cp,gas = 82.44 J/mol·°C

ΔH = 87.1 J/mol

Energy = (3.12 moles)(134.8 J/mol·°C)(80.1°C - 75.1°C) + (3.12 moles)(87.1 J/mol) + (3.12 moles)(82.44 J/mol·°C)(115.1°C - 80.1°C)

Energy = 11,377.08 J

It smells pleasant and is quite combustible. Benzene swiftly disappears into the atmosphere. Its vapor can descend into low-lying locations since it is heavier than air. Benzene floats on top of water and barely slightly dissolves in it.

One of the fundamental petrochemicals, benzoene is a component of crude oil that occurs naturally. Benzene is categorized as an aromatic hydrocarbon because of the cyclic continuous pi bonds that exist between the carbon atoms. PhH is a common abbreviation. The stench near gas stations is partly caused by benzene, a colorless, extremely combustible chemical that has a sweet scent.

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Determine the mass of a third element, if present, from the mass of its oxide produced in the combustion.

The molecular formula shows the number of atoms that are present in a compound. We know that there are three formulas that could be used to show a substance and they are;

The empirical formula

The molecular formula

The structural formula

Hence, the incorrect step in determining the molecular formula of the compound is; Determine the mass of a third element, if present, from the mass of its oxide produced in the combustion.

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When the experiment is performed with 0.35g of potassium, less hydrogen gas is created, which has an impact on the volume of gas produced.

What are the properties of potassium?

A silvery-white metal, potassium is malleable enough to be easily sliced with a knife. Within a few of seconds, potassium metal combines quickly with ambient oxygen to produce flaky, white potassium peroxide.

Potassium metal is a good conductor of heat and electricity, is soft and white with a silvery luster, and has a low melting point. A flame colored with potassium has a lavender hue, and its vapour is green. With 2.6 percent of the mass of the crust's mass, it is the eighth most common element there.

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Reduce Vehicle Emissions decrease the amount of CO2 being removed from the atmosphere

Many of us drive cars every day, which are one of the greatest sources of CO2 in our environment. With a share of 31% of all emissions, this is the second-largest source of carbon dioxide produced in the US. However, this is not simply restricted to personal vehicles; anything that has an engine powered by gasoline or diesel contributes to this issue.

Limiting the quantity of CO2 your own car emits is the best personal solution to this problem. To make all of your journeys a little less wasteful, choose a hybrid or gas-efficient car. Additionally, carpool with colleagues or acquaintances, or whenever possible, take public transit to reduce the automobiles moving through the streets.

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automobiles moving through the streets.

Answer:

See below.

Explanation:

Since energy is released when bonds form, the process of burning food can be explained through exothermic reactions. We use food as a resource to obtain energy through calories, where the chemicals that makeup food result in endothermic reactions to fulfill our dietary needs. As a result, that energy MUST be released since energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Therefore, it must come out as the bonds are broken (usually hydrogen bonds during the process of cellular respiration). While calories are being burned, energy is released, causing bonds to break and resulting in exothermic reactions.

Some compounds can be seen under uv light becasue they are inherently fluorescent and usually glow brightly.

What are fluorescent compounds?

the light that a material emits when exposed to photons of a different wavelength. When exposed to UV radiation, a fluorescent object frequently emits visible light. The fluorescent properties of some deep sea fish and fireflies are examples of fluorescence in nature.

When a substance passes through fluorescence, it emits light after having absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. B2 emits a yellow colour while fluorescing. Tonic water glows blue because it contains quinine. Benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, coumarins, vitamins like cyanocobalamine, fluorene, and pentacene are examples of fluorescent materials.

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The molarity of the Ba(NO₃)₂ solution is 0.188 M

Determination of the molarity of Ba(NO₃)₂

We'll begin by calculating the amount of mole of in 3.046 g of precipitate, Ba₂SO₄

Molar mass of Ba₂SO₄ = (2×137) + 32 + (4×16) = 370 g/mol

Mass of Ba₂SO₄ = 3.046 g

Mole of Ba₂SO₄ =?

Mole = mass /molar mass

Mole of Ba₂SO₄ = 3.046 / 370

Mole of Ba₂SO₄ = 0.008 mole

Next, we shall determine the amount of mole of Ba(NO₃)₂ required to produce 0.008 mole of Ba₂SO₄

Na₂SO₄(aq) + Ba(NO₃)₂(aq) —> Ba₂SO₄(s) + 2NaNO₃(aq)

From the balanced equation above,

1 mole of Ba(NO₃)₂ reacted to supply 1 mole Ba₂SO₄.

Therefore,

0.008 mole of Ba(NO₃)₂ also will react to produce 0.008 mole of Ba₂SO₄

Thus, 0.008 mole of Ba(NO₃)₂ is required for the reaction.

Finally, we shall determine the molarity of the Ba(NO₃)₂ solution

Mole of Ba(NO₃)₂ = 0.008 mole

Volume = 42.53 mL

= 42.53 / 1000

= 0.04253 L

Molarity of Ba(NO₃)₂ =?

Molarity = mole / Volume

Molarity of Ba(NO₃)₂ = 0.008 / 0.04253

Molarity of Ba(NO₃)₂ = 0.188 M

Molarity (M) is that the amount of a substance in a certain volume of solution. Molarity is defined because the moles of a solute per liters of a solution. Molarity is additionally known as the molar concentration of a solution

Molarity is how chemists measure the concentration of an answer , allowing them to relate concentrations to at least one another when calculating chemical reactions and working with chemical solutions. a degree is what chemists use to refer to the amount of substance dissolved into a given amount of solution

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If a beaker of water is mixed with BTB, the colour of water will turn to yellow to determine the presence of carbon dioxide in the water.

What kind of chemical is Bromothymol Blue (BTB) ?

A pH indicator is bromothymol blue. It is frequently used to determine whether carbonic acid is present in a liquid, which is one application where it is necessary to measure chemicals that would have a pH that is quite neutral. The sodium version of the acid indicator is usually offered in solid form.

It displays acids and bases by changing color, making bromothymol blue a pH indicator. Bromothymol blue changes color when an acid or base (such as sodium sulfite) is added. It becomes yellow when an acid is added. A neutral color is green (like water).

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Molecular size: Molecules that are heavier than others move more slowly.

Temperature: The energy in the medium changes depending on whether the temperature is rising or falling, which has an impact on molecular movement.

Density: The harder it is for molecules to travel through a solution, the slower diffusion will be owing to density.

Distance: Diffusion is unable to transport nutrients and waste products efficiently enough to support life if the distance these substances must travel is too great.

What is diffusion?

Diffusion is the term for the net movement of anything, often from a location of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. A gradient in the chemical potential or Gibbs free energy is what drives diffusion.

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10 milliliters of a stock solution of 10.0 M HNO3 would be used to prepare 0.500 L of 0.200 M HNO3

Let M1 and V1 represent the concentration and volume of the stock solution, M2 and V2, respectively, and M1 and V1 represent M2 and V1, the concentration and volume of the diluted solution.

As a result, using the dilution formula, we get:

M1V1=M2V2.

Given information: M1=10 M.

V1=?

M2=0.2 M.

V2=500 ml.

To find V1 as shown below, we replace all the values in the formula above.

V1=M2V2/M1

V1=(0.2)(500)/10

=10 ml.

Hence To obtain the aforementioned concentration, the stock solution must be diluted by 10 ml.

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Effects of carbon monoxide partial pressures on the synthesis of medium chain fatty acids and methanogenesis during the fermentation of ethanol is to sustained electron and carbon donor for fatty acid elongation.

What is methanogenesis?

Methane is the end product of metabolism and is produced by methanogenesis, an anaerobic respiration. Organic matter, such as glucose, is oxidized to CO2 in aerobic respiration, and O2 is reduced to H2O. H2 is oxidized to H+ while CO2 is converted to CH4 during hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, in contrast.

The major goal of this research was to ascertain whether increasing the formation of acetate or MCFA during the fermentation of ethanol would result from inhibiting methanogenesis by adding CO continuously.

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4 half-lives should have elapsed if 6. 25% of the parent isotope remains in an exceeding fossil at the time of analysis.

What are parent-isotope?

Parent isotopes are the isotopes of a specific chemical element that can undergo radioactive decay to form a different isotope from a different chemical element. During this decay, these isotopes release decay particles like alpha, beta, and gamma rays.

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All the masses of the elements are determined relative to 12C. Since many elements have a number of isotopes, chemists use average atomic mass. On the periodic table the mass of carbon is reported as 12.011 amu.

The triple-alpha process, which creates carbon-12 in stars, accounts for its abundance, which accounts for 98.93% of the element carbon on Earth. Carbon-12 (12C) is the more abundant of the two stable isotopes of carbon (carbon-13 is the other). Since carbon-12 is used as the reference point to calculate the atomic masses of all other nuclides, its atomic mass is 12 daltons by definition, which makes it particularly significant. Six protons, six neutrons, and six electrons are found in carbon-12.

A resonant, excited, spinless form of carbon-12 is known as the Hoyle state. In 1954, Fred Hoyle predicted that it would exist. It is created using the triple-alpha process.

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At neutral pH, both H-indictor and OH-indicator will co-exist in an equilibrium, so the color will be a mixture of the two.

Acid base indicators are generally weak protolytes that change color in solution according to the pH.

The acid-base equilibrium of a weak acid type of indicator, i.e., H-indicator in water can be expressed as-

            HI + H₂O ⇄ H₃O⁺ + I⁻

The acid, HI, and conjugate base, I⁻, have different colors. The equilibrium expression for this process is

             K = [I⁻] [H₃O⁺]

                         [HI]

This can be expressed in logarithmic form :

            pH = pK + log [I⁻]

                                    [HI]

Now, from the equation it can be predicted whether the indicator is in its acid or base form depending on the pH.

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In the redox reaction that is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase, the oxidizing agent of this reaction is NAD+ and the reducing agent is lactic acid.

The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test examines for signs of injury to the body's tissues. LDH is an enzyme located in almost every cell of your body, including your blood, muscles, brain, kidneys, and pancreas. The enzyme depends on sugar into energy. The LDH test estimates the amount of LDH in your blood or other body fluid.

LDH delivers lactic acid as an end outcome through a fermentation reaction. In the process, LDH releases electrons from NADH and makes NAD+, which is channelized in the glycolysis pathway to produce ATP.

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option (b) is correct .

The ph at the equivalence point is 7 for a weak acid-strong base titration.

There is no hydrolysis in the case of titration of a strong acid with a strong base (or strong base with strong acid), and the solution pH is neutral - 7.00 (at 25°C). The weak acid salt hydrolysis determines the pH at the equivalence point in the case of titration of a weak acid with a strong base.

The weak acid salt hydrolysis determines the pH at the equivalence point in the case of titration of a weak acid with a strong base. That means we must first determine the pK b of the conjugated base and calculate the concentration of OH, and then apply the pH=14-pOH formula.

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Liquid sodium is being considered as an engine coolant.  709,415.58 g.

The chemical element sodium has the atomic number 11 and the letter Na, which derives from the Latin natrium. It is a malleable, silvery-white, and extremely reactive metal. In group 1 of the periodic table, sodium is an alkali metal. Only 23Na is a stable isotope of it. It is necessary to prepare the free metal from compounds because it does not exist in nature.

Numerous minerals, including feldspars, sodalite, and halite, include sodium, which is the sixth most prevalent element in the Earth's crust (NaCl). Since the Earth's minerals have been slowly leached of their sodium ions over eons by the action of water, many salts of sodium are very water soluble. As a result, sodium and chlorine are the most prevalent dissolved elements by weight in the oceans.

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The most negative electron affinity is most likely associated with small nonmetal atoms.

Electron affinity is the amount of energy released when an electron is added to an isolated gaseous atom.

When the first electron is added to a neutral atom, the electron affinity is positive. However, when a second electron is added to an anion, the electron affinity becomes positive due to the repulsion of electrons.

The electron affinity of non-metals is greater than metals because non-metals gain electrons whereas metals accept an electron. Due to this, electron affinity increases from left to right in a period.

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Answer:    Water molecules make hydrogen bonds

Explanation:            The hydrogen bonds in water exclude the nonpolar tails of phospholipids, forcing the molecules into a bilayer

Answer:

Water molecules make hydrogen bonds

Explanation:

This happens when the hydrogen bonds in water exclude the nonpolar tails of phospholipids, forcing the molecules into a bilayer.

Dependent variables could be height, number of leaves, biomass, etc. The constants could be the amount of water fed to the plants and other environmental conditions apart from the temperature.

Experimental variables could be independent, dependent, or constant.

Independent variables are supplied by the researcher and are often varied or manipulated to produce different effects on experimental systems or subjects.

Dependent variables are measured. Their values are often affected by whatever independent variable the researcher supplies.

Constant variables are uniform throughout the experimental groups or subjects.

Thus, in this case, the aim is to test the effect of temperature on the growth of a plant. The independent variable is the different temperatures.

The dependent variable would be any feature of the experimental plants that indicate growth. It could the height, the number of leaves, etc.

The constant variable would be other conditions the experimental plants are subjected to.

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Energy gets  from motion is called kinetic energy and  energy due to  position is called potential energy.

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