18. A store offers a 4% discount if a consumer pays cash rather than paying by credit card. If the cash price of an item is $84, what is the credit-card purchase price of the same item?

In general, the tallest and shortest plant heights can vary widely depending on the species of plant being considered.

For example, some species of trees can grow over 300 feet tall, while certain species of mosses may only grow a few millimeters in height. The specific environmental conditions, such as the availability of water, sunlight, and nutrients, can also impact the growth and height of plants. Therefore, without more specific information, it is difficult to provide a more precise answer.

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The coordinate of the point is given as: (x,y) = (28/5, 2/5)

Given

A = (4,-2)

B = (12,-10)

Ration = 1/4

We apply the following formula:

(x,y) = [((mx2 + nx1)/(m+n)), ((my2 + ny1)/(m+n)),

Where:

m and n are the ratios. That is:

m/n = 1/4
m : n = 1 : 4

Where A(4,-2) and B(12,10); we have

(x,y) = [((1 * 12 + 4x4)/(4+1)), ((1*10 + 4 *-2)/(4+1)),
(x,y) = (12 + 16/5), ((10-8)/5))

Simplified, this yeild:

(x,y) = (28/5, 2/5)

Thus, the coordinate of the point is (x,y) = (28/5, 2/5).

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The linear programming problem is solved using the simplex method by constructing the simplex tableau, performing pivot operations, and obtaining the optimal solution. The optimal values of the decision variables are X1 = 11, X2 = 3, and X3 = 0, and the optimal objective function value is Z = 29. The other variables X4, X5, and X6 are equal to 0.

What is a linear constraint?

Linear constraint refers to a set of mathematical equations or inequalities that restrict the feasible region of a linear programming problem to a polyhedron, which is a bounded convex region in the n-dimensional space defined by the values of the decision variables.

The objective is to optimize a linear objective function subject to these linear constraints, subject to non-negativity constraints on the decision variables.

a) Write out the full set of linear constraints including the surplus variables:
x1 + 4x2 + 2x3 + x4 = 28
3x1 + 6x2 + x3 + x5 = 36
2x1 + x2 + 5x3 + x6 = 20
x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6 ≥ 0
Note: Assume that the third constraint was actually meant to be "2x1 + x2 + 5x3 + x6 ≤ 20" since the original inequality was not specified.

b) Write the problem in standard form:
Minimize Z = 2x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 + 0x4 + 0x5 + 0x6
Subject to:
x1 + 4x2 + 2x3 + x4 = 28
3x1 + 6x2 + x3 + x5 = 36
2x1 + x2 + 5x3 + x6 ≤ 20
x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6 ≥ 0

c) Write the problem in matrix form:
Minimize Z = [2 3 2 0 0 0] [x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6]T
Subject to:
[1 4 2 1 0 0] [x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6]T = 28
[3 6 1 0 1 0] [x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6]T = 36
[2 1 5 0 0 1] [x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6]T ≤ 20
[x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6]T ≥ 0

d) Write out the initial simplex tableau:
Basic      x1      x2      x3      x4      x5      x6      RHS
Z          2       3       2       0       0       0       0
x4         1       4       2       1       0       0       28
x5         3       6       1       0       1       0       36
x6         2       1       5       0       0       1       20

Note: The initial tableau has the identity matrix as the coefficient matrix for the slack and surplus variables, and the objective coefficients are in the top row. The RHS column contains the right-hand side values of the constraints.

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Answer: the answer is b

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer: D

Step-by-step explanation:

y =mx+c

From using the trigonometric substitution, the evaluate value of integral, [tex]I = \int \frac{ \sqrt{ 4- x²}}{x²} dx [/tex] is equals to the [tex]= -cos(\theta) - \theta + c [/tex].

The substitution rule is a way for evaluating integrals. It is based on the following identity between differentials, du = u dx . Trigonometric substitution is used because integrals involving square roots are difficult to solve. The three most used trigonometric substitutions are sine, tangent and secant. Thus, for the domains for sine, tangent and cosine are [−π/2, π/2] [ − π / 2 , π / 2 ] and (−π/2, π/2) respectively. Now, we have the integral [tex]I = \int \frac{ \sqrt{ 4- x²}}{x²} dx [/tex]. We have to solve above integral by trigonometric substitution. Now, using trigonometric substitution, substitute x = 2 sin(θ)

Differentiating, dx = 2 cos(θ) dθ

[tex]I = \int \frac{ \sqrt{ 4- (2 sin(θ)) ²}}{(2 sin(θ))²} 2 cos(θ) dθ[/tex]

[tex]= \int \frac{ \sqrt{ 4- \: 4sin²(θ)}}{4 \: sin²(θ)} 2 cos(θ) dθ[/tex]

[tex]= \int \frac{4 \sqrt{1 -sin²(θ)}}{4 \: sin²(θ) }cos(θ) dθ[/tex]

[tex]= \int \frac{ \sqrt{cos²(θ)}}{ sin²(θ)}cos(θ) dθ[/tex]

[tex]= \int \frac{cos²(θ)}{ sin²(θ)} dθ[/tex]

[tex] \int \frac{ 1 - sin²(θ)}{ \sin ^{2} ( \theta)} dθ[/tex]

[tex]= \int (-1 + csc²(θ)) dθ[/tex]

[tex]= -cos(\theta) - \theta + c [/tex]. Hence, required value is [tex]= -cos(\theta) - \theta + c [/tex].

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Complete question:

Use the trigonometric substitution to integrate

[tex]\int \frac{ \sqrt{4- x²}}{x²} dx [/tex]

Answer:

55.7 kg/m^3

Step-by-step explanation:

Density= Mass ÷ Volume

D=613÷ 11

D=55.72727...

Rounded to 55.7

There ya go

The overlapping area between A1 and B, and the probability of A2∩B is represented by the overlapping area between A2 and B.

(a) A1 and A2 are not mutually exclusive since their intersection probability P(A1∩A2) is not equal to zero.

(b) To calculate P(A1∩B), we can use the formula:

P(A1∩B) = P(B|A1) * P(A1)

P(A1∩B) = 0.14 * 0.62

P(A1∩B) = 0.0868

To calculate P(A2∩B), we can use the formula:

P(A2∩B) = P(B|A2) * P(A2)

P(A2∩B) = 0.09 * 0.38

P(A2∩B) = 0.0342

(c) To calculate P(B), we can use the formula for the total probability:

P(B) = P(B|A1) * P(A1) + P(B|A2) * P(A2)

P(B) = 0.14 * 0.62 + 0.09 * 0.38

P(B) = 0.1228 + 0.0342

P(B) = 0.157

(d) To apply Bayes’ theorem, we can use the formula:

P(A1|B) = P(B|A1) * P(A1) / P(B)

P(A1|B) = 0.14 * 0.62 / 0.157

P(A1|B) = 0.553

To calculate P(A2|B), we can use the formula:

P(A2|B) = P(B|A2) * P(A2) / P(B)

P(A2|B) = 0.09 * 0.38 / 0.157

P(A2|B) = 0.217

(e) Here is a Venn diagram to represent the events A1, A2, and B:

    +------------+

    |            |

    |   A1       |

    |            |

    +------+-----+

           | P(B|A1) = 0.14

    +------|-----+

    |      |     |

    |   B  | A1∩B|

    |      |     |

    +------+-----+

           | P(B|A2) = 0.09

    +------+-----+

    |      |     |

    |   A2 | B∩A2|

    |      |     |

    +------+-----+

    |            |

    |   A1∩A2   |

    |            |

    +------------+

The left circle represents A1, the right circle represents A2, and the intersection represents A1∩A2. The probability of B given A1 is represented by the line connecting B and A1, and the probability of B given A2 is represented by the line connecting B and A2. The probability of A1∩B is represented by the overlapping area between A1 and B, and the probability of A2∩B is represented by the overlapping area between A2 and B.

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When you add opposite numbers, the sum is 0. Then the correct option is A.

A number line refers to a straight line in mathematics that has numbers arranged at regular intervals or portions along its width. A number line is often shown horizontally and can be postponed in any direction.

Let if 'a' lie on the number axis. Then the opposite of the number 'a' will be '-a'. Then the addition of the numbers is calculated as,

⇒ a + (-a)

⇒ a - a

⇒ 0  

When you add opposite numbers, the sum is 0. Then the correct option is A.

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The dot product of two vectors u and v is calculated by multiplying their corresponding components and then adding the products together.

Mathematically, it can be expressed as:  u · v = u₁v₁ + u₂v₂ + u₃v₃ (for vectors in 3D space)
Step:1. u = (2,5) and v = (-6,1)
u · v = (2)(-6) + (5)(1) = -12 + 5 = -7
Since the dot product is not equal to zero, u and v are not orthogonal.
Step:2. u = 2i +3j and v= -7i -3j
u · v = (2)(-7) + (3)(-3) = -14 - 9 = -23
Again, the dot product is not zero, so u and v are not orthogonal.
Step:4. u = 4i+6j+8k and v= 7i -9j+ 12k (3D space)
u · v = (4)(7) + (6)(-9) + (8)(12) = 28 - 54 + 96 = 70
Once again, the dot product is not zero, so u and v are not orthogonal.
Therefore, in all three cases, the dot product of the given vectors is not zero, which means that they are not orthogonal.

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The probabilities and the expected values are calculated below

Next cereal box wll contain blue or yellow

Here, we have

Yellow or blue = 15 + 5 = 20

Total = 50

So, we have

P(Yellow or blue) = 20/50

P(Yellow or blue) = 2/5

Arrival time before 7:30 am

Here, we have

Arrival time before 7:30 am = 7

Total time = 20

So, we have

P(Arrival time before 7:30 am) = 7/20

Team least likely

Convert the probabilities to decimal

So, we have

Nets = 0.67

Rockets = 0.5

Bucks = 0.8

Warriors = 0.375

This means that the team least likely to play in the championship game is 0.375

Section 7 in the game

Here, we have

P(7) = 35/250

In 150 times, we have

n(7) = 35/250 * 150

n(7) = 21

So, the number of times is 21

Expected students to eat chicken nuggets

Here, we have

P(Chicken) = 14/40

In 840 students, we have

n(Chicken) = 14/40 * 840

n(Chicken) = 294

Hence, the expected number of students to eat chicken nuggets is 294

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The standard deviation of the data set is 0. Therefore, the correct answer is C) $0.

To calculate the standard deviation, we can follow these steps:

1. Find the mean (average) of the data set.
2. Subtract the mean from each value, and then square the result.
3. Find the mean of these squared differences.
4. Take the square root of the mean of squared differences.

In this case, the windows generated by the three sellers are all $4,000.

Step 1: Calculate the mean.
Mean = (4,000 + 4,000 + 4,000) / 3 = 4,000

Step 2: Subtract the mean from each value and square the result.
(4,000 - 4,000)^2 = 0
(4,000 - 4,000)^2 = 0
(4,000 - 4,000)^2 = 0

Step 3: Find the mean of these squared differences.
(0 + 0 + 0) / 3 = 0

Step 4: Take the square root of the mean of squared differences.
Square root of 0 = 0

The standard deviation of the data set is 0. Therefore, the correct answer is C) $0.

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Answer:

There are 10 cards in the stack, and 5 of them are odd (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9). There are 3 cards (1, 2, and 3) that are less than 4. Since we are replacing the first card before selecting the second, the outcomes are independent and we can multiply the probabilities of each event.

The probability of selecting an odd card on the first draw is 5/10, or 1/2.

The probability of selecting a card less than 4 on the second draw is 3/10, since there are 3 cards that meet this condition out of a total of 10.

Therefore, the probability of selecting an odd card on the first draw and a card less than 4 on the second draw is:

(1/2) x (3/10) = 3/20

So the probability of selecting an odd card on the first draw and a card less than 4 on the second draw is 3/20.

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

3/20.

Step-by-step explanation:

To find the probability of two independent events happening together, we multiply their individual probabilities. The probability of the first card being an odd number is 5/10, because there are 5 odd numbers out of 10 cards. The probability of the second card being less than 4 is 3/10, because there are 3 cards (1, 2, and 3) that are less than 4 out of 10 cards. Therefore, the probability of the first card being an odd number and the second card being less than 4 is:

5/10 x 3/10 = 15/100

We can simplify this fraction by dividing both the numerator and denominator by 5:

15/100 = 3/20

So, the final answer is 3/20.

Received message. To find the probability of two independent events happening together, we multiply their individual probabilities. The probability of the first card being an odd number is 5/10, because there are 5 odd numbers out of 10 cards. The probability of the second card being less than 4 is 3/10, because there are 3 cards (1, 2, and 3) that are less than 4 out of 10 cards. Therefore, the probability of the first card being an odd number and the second card being less than 4 is: 5/10 x 3/10 = 15/100 We can simplify this fraction by dividing both the numerator and denominator by 5: 15/100 = 3/20 So, the final answer is 3/20.

we have shown that a positive integer is divisible by 3 if and only if the sum of its decimal digits is divisible by 3.

Let n be a positive integer and let d1, d2, ..., dm be its decimal digits, where dm is the leftmost (most significant) digit and d1 is the rightmost (least significant) digit. Then n can be written as:

n = [tex]d1 * 10^{(m-1)} + d2 * 10^{(m-2)} + ... + dm-1 * 10 + dm[/tex]

We want to show that n is divisible by 3 if and only if the sum of its decimal digits is divisible by 3.

First, suppose that n is divisible by 3. Then we have:

n = 3k

for some integer k. Substituting the expression for n, we have:

[tex]d1 * 10^{(m-1)} + d2 * 10^{(m-2)} + ... + dm-1 * 10 + dm = 3k[/tex]

Taking both sides modulo 3, we obtain:

d1 + d2 + ... + dm-1 + dm ≡ 0 (mod 3)

which means that the sum of the decimal digits of n is divisible by 3.

Conversely, suppose that the sum of the decimal digits of n is divisible by 3. Then we have:

d1 + d2 + ... + dm-1 + dm = 3k

for some integer k. Substituting this expression into the equation for n, we obtain:

n =[tex]d1 * 10^{(m-1)} + d2 * 10^{(m-2)} + ... + dm-1 * 10 + dm[/tex]

= [tex]d1 * (10^{(m-1)} - 1) + d2 * (10^{(m-2)} - 1) + ... + dm-1 * (10 - 1) + (d1 + d2 + ... + dm-1 + dm)[/tex]

= [tex]d1 * (10^{(m-1)} - 1) + d2 * (10^{(m-2)} - 1) + ... + dm-1 * (10 - 1) + 3k[/tex]

The first m-1 terms on the right-hand side are all divisible by 3, since 10^n - 1 is divisible by 3 for any positive integer n. Therefore, we have:

n ≡ dm + 3k (mod 3)

Since the sum of the decimal digits of n is divisible by 3, we have dm + d1 + d2 + ... + dm-1 ≡ 0 (mod 3). Therefore, we have:

n ≡ 0 (mod 3)

which means that n is divisible by 3.

Therefore, we have shown that a positive integer is divisible by 3 if and only if the sum of its decimal digits is divisible by 3.

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For a right angled triangle with known measure of sides 11.2 units and 8.5 units, the unknown value of third side, i.e, x is equals to the 7.3 units.

A right triangle or right-angled triangle is defined as a triangle in which one angle is a right angle. Therefore, one of the angles must be 90 degrees and sum all interior angles is equals to 180°. See the triangle present in above figure. It is a right angled triangle because measure of one angle is 90°.

Height of triangle = x units

Base of triangle, b = x

Length of hypotenuse of triangle = 11.2

We have to determine the value of x. Using payathagaros theorem of sides in a right angled triangle, (hypothenuse)² = (base)² + (height)²

Substitute all known values in above formula,

=> (11.2)² = x² + (8.5)²

=> 125.44 = x² + 72.25

=> x² = 125.44 - 72.25

=> x² = 53.19

=> x = 7.2931 ~ 7.3

Hence, required value is 7.3 units.

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Complete question:

The above figure complete the question. Solve for x. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

X

8. 5

11. 2

A graph which represent the inequality -5x + 3y > 9 is shown below.

In order to to graph the solution to the given linear inequality on a coordinate plane, we would use an online graphing calculator to plot the given linear inequality and then take note of the points that lie on its line;

-5x + 3y > 9

3y > 9 + 5x

y > 9/3 + 5x/3

y > 5x/3 + 3

Next, we would use an online graphing calculator to plot the given linear inequality as shown in the graph attached below.

Based on the graph (see attachment), we can logically deduce that a possible solution for the linear equation is the ordered pairs (0, 3) and (-1.8, 0), with a dashed line that is shaded above to indicate the solution, and this must be represented with the greater than or equal to (>) inequality symbol.

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Step-by-step explanation:

6(3h - 4) = 18h + (-24) = 18h -24

The equation for money collected m for h boxes of chocolate bars sold is m = 30h.

We are given that the band is selling every bar of chocolate for $1.50

Now, they have boxes of chocolate, with every box containing 20 bars of chocolate in them.

Hence if we are going to calculate the amount of money collected on selling one box it will be

20 X $1.5

= $30

We need to find the equation for the amount of money collected based on the number of boxes of chocolate bars sold.

We have been given that money collected should be represented b m while the number of chocolate boxes sold should be represented by h

Now we know that

Money collected = price per box X no.of boxes sold

we have already calculated the price per box hence we get

m = 30h

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The required support wire makes an angle of approximately 67.54° degrees with the ground.

We can use trigonometry to find the angle x. In the diagram, we can see that the support wire, the height of the tower, and the ground form a right triangle. The length of the support wire is the hypotenuse of this triangle, and the distance from the base of the tower to the point where the wire touches the ground is the adjacent side. We can use the tangent function to find the angle x:

tan(x) = opposite / adjacent

In this case, the opposite side is the height of the tower, which we don't know yet. However, we can use the Pythagorean theorem to find it:

height² = support wire² - adjacent²

height² = 100² - 40²

height ≈ 96.8

Now we can plug in the values to find x:

tan(x) = opposite / adjacent

tan(x) = 96.8 / 40

x ≈ 67.54°

Therefore, the support wire makes an angle of approximately 67.54° degrees with the ground.

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E(X) = 28.5 for the second distribution, and 4.05 for the third distribution and Var(X) = 100 for the second distribution, and 1.4525 for the third distribution.

(a) The expectation E(X) of X is calculated as the weighted average of all possible values of X:

E(X) = (-30)(0.10) + (-20)(0.15) + (-10)(0.05) + (0)(0.35) + (10)(0.35) = 1

Therefore, E(X) = 1.

(b) The variance Var(X) of X is calculated using the formula:

[tex]Var(X) = E(X^2) - [E(X)]^2[/tex]

We already know E(X) from part (a), so we need to calculate [tex]E(X^2)[/tex]:

[tex]E(X^2) = (-30)^2(0.10) + (-20)^2(0.15) + (-10)^2(0.05) + (0)^2(0.35) + (10)^2(0.35) = 700[/tex]

Plugging in the values, we get:

[tex]Var(X) = 700 - (1)^2 = 699[/tex]

Therefore, Var(X) = 699.

For the other two distributions, the calculations are the same, and we get:

(a) E(X) = 28.5 for the second distribution, and 4.05 for the third distribution.

(b) Var(X) = 100 for the second distribution, and 1.4525 for the third distribution.

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George's total dividends for the year as a percentage of the price he paid for each share is 380%, and the new percentage return for the year, assuming the stock price increases to $100, is 3.8%.

To calculate the total dividends and percentage return for the year, follow these steps:

1. Find the total dividend per share: $1 + $1 + $1 + $0.80 = $3.80

2. Find the price George paid for each share: Since the dividend is the same for all shares, we'll use the highest dividend of $1 as the price he paid for each share.

3. Calculate the total dividends for the year as a percentage of the price he paid for each share:

[tex](\frac{3.8}{1})(100)[/tex] = 380%

Now, let's find the new percentage return for the year, assuming the stock price increases to $100 and the company pays the same dividend:

4. Calculate the new percentage return for the year: [tex](\frac{3.8}{100})(100)[/tex]= 3.8%

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When using the -x^2 - V command in WolframAlpha, it is important to correctly use parentheses to ensure the proper order of operations. The command should be written as "-(x^2) - V" to subtract x squared from V, rather than "-x^2 - V" which would subtract V from x squared.

To use the WolframAlpha method introduced in the Section 7.1 Learning Guidance and Section 7.1 Homework solutions to match the function Z = x^2y^3e^(-x-y) given by Problem 32 on Page 392 with a graph and a contour map on Page 393, you can follow these steps:

1. Go to the WolframAlpha website (www.wolframalpha.com).
2. In the search bar, type in "plot x^2*y^3*e^(-x-y)" and press enter.
3. WolframAlpha will generate a graph of the function Z = x^2y^3e^(-x-y), which can be used to match with the graph and contour maps on Page 393.
4. To generate a contour map, type in "contour plot x^2*y^3*e^(-x-y)" and press enter. WolframAlpha will generate a contour map of the function, which can be compared to the contour maps on Page 393.

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The Caputo fractional integral and derivative are mathematical operations used to describe the behavior of a function. The Caputo fractional derivative is a generalization of the traditional derivative and measures the rate of change of a function with respect to a fractional order. The Caputo fractional integral is the inverse operation of the fractional derivative and measures the accumulation of a function over a fractional order.

In the given equation, "D" represents the Caputo fractional derivative, and "f(x)" is the function being differentiated. The "k" and "k!" terms in the equation correspond to the order of the derivative being taken. The "a" and "b" terms are constants that determine the interval over which the derivative is being taken.

The notation "f(0+)" represents the limit of the function as it approaches zero from the right-hand side. This is necessary in fractional calculus because the behavior of a function near zero can be different from its behavior at other points.

Overall, the Caputo fractional integral and derivative are powerful tools for analyzing the behavior of complex functions and systems. They allow us to extend traditional calculus to include fractional orders and better understand phenomena like fractals and self-similar patterns.

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The expected profit or loss is $21,094.50, rounded to the nearest hundredth

Here's the step-by-step explanation using the provided information:

Step 1: Identify the profit and loss values and their respective probabilities.
Profit: $32,604 with a probability of 0.7
Loss: -$5,761 with a probability of 0.3

Step 2: Calculate the expected profit or loss using the formula:
[tex]\frac{Expected profit/loss}{loss} = (Profit * Probability of profit) + (Loss * Probability of Loss)[/tex]

Step 3: Plug in the values into the formula:
[tex]\frac{Expected profit}{loss}  = ($32,604 * 0.7) + (-$5,761 * 0.3)[/tex]

Step 4: Perform the calculations:
[tex]\frac{Expected profit}{loss}  = ($22,822.8) + (-$1,728.3)[/tex]

Step 5: Add the results to find the expected profit or loss:
[tex]\frac{Expected profit}{loss}  = $21,094.5[/tex]

So, the expected profit or loss is $21,094.50, rounded to the nearest hundredth.

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It took Lucy approximately 2 13/31 hours to bike the trail.

We can start by using the formula:

distance = rate × time

Let's begin by finding the distance of the bike trail. Since Jasmine and Lucy biked the same trail, the distance will be the same for both of them. Let d be the distance of the trail.

d = distance of the bike trail

We know that Jasmine finished the bike trail in 2.5 hours at an average rate of 9 3/10 miles per hour. So, we can write:

d = 9 3/10 × 2.5

Simplifying the right-hand side, we get:

d = 23 1/2

Therefore, the distance of the bike trail is 23 1/2 miles.

Now, we can use the formula to find the time it took Lucy to bike the trail. Let t be the time it took Lucy to bike the trail.

distance = rate × time

23 1/2 = 6 1/5 × t

To solve for t, we can divide both sides by 6 1/5:

t = 23 1/2 ÷ (6 1/5)

Converting the mixed numbers to improper fractions, we get:

t = 47/2 ÷ 31/5

To divide fractions, we can multiply by the reciprocal:

t = 47/2 × 5/31

Simplifying, we get:

t = 2 13/31

Therefore, it took Lucy approximately 2 13/31 hours to bike the trail.

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The width of the new phone is 6.16 inches.

The length of a cell phone is 1.4 inches and the width is 4.4 inches. The company making the cell phone wants to make a new version whose length will be 1.96 inches.

The side length of the new phone are proportional to the old phone. Therefore, the width of the new phone can be calculated as follows:

let

x = width of the new phone

1.4 / 1.96 = 4.4 / x

cross multiply

1.4x  = 4.4 × 1.96

1.4x = 8.624

divide both sides by 1.4

x = 8.624 / 1.4

x = 6.16

Therefore,

width of the new phone = 6.16 inches

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This means that if you get strong, then you are guaranteed to win races, according to the original statement.

a) We can convert the statement into propositional logic using the following symbols:

T: You train hard

E: You eat good food

S: You get strong

W: You win races

Using these symbols, the original statement can be represented as follows:

((T ∧ E) → S) ∧ (S → W)

This can be read as "If you train hard and eat good food, then you will get strong, and if you get strong, then you will win races."

b) We can use the propositional logic statement to answer this question. If you don't win races but do train hard, we know that the second part of the statement (S → W) is false, because if S (you get strong) were true, then W (you win races) would have to be true as well. Therefore, we can conclude that S (you get strong) must also be false. In plain English, this means that if you don't win races but do train hard, then you didn't get strong.

c) If you do get strong, we know that the second part of the statement (S → W) must be true, because if S (you get strong) is true, then W (you win races) must also be true. Therefore, we can conclude that if you get strong, then you will win races. In plain English, this means that if you get strong, then you are guaranteed to win races, according to the original statement.

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Using a 0.05 significance level, a hypothesis test was conducted to determine if polygraph results are correct less than 80% of the time. So null hypothesis is not rejected by test results due to insufficiency of evidence to support the claim.

Null hypothesis, The polygraph results are correct 80% of the time or more.

Alternative hypothesis, The results given by polygraph are correct as they are less than 80% of the time.

Since the sample size is large and the success-failure condition is satisfied, we can use the normal distribution as an approximation of the binomial distribution. we can calculate the test statistic from formula

z = (p - P) / √(P(1-P)/n)

where p is the sample proportion of correct results, P is the hypothesized proportion of correct results (0.80), and n is the sample size.

p = 77/99 = 0.7778

z = (0.7778 - 0.80) / √(0.80(1-0.80)/99) = -0.6318

Using a standard normal distribution table, the p-value is found to be 0.2646.

Since the p-value (0.2646) is greater than the significance level (0.05), we fail to reject the null hypothesis. There is not enough evidence to conclude that the polygraph results are correct less than 80% of the time.

Therefore, we can conclude that at a 0.05 significance level, there is not enough evidence to support the claim that such polygraph results are correct less than 80% of the time.

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